Vocabulary Cam 15

STT Vocabulary Meaning Vietnamese meaning Note
a brown powder made from

1 nutmeg the seed of a tropical tree,
which is used as a spice
important, beneficial, worthy
2 valuable
#worthless
a type of powder or seed,
taken from plants, that you put
3 spice
into food you are cooking to
give it a special taste
east indian tree widely
4 myristica fragrans cultivated in the tropics for its
aromatic seed
an evergreen tree or bush does
5 evergreen not lose its leaves in winter
indigenous, local, aboriginal,
6 native to
resident #foreign
7 branch split, fork, divide
thick, close together
8 dense
#transparent
9 foliage leaves
not easily broken or made
10 tough
weaker
11 oval ovate, egg-shaped
12 bell-shaped shaped like a bell
13 pale pallid, faint, weak #strong
14 pear-shaped shaped like a pear
15 encase sth in sth cover, enclose, wrap #uncover
16 fleshy having a soft thick inner part
17 husk shell, pod, covering #kernel
18 ripe fully grown, mature
divide, separate, break up,
19 split into
#united
20 ridge edge, point
21 shiny glossy, gleaming, sparkly
one of the small hard objects
in a fruit such as an apple or
22 seed
orange, from which new fruit
trees grow
23 surround enclose, encircle, envelop
24 lacy made of lace
25 crimson deep red in colour
an extra seed covering,
26 aril typically coloured and hairy or
fleshy
a spice made from the dried
27 mace
shell of a nutmeg
28 former previous, past, earlier, prior
last, later, final #former,
29 latter
previous
extremely important or
30 prized
valuable to someone
31 costly expensive, high, exorbitant
element, component, part,
32 ingredient
item, thing
33 cuisine food, cooking
the period in european history
34 middle ages between about 1100 and 1500
ad
a substance used to give
35 flavouring something a particular flavour
or increase its flavour
used for treating medical
36 medicinal
problems
conserving, preserving,
37 preservative
protective
a chemical or substance that is
38 agent used for a particular purpose
or that has a particular effect
39 exclusive sole, limited #partial
a person, company, or country
that buys goods from other
40 importer
countries so they can be sold
in their own country
41 merchant wholesaler, trader, dealer
to have your main place of
42 be based in sth work, business etc in a
particular place
43 reveal tell, expose, disclose #conceal
44 commodity product, goods
supremacy, domination,
45 dominance of control, power, ascendency
#weakness
46 reach arrive, go, move
use, utilize, make use of, take
47 exploit
advantage of
valuable, treasurable, priceless
48 precious
#worthless
49 resource source, reserve, supply
risk, threat, hazard,
50 be in danger of (doing) sth endangerment #safety
if a company subcontracts
51 subcontract sth to sb work, they pay other people to
do part of their work for them
52 distribution supply, spreading, delivery
53 trader dealer, merchant, seller
54 flow into sth run, pour, flood
business-related, for-profit
55 commercial
#charitable
a group of ships, or all the
56 fleet
ships in a navy
quickly, speedily, rapidly
57 swiftly
#slowly
to be influenced or affected by
58 fall under
(something)
59 rule law, regulation, statute
to prevent a person or
60 lock sb out of sth organization from having or
being able to take part in sth
climb, rocket, rise, increase,
61 soar #decrease, drop, plummet
to work hard to achieve or
oppose something, especially
62 fight back
in a situation where you are
losing
63 merchant wholesaler, trader, dealer
start, create, establish, set up
64 found
#close
company, business, firm,
65 corporation
organization
large organized group of
66 army people trained to fight on land
in a war
disease, epidemic, pandemic,
67 plague
illness
transmissible, transmittable,
68 contagious
infectious
anxious, worried, frantic,
69 desperate
hopeless #calm
if something spreads or is
spread, it becomes larger or
70 spread
moves so that it affects more
people or a larger area
71 cure treatment, therapy, medication
to spend as much money or do
everything necessary to make
72 spare no expense to do sth
something really good or
successful
a small unit of money in
73 penny - pennies (plural) Britain. there are 100 pence in
one pound
74 rule govern, reign, lead, control
a ruler in some Muslim
75 sultan
countries
76 insist on require, enforce, oblige
77 neutral unbiased, impartial #biased
78 power authority, control, supremacy
79 troop crowd, flock, group
defenseless, insecure,
80 unprotected
vulnerable
81 invader attacker, assailant, intruder
take control, take charge,
82 take over
come to power
collect, mass, assemble
83 concentrate
#disperse
84 guarded secured, protected, watched
deracinate, pull up, dig up
85 uproot
#plant
farm, agricultural estate,
86 plantation
cultivated area
87 zone area, region, sector
to see someone doing
something that they did not
88 catch sb doing sth
want you to know they were
doing
89 seedling sprout, sapling, plantlet
90 proper appropriate, suitable, apt.
91 authority permission, license, mandate
a white substance obtained by
burning limestone, used for
92 lime
making cement, marking
sports fields etc
able to produce babies, young
93 fertile animals, or new plants
#infertile
94 obstacle problem, difficulty, hindrance
power, control, authority,
95 domination supremacy, government
a small pointed or thin piece
96 sliver that has been cut or broken off
something
the power to make the
decisions about how a country,
97 under the control of sb
place, company etc is
organized or what it does
arrive at a to reach a decision, solution
98 decision/solution/compromis etc after a lot of effort
e etc
99 compromise arrangement, agreement, deal
resolution, conclusion,
100 settlement
decision, agreement
101 treaty agreement, accord, pact, truce
to be determined to do
102 intent on something or achieve
something
103 hold control, power, influence
when you exchange something
104 trade you have for something that
someone else has
105 in turn as a result of something
106 distant remote, far, isolated #near
if a company or government
has a monopoly of a business
or political activity, it has
107 monopoly
complete control of it so that
other organizations cannot
compete with it
to take something or someone
108 smuggle illegally from one country to
another
the area where the land meets
109 off the coast
the sea
110 thrive flourish, grow well #fail
relating to or caused by a
111 volcanic
volcano
112 eruption outbreak, explosion, emission
113 tsunami tidal wave
destroy, eradicate, devastate,
114 wipe out
remove #protect
plantation, copse, a piece of
115 grove land with trees growing on it
capture, conquer, take control
116 seize
of, take over
violent physical action used to
117 by force get what you want
118 transplant relocate, resettle, uproot
119 estimate guess, assess, appraise
a driverless vehicle is
controlled by equipment in the
120 driverless
vehicle, rather than by a
human driver
121 automotive motorized, locomotive,
relating to cars
122 sector area, part, division
123 adapt to acclimatize, adjust, modify
the use of computers and
124 automation machines instead of people to
do a job
production, making,
125 manufacture
construction
application, execution,
126 implementation
enactment
forwards, ahead, straight on
127 onwards
#backwards
considerable, large, major
128 significant
#paltry
money that a company has
129 cost saving saved by deliberately spending
less
130 reliability dependability, consistency
131 flexibility suppleness, elasticity
when products are made in
132 mass production large numbers by machines so
that they can be sold cheaply
to seem likely to happen in the
133 on the horizon
future
used to refer to a vehicle that
134 self-driving
drives itself
135 capability ability, capacity #inability
136 contribution influence, involvement, impact
137 assistance help, support, aid #hindrance
138 announce publicize, declare, say
to thoroughly test something
139 trial to see if it works correctly or is
effective
development, growth,
140 progress
improvement #regression
141 gather pace happen more quickly
142 advance improve, develop, enhance
143 cite mention, refer to
reason, cause, purpose,
144 motive
intention, aim
145 indeed certainly, actually, in fact
146 demonstrate show, reveal, display #conceal
147 collision crash, accident
148 involve include, comprise, encompass
an error that is typical of
149 human error humans rather than machines
150 contributory related, causal, influential
151 primary main, key, chief, crucial
great/vast/overwhelming almost all of a group
152
majority of sth
occurrence, prevalence,
153 incidence of frequency, rate, numbers
goal, purpose, objective,
154 aim
target, intention
155 free release, set free, liberate
156 productive producing or achieving a lot
to spend time with other
157 socialize people in a friendly way
have responsibility for accountability, duty, charge
158
(doing) sth
159 existing current, present, prevailing
movement, motion
160 mobility
#immobility
161 model type, sort, kind, brand, version
independence, self-sufficiency
162 autonomy
#dependence
163 beyond further than, away from
broader, varied, wide-ranging
164 wider
#narrower
effect, consequence,
165 implication
repercussion
166 respond react, act in, response #ignore
normal, regular, typical,
167 average
standard
to put a car or other vehicle in
168 park a particular place for a period
of time
169 initiative plan, idea, project, program
an arrangement in which a
170 car-sharing group of people travel together
in one car to work or school
feasible, practical, practicable
171 viable
#impossible
automatic, robotic,
172 automated computerized, programmed
#manual
used to say that something is
173 by far much better, worse etc than
anything else
carry out, put into operation,
174 implement put into action, apply
a situation that exists,
175 this is the case especially as it affects a
particular person or group
176 modelling the process of making a
scientific or computer model
of something to show how it
works or to understand it
better
possession, tenure,
177 ownership
proprietorship
the number of miles someone
178 mileage travels in a vehicle in a
particular period of time
in a way that involves a lot of
activity, effort, or careful
179 intensively
attention in a short period of
time
the rate at which a particular
180 turnover kind of goods is sold
stimulate, encourage ,
181 prompt
motivate #prevent
a variety of, a mixture of,
182 a range of
diverse, various
liberty, self-determination,
183 freedom independence, choice
#restriction
choose, pick, opt for, decide
184 select
on
settlement, agreement, deal,
185 suit
bargain
vacant, empty, unused,
186 unoccupied
unfilled #occupied
increase, improve, enhance
187 boost
#reduce
if someone or something is
efficient, they work well
188 efficient
without wasting time, money,
or energy
189 individual person, being
trained, designed, or
190 specialized developed for a particular
purpose, type of work, place
etc exceptional
191 available existing, free, untaken
unusual and likely not to
192 exceptional
happen often
obstacle, difficulty, problem,
193 hurdle
barrier, block
194 overcome defeat, beat, conquer
guarantee, confirm, make sure,
195 ensure
make certain
in a way that can be trusted or
196 reliably
believed
boundless, limitless, vast
197 infinite
#limited
198 encounter face, confront, meet #avoid
controlling, supervisory,
199 regulatory
monitoring
obligation, responsibility,
200 liability
accountability
when people are made to obey
201 enforcement
a rule, law etc
vital, important, crucial,
202 essential critical, needed, necessary
#unnecessary
social, shared, public,
203 societal
community
204 valuable valued, precious, important
205 landscape situation, circumstances
tackle, adopt, deal with
206 address
#ignore
a robust system, organization
207 robust etc is strong and not likely to
have problems
208 targeted aimed, pointed
209 conquere dominate, seize, occupy
made or done with another
210 in association with sb/sth person, organization etc
the use of virtual reality
technology to operate
machinery by remote control
211 telepresence
or to create the effect of being
at a different or imaginary
location
an environment produced by a
computer that looks and seems
212 virtual reality
real to the person experiencing
it
213 concrete real, tangible, actual
214 prediction forecast, guess, calculation
215 flexible adaptable, variable, open
something that is done as a
216 in response to sth reaction to something that has
happened or been said
critical, crucial, important
217 vital
#unimportant
218 involve in engage, include
219 deliver bring, send, transport
220 exploration discovery, search
221 explorer traveler, voyager
222 desire wish, craving, aspiration
recently obtained, found, or
223 new-found
achieved
224 indeed actually, in fact, in reality
to have an effect or influence
225 play a part/role
on something
226 species class, type, kind, sort, group
someone who lived in a cave
227 caveman many thousands of years ago
228 slump down drop, fall, crash, collapse #rise
mumble, murmur, make a
229 grunt
sound
a large southern african animal
230 wildebeest with a tail and curved horns
over there – used to show or
231 yonder explain where something or
someone is
forefather, antecedent
232 ancestor
#descendant
to make a person or a group of
233 send out people or things go from one
place to various other places
234 scout detective, spy
things that you do not know or
235 the unknown
understand
236 quest search, hunt, seek #find
237 nature someone's character
certainly, unquestionably,
238 undoubtedly undeniably, without doubt
#doubtfully
239 globe world, earth
uncertainty, disbelief
240 doubt
#certainty
if someone leads a nomadic
life, they travel from place to
241 nomadic
place and do not live in any
one place for very long
242 existence life, presence, survival
243 depleted reduced, drained, diminished
244 negotiate pass, navigate, go around
a path for people to walk
245 subway under a road or railway
to begin to have a feeling or
246 come to do sth
opinion
strange, weird, unusual,
247 peculiar
abnormal #normal
248 breed type, class, kind, sort
what is left after everything or
249 the rest of everyone else has gone, been
used, dealt with, or mentioned
250 merely just, only, simply, purely
251 suited suitable, appropriate, fit
to try to find someone or
252 seek out something, especially when
this is difficult
to be likely to do something or
253 inclined behave in a particular way
hazard, venture, take the risk
254 risk
of, take a chance
to go somewhere that could be
255 venture out
dangerous
to spoil the good effect or
256 take away from success that something has
interested, curious,
257 enquiring
questioning
nature, character,
258 instinct
predisposition
259 profession job, career, vocation
relating to the sea and the
260 marine creatures that live there
stargazer, starwatcher,
261 astronomer
astronomer,
262 border edge, limit, boundary, margin
263 test examine, check, assess
imaginary, imagined, fantastic
264 fictional
#real
fallow, unplanted, unfarmed
265 uncultivated
#cultivated
266 landscape scenery, land, site, scene
propose, recommend, put
267 suggest
forward
a person in a book, play, film
268 character
etc
explore, research, examine,
269 delve into
look into
humankind, people, human
270 humanity
race
271 remote far, distant, faraway
a puny person is small, thin,
272 puny
and weak
273 irrelevant immaterial #relevant
extra-terrestrial,
274 alien extraterrestrial, creature from
outer space, space invader
if an insect crawls, it moves
275 crawl over
using its legs
arduously, strenuously, hard
276 laboriously
#easily
277 root origin, derivation, foundation
someone's family, education,
278 background
previous work etc
279 encounter meet, come across, bump into
280 relatively quite, rather, comparatively
hard or firm, with a fixed
281 solid shape, and not a liquid or gas
282 surface outside, facade, exterior
confine yourself to (doing) restrict, restrain, limit, keep
283
sth
if an event, accident, illness
etc leaves you in a particular
284 leave sb with sth
condition, you are in that
condition because of it
285 associated related, linked, connected
286 past previous, earlier, preceding
287 era age, period, time
period during which sth is very
288 golden age successful, especially in the
past
in a way that makes it seem
289 as if that something is true or that
something is happening
290 peak top, climax #dip
in some way, or by some
291 somehow means, although you do not
know how
microorganisms, microbes,
292 bacteria
germs
293 scarcely barely, hardly #fully
to discover or show
information about something,
294 map especially about its shape or
arrangement, or how it moves
or works
295 ocean floor the bottom of a sea or ocean
the way that an organization,
296 the workings of sth machine or organism operates
297 define describe, state, explain
298 dub call, name, label
in a way that relates to science,
299 scientifically or uses the methods of science
famous, outstanding, well-
300 leading
known
hiker, climber, walker, rock
301 mountaineer
climber
in the act of doing sth=at the
302 in the act of doing sth moment that you are doing
something
303 campaigner activist, supporter, promoter
instead of someone, or as their
304 on behalf of
representative
used to show that something or
305 so-called someone is usually called a
particular name
306 tribal ethnic, clannish
307 far-off far, remote, distant
308 cross traverse, go across, cross over
not performed with machines
309 unmechanised or involving machines
a large desert animal with a
long neck and either one or
310 camel
two humps (=large raised
parts) on its back
something that is done to
attract people's attention,
311 stunt
especially in advertising or
politics
to start to use something again
312 bring back that was used in the past
irrespective of, despite, no
313 regardless of matter, in spite of, apart from
#considering
the process of learning about
314 self-discovery yourself and your beliefs
explanation, description,
315 definition
meaning
marginally, vaguely
316 slightly
#considerably
317 reflect reveal, indicate, signal
318 endeavor attempt, effort, try
innovator, inventor, developer,
319 pioneer
discoverer
famous, well-known,
320 prominent important, outstanding,
renowned #obscure
someone who studies history,
321 historian or the history of a particular
thing
leading-edge, front-line,
322 cutting-edge pioneering, innovative, radical
#old-fashioned
someone who works or is
trained in science and so
323 scientist on/forth=used at the end of a
list to show that you could
continue it in a similar way
standards, principles,
324 criteria
measures, norms
325 approach method, tactic, attitude
sure, certain, fixed #uncertain,
326 definite
unsure
object, purpose, aim, point,
327 objective
goal, intention
328 from the outset from the beginning
the information that someone
329 finding
has discovered as a result of
their study, work etc
state, announce, assert, say
330 declare
publicly
prejudice, partiality,
331 bias favoritism, predisposition,
preference #impartiality
voyage, excursion, trip,
332 expedition
journey
sole, exclusive, exceptional,
333 unique distinctive #common
334 isolated remote, lonely, cut off
referred to lost tribes, are
communities who live, or have
335 uncontacted tribes
lived without significant
contact with global civilization
viewpoint, attitude,
336 slant
perspective
337 move on progress, move ahead, go on
mainland, inland, interior,
338 continental
central, main land
339 voyage relating to a large mass of land
the most northern or most
340 pole southern point on a planet,
especially the earth
bug, germ, bacteria,
341 microbe
microorganism
if an animal grazes, or if you
342 graze graze it, it eats grass that is
growing
343 aside from besides, apart from, except for
344 underground under the earth's surface
345 specialist expert, professional
346 disregard ignore, discount, forget
communicate, send, pass on,
347 convey
express
good or interesting because it
348 fresh has not been done, seen etc
before
clarification, understanding,
349 interpretation
explanation
350 route way, road, path
351 insight vision, perception, awareness
major/significant/profound the major/significant/profound
352 etc effect or influence
etc impact
that an event, situation etc has
that an event, situation etc on someone or something
353
has on someone or something
able to continue without

354 sustainable causing damage to the
environment
355 estimate guess, approximate, assess
356 account for comprise, make up, represent
the amount of energy, oil,
357 consumption electricity etc that is used
vital, crucial, critical,
358 essential
important
the ability to move easily from
359 mobility one job, area, or social class to
another
bodily, corporeal, corporal
360 physical
#mental
approach, the right to enter a
361 access place, use something, see
someone etc
362 breathe respire, inhale, blow, take
breaths
to give someone the
be tasked with (doing)
363 responsibility for doing
something
something
364 assumption supposition, hypothesis, guess
place to decide that something is
365 value/importance/emphasis important
etc on sth
366 solely only, exclusively
the quality of doing something
well and effectively, without
367 efficiency
wasting time, money, or
energy
measureable, measurable,
368 quantitative numerical, quantifiable,
calculable
fundamental, essential, basic
369 radical
#minor
possess, keep, retain, own,
370 hold
maintain
371 suggest propose, advise, recommend
method, system, procedure,
372 technique
skill
a person who is skilled at
373 choreographer combining movements into
dances to be performed
to try using various ideas,
374 experiment with methods etc to find out how
good or effective they are
375 stimulate inspire, motivate, encourage
having a lot of influence and
376 influential therefore changing the way
people think and behave
a person who studies and plans
377 urbanist
towns and cities
someone who studies or is an
378 sociologist expert in sociology
undergo, experience, endure,
379 suffer from
tolerate
division, partition,
380 separation
disconnection
381 architectural relating to architecture
a photographic print of a plan
382 blueprint for a building, machine etc on
special blue paper
383 whereas while, however, although
primitive, out-of-date, old-
384 medieval
fashioned #modern
to make something by using
385 improvise whatever you can find because
you do not have the
equipment or materials that adjust, alter, change
386
you need adapt
very detailed knowledge of
something as a result of
387 construction
careful study or a lot of
experience
388 site location, spot, position, place
389 conceive create, elaborate, form, invent
keep, put in storage, put in
390 store in
safekeeping
separate, remove, disconnect,
391 detach
isolate #attach
actuality; what actually
392 reality happens or is true, not what is
imagined or thought
393 practice custom, routine, tradition
complication, intricacy
394 complexity of
#simplicity
disadvantage, problem,
395 drawback negative, obstacle, block
#advantage
make simpler, make things
396 simplify
easier #complicate
procedure, activity, course of
397 process
action
demonstrate, exemplify,
398 illustrate
explain, clarify
399 peachtree a tree that produces peaches
characteristic, distinctive,
400 typical representative
#uncharacteristic
relating to or a member of the
401 modernist modern art movement
a method of doing something
402 approach to or dealing with a problem
the planning and designing of
403 urban planning buildings, roads, and services
in a town
common at a particular time,
404 prevalent in a particular place, or among
a particular group of people
405 grid of network, net, web, framework
planned or designed for
406 intended as
somebody/something
407 pedestrian walker, hiker, foot-traveler
used at the end of words to
408 -friendly mean "suitable for particular
people to use”
center, inner city, city center
409 downtown
#suburb
410 faith in trust, reliance, belief #disbelief
the use of computers to design
411 computer-aided design
objects
take into consideration,
412 take into account
consider #ignore
designed and made for a
413 purpose-built
particular purpose
414 protective defensive, caring, protecting
a sheet of material outside a
415 awning shop, tent etc to keep off the
sun or the rain
using a lot of something such
416 -consuming as time, energy, or space
air-cooling system, ventilation
417 air conditioning system, air-circulation system
#heating
huge, massive, enormous
418 giant
#miniature
419 unwelcoming hostile, unfriendly #friendly
to make you dislike something
420 put sb off (doing) sth or not want to do something
421 get out of sth leave, exit #enter
completely, totally, wholly,
422 entirely
fully
foreseeable, expectable,
423 predictable
expected
manageable, easy to deal with
424 controllable
#uncontrollable
unforceseen, unanticipated,
425 unexpected
unpredicted
426 translate into convert, transform, turn,
change
427 predict forecast, foresee, expect, guess
make a passage or journey
428 move through from one place to another
to use your achievements as a
429 built on base for further development
430 specific exact, precise, certain
someone's opinions and
431 world-view attitudes relating to the world
and things in general
plausible, reasonable, sensible,
432 logical
understandable
433 appear seem, look like
something that is
counterintuitive does not
434 counter-intuitive
happen in the way you would
expect it to
a bar along the edge of
something steep, such as stairs
435 guard rail
or a cliff, to prevent people
from falling off
to use something as the thing
436 base sth on/upon sth from which something else is
developed
to put several things, problems
etc in order of importance, so
437 prioritise
that you can deal with the
most important ones first
438 smooth easy, effortless, efficient
439 flow of movement, stream
440 guide direct, show, lead, conduct
a place where people cross a
441 crossing point road, border, or river
442 progress
improvement
arranged in such a way that
443 staggered not everything happens at the
same time
a piece of computer equipment
that allows computers to be
444 access point
connected together without
wires to share information
445 divide split, break up, separate #unite
a place where two lines, roads,
446 crossing
tracks etc cross
447 carriageway roadway, road, traffic, lane
448 in doing so because of this
mental, emotional, inner,
449 psychological
spiritual #physical
obstacle, difficulty,
450 barrier impediment, hindrance,
obstruction, block
451 mobile moveable, portable, active
452 get around avoid, bypass, evade
disturbance, commotion,
453 disruption trouble, interruption,
distraction
454 bring about to make something happen
important, central, essential,
455 fundamental
vital
the art of arranging how
456 choreography dancers should move during a
performance
clear, understandable,
457 obvious
noticeable, apparent
458 tackle confront, face
459 aim goal, purpose, target
460 pattern design, shape, form
inadequacy, shortcoming,
461 limitation
weakness
a way of expressing ideas, for
462 art form example in a painting, dance,
piece of writing
to test something such as a
method or a piece of
463 try sth out
equipment to see if it is
effective or works properly
464 gain get, achieve, acquire, obtain
immediate, instantaneous,
465 instant
rapid
466 feedback respone, comment, opinion
467 aesthetic artistic, visual, appealing
effect, consequence,
468 implication
repercussion
469 cognitive reasoning, mental, intellectual,
perceptive, rational, thinking
470 perceptive, rational, thinking
to make or produce something
that is not real but has the
471 simulate
appearance or feeling of being
real
consequence, result, product,
472 outcome
conclusion
473 purely only, merely, simply, solely
existing only as an idea or
quality rather than as
474 abstract
something real that you can
see or touch #concrete
475 value to think that someone or
something is important
476 expertise skill, knowledge, proficiency
477 have no place in to be completely unacceptable
478 improvise contrive, invent, create
479 scale level, size
useful, practical, purposeful
480 functional
#worthless
to cause (someone or
bring someone/sth back to
481 something that has died) to
life
begin living again
482 extinct nonexistent, dead, vanished
483 species class, type, kind, sort, group
a gregarious north american
484 passenger pigeon pigeon, became extinct at the
beginning of the 20th century
famous, renowned, well-
485 legendary
known
massive, huge, enormous,
486 vast
gigantic #small
possibly, hypothetically
487 potentially
#actually
488 single sole, only, solitary
489 flock flight, group, herd
relocation, passage,
490 migration
movement, journey
sight, display, scene,
491 spectacle
exhibition
492 existence survival, life#extinction
493 come to an end to stop or end
494 specimen example, sample, sampling
495 geneticist a person who studies genetics
496 lead chief, main top
497 ambitious an ambitious plan, idea etc
shows a desire to do
something good but difficult
498 aim plan, intend, want
the production of an organism
belonging to or closely
resembling an extinct species,
499 de-extinction by methods such as cloning,
gene editing, or the selective
breeding of closely related
organisms.
500 premise idea, ground, foundation
501 involve engage, include, comprise
an animal or plant produced by
scientists from one cell of
502 clone
another animal or plant, so that
they are exactly the same
to become something
503 turn (sb/sth) into sth different, or to make someone
or something do this
to make new animal or plant
504 fertilize
life develop
an animal or human that has
505 embryo not yet been born, and has just
begun to develop
if a woman is carrying a child,
506 carry
she is pregnant
507 relative a member of your family
508 in existence existing, surviving, extant
509 abundant plentiful, copious, rich #scarce
wild pigeon of western north
america; often mistaken for
510 band-tailed pigeon
the now extinct passenger
pigeon
511 pioneering introducing new and better
methods or ideas for the first
time
used to say that something
512 far from very different is true or
happens
513 trial test, experiment, check
a striped, meat-eating
514 thylacine australian mammal about the
size of a large dog.
animal, organism, insect,
515 creature
living thing
516 genetic relating to genes or genetics
struggle, endeavor, try, make
517 strive to do sth
every effort
flesh-eater, meat-eater,
518 carnivore
predator
to provide something that
519 fill a niche certain kinds of people want to
buy
inhabit, live in, reside in,
520 occupy
dominate
521 point out indicate, show, reveal
522 spread range, extent, diffusion
incapacitating, weakening,
523 debilitating
enervating
on your face or relating to
524 facial
your face
a mass of diseased cells in
525 tumour your body that have divided
and increased too quickly
disease, disorder, set of
526 syndrome
symtoms
endanger, jeopardize, put at
527 threaten
risk
infamous, disreputable
528 notorious
#famous
529 resident occupant, inhabitant, dweller
a disease that is contagious can
530 contagious be passed from person to
person by touch
531 pop up arise, happen, appear
532 burn out exhaust, break down, fatigue
533 ensure guarantee, confirm, make sure
if someone or something is
subject to something,
534 subject to especially something bad, it is
possible or likely that they will
be affected by it
danger, jeopardy, hazard,
535 risk
threat
536 humanity people, humankind
the natural/animal/plant all of nature, or all animals or
537 plants considered as a group
world
millennium (plural: a period of 1000 years
538
millennia)
to change something, such as a
decision, judgment, or process
539 reverse
so that it is the opposite of
what it was before
540 no longer in the past but not now
relating to all the genes that
541 genomic are found in one type of living
thing
542 identical to alike, same, same #different
realistic, sensible, reasonable
543 practical
#impractical
544 approach method, tactic
545 template pattern, model
supplement, addition, insert,
546 insertion
attachment
element, component,
547 strand of
constituent, part
an animal or plant produced
548 hybrid from parents of different
breeds or types
549 base on/upon from which something else is
developed
become extinct, disappear,
550 die out
vanish #survive
complex, difficult, intricate
551 complicated
#simple
552 questionable doubtful, dubious, disputed
consequence, result,
553 outcome
conclusion
554 beg request, plead, ask for
555 actual real, genuine, authentic
556 point of aim, purpose, goal
substitute, substitution,
557 replacement
alternate #original
558 breeding propagation, reproduction
spread, disperse, fly away
559 scatter
#gather
a place made or chosen by a
560 nest bird to lay its eggs in and to
live in
a unit for measuring area,
561 hectare equal to 10,000 square metres
562 whereas while
563 disappearance vanishing, fading #appearance
bionetwork, ecology, system,
564 ecosystem
environment
to become worse in quality
because a bad situation is
565 suffer
affecting something or because
nobody is taking care of it
shortage, scarcity,
566 lack of
unavailability #excess
annoyance, interruption,
567 disturbance
intrusion
568 wreck destroy, ruin, break
least, smallest, minimum
569 minimal
#large
the act of growing again;
570 regrowth something that has grown
again
to let something remain in a
571 leave particular state, position, or
condition
not changing or making
572 stagnant progress, and continuing to be
in a bad condition
hostile, unfriendly, cold
573 unwelcoming
#friendly
change, grow, progress,
574 evolve to
develop #regress
renew, revive, redevelop
575 regenerate
#degenerate
to form a new type of plant or
animal from two existing
576 hybridize types, so that the new type has
some qualities from each of
the other types
577 nest to build or use a nest
hypothetically, theoretically,
578 in theory
on paper
to return something to an
579 re-establish earlier good condition or
position
thus, so, in that way, by this
580 thereby
means
581 habitat home, environment, territory
inhabitant, resident, local,
582 native
citizen #foreigner
flourish, prosper, grow well
583 thrive
#fail, deteriorate
someone or something that is
584 candidate likely to experience or get
something
585 woolly mammoth a large extinct elephant
586 revival recovery, rebirth, stimulation
587 focus on direct, aim, concentrate
the natural ability of a person,
animal, or plant to stop
588 resistance
diseases or difficult conditions
from harming them
to be different from something
589 differ
in some way
590 pinpoint locate, identify, determine
peculiarity, attribute,
591 trait
characteristic, feature
live, endure, persist, stay alive
592 survive
#perish
freezing, frozen, ice-cold,
593 icy
cold, glacial
the large flat areas of land in
594 tundra the north of russia, canada etc,
where it is very cold and there
are no trees
used after a noun to say that
595 -like something is similar to or
typical of the noun
importance, precedence,
596 priority
significance
protect, conserve, safeguard,
597 preserve
save
threatened, put in danger
598 endangered
#protected
599 expand enlarge, increase, spread out
600 range span, scale, extent
alteration, adjustment,
601 adaptation
modification
protecting, isolating, shielding
602 insulating
#exposing
the action or process of
603 repopulation
repopulating
the very large area of wet land
in the far northern parts of the
604 boreal forest
world that is covered with
conifer trees
type of animal that drinks milk
from its mother's body when it
605 mammal
is young. humans, dogs, and
whales are mammals.
release, production, discharge
606 emission
#absorption
to make a hole in something,
607 punch using a metal tool or other
sharp object
demolish, destroy, tear down
608 knock down
#build
609 grass a very common plant with thin
leaves that covers the ground
in fields and gardens and is
often eaten by animals
alleviate, lessen, ease,
610 mitigate
diminish #aggravate
if something solid melts or if
611 melt heat melts it, it becomes liquid
a layer of soil that is always
612 permafrost frozen in countries where it is
very cold
613 prospect possibility, potential, chance
capture/catch sb’s to make people feel very
614 interested and excited
imagination
used to emphasize that nothing
615 merely more than what you say is
involved
endanger, jeopardize, imperil,
616 be threaten with sth
put at risk #guard
to have an idea about who or
617 have sb/sth in mind (for sth) what you want for a particular
purpose
when someone or something is
618 rescue rescued from danger
discussion, argument,
619 debate
deliberation
in an early state of
620 emerging
development
621 various many, several, numerous
used to introduce a series of
622 in the first place points in an argument,
discussion etc
623 modification alteration, adjustment, change
involving or intended for a
624 mass very large number of people
unbelievable, tremendous,
625 incredible
enormous
based on your ideas about
626 moral what is right, rather than on
what is legal or practical
627 hazard risk, chance #protect
628 willing to prepared, ready #unwilling
to decide to do something even
629 take a risk though you know it may have
bad results
discovery, conclusion, result,
630 finding
outcome
relating to the way that your
631 psychological mind works and the way that
this affects your behaviour
someone who works or is
632 scientist
trained in science
expose, tell, make public,
633 reveal
disclose #conceal
the ability or tendency to think
that things are funny, or funny
634 humour
things you say that show you
have this ability
someone who has a sense of
humour often finds things
635 sense of humour
amusing, rather than being
serious all the time.
636 in response to sth reply, answer, reaction
something that makes
637 stimulus (plural: stimuli) someone or something move
or react
when people laugh, or the
638 laughter sound of people laughing
worldwide, widespread,
639 universal
general #local
640 exist be present, happen, occur
an animal that looks like a
641 rat
large mouse
642 chimp chimpanzee, ape, primate
a small, intelligent african ape
643 bonobo with black or brown fur,
similar to a chimpanzee
a strong human feeling such as
644 emotion love, hate, or anger
a look on someone's face that
645 expression shows what they are thinking
or feeling
the study of the mind and how
646 psychology it influences people's
behaviour
to include a variety of different
647 range from sth to sth things or people in addition to
those mentioned
648 neuroscience the scientific study of the brain
the way you think about
649 perception something and your idea of
what it is like
650 theory hypothesis, conjecture
center, concentrate on, target
651 focus on
#ignore
652 evolution
progress,
653 point to direct, aim, indicate
a film or television programme
654 adaptation that is based on a book or play
a funny programme on tv or
655 comedy show
radio
656 deal with cope with, handle, manage
657 unpredictable erratic, changeable, unstable
a live television or radio
programme is seen or heard on
658 live
television or radio at the same
time as it is actually happening
recorded laughter that is used
during a television show to
659 laugh track make it sound as if people are
laughing during the
performance
aim, propose, plan, anticipate,
660 intend to
expect
661 crowded too full of people or things
662 various many, several, numerous
663 mixture combination, mix, assortment
664 in doing so because of this
notice, point out, focus on
665 pick up on sth
#miss
666 communicate convey, reveal, share
extraordinary, amazing,
667 remarkable
outstanding,
directly relating to the subject
668 relevant or problem being discussed or
considered
research, investigation,
669 study
experiment
do, perform, accomplish, carry
670 conduct
out
671 sample example, model
672 pair of couple, duo, twosome
form, comprise, constitute,
673 make up
join up
someone who scientifically
studies humans and their
674 anthropologist
customs, beliefs, and
relationships
someone who studies or works
675 biologist
in biology
676 diverse different, distinct #similar
a particular large group of
677 society people who share laws,
organizations, customs etc
native, original, aboriginal
678 indigenous
#foreign
people, community, society,
679 tribe
population
680 city-dweller a person who lives in a city
someone who is taking part in
681 participant an activity or event
based on a calculation about
how many times something
usually happens, how much
682 on average
money someone usually gets,
how often people usually do
something etc
extraordinarily, amazingly,
683 remarkably
outstandingly
continuing to happen or
684 consistent develop in the same way
universal, international, global
685 worldwide
#local
686 approximately about, around, nearly #exactly
to be useful or helpful for a
687 serve as particular purpose or reason
a set of numbers, letters, or
symbols that shows what
688 code
something is or gives
information about it
689 complex complicated, difficult #simple
a system of organization in
which people or things are
690 hierarchy
divided into levels of
importance
your social or professional
691 status rank or position, considered in
relation to other people
view, opinion, feeling,
692 judgement
assessment
693 influence affect, inspire, shape
controlling or trying to control
694 dominant other people or things - used to
show disapproval
always willing to obey
someone and never
695 submissive
disagreeing with them, even if
they are unkind to you
accidentally, by chance
696 randomly
#deliberately
697 assign sb to sth allocate, give, dispense
comprise, constitute, combine,
698 be composed of sth unite, make up, put together,
consist of
all the people who work in a
699 fraternity particular profession or share a
particular interest
700 active involved, working
701 take a turn to go for a short walk or ride
702 tease joke, laugh
include, contain, comprise,
703 involve
consist of
slightly, a little, a bit
704 mildly
#considerably
abusive, offensive, rude
705 insulting
#polite
study, examination,
706 analysis
investigation
in the way that was planned or
707 as expected thought likely to happen
708 relative to in relation to, compared with
709 base on from which something else is
developed
novice, beginner, amateur,
710 newcomer
apprentice
711 teaser tease, joker, clown
how high or low a note or
712 pitch
other sound is
713 loud noisy, shrill #quiet
changeable, erratic, fluctuating
714 variable
#constant
the way your voice sounds,
715 tone which shows how you are
feeling or what you mean
someone who does a job
716 volunteer willingly without being paid
equivalent, identical, alike, the
717 equal
same #unequal
718 estimate guess, assess, reckon
719 laugher a person who laughs
if something changes in line
with something else, it
720 in line with sth
changes in the same way and
at the same rate as it
understand, comprehend,
721 perceive sth/sb to be sth realize, become aware of
722 particularly especially, specifically
value, evaluate, assess, rank,
723 rate
measure
show, present, demonstrate,
724 display
expose
against, as opposed to,
725 versus
contrasted with
in a way that helps to achieve
726 strategically a plan, for example in business
or politics
727 context situation, environment, setting
attain, realize, accomplish,
728 achieve
reach, get #fail
according to a particular
729 in the eyes of somebody
person or group
theory, supposition,
730 hypothesis
assumption, guess
731 respite from interval, break
boring, dull, uninteresting
732 tedious
#interesting
a period of time when you stop
733 break working in order to rest, eat
etc
734 facilitate ease, enable, help #impede
refill; to put new supplies into
735 replenishment something, or to fill something
again
736 resource reserve, supply, store, source
737 recruit hire, employ #lay off
apparently, supposedly,
738 ostensibly seemingly, allegedly #truly
739 experiment test, research, trial
740 perform do, make, implement
741 cross sth out delete, remove, erase
provoke, cause, produce,
742 elicit
stimulate
gladness, satisfaction,
743 contentment happiness, pleasure
#discontent
744 neutral unbiased, impartial #biased
a play, film, or television
745 comedy programme that is intended to
make people laugh
part of a play during which
746 scene there is no change in time or
place
truthful, realistic, real, based
747 factual
on fact
organization, running,
748 management administration, supervision
749 profession occupation, job, career, work
750 complete accomplish, fulfill, finish
determination, perseverance,
751 persistence
tenacity
a short description that gives
important details about a
752 profile
person, a group of people, or a
place
753 make an assessment judgement, review,
consideration, evaluation
consecutively, one after the
754 in a row other, successively,
uninterruptedly
successive, uninterrupted,
755 consecutive
sequential
to be in a particular situation,
state, or place after a series of
756 end up doing sth
events, especially when you
did not plan it
if you replicate someone's
work, a scientific study etc,
757 replicate
you do it again, or try to get
the same result again
a method of calculating in
which you add a number to
758 multiplication
itself a particular number of
times
done or made by a person
759 by hand
rather than a machine
funny, amusing, entertaining,
760 humorous
hilarious
one or the other of two things
761 either of
or people
762 relieve release, discharge, get rid of
pressure, strain, anxiety,
763 stress
tension, trauma
764 imply suggest, infer, indicate, hint at
765 distract sb/th from sth divert, sidetrack
completion, achievement,
766 accomplishment
attainment
767 conclude end, finish, close
the activity of causing to have
768 energizing energy and be active
someone who creates
769 sculptor
sculptures
770 leading important, foremost, chief, top
771 figure person, celebrity, individual
772 interest in attention, notice, curiosity
773 hope want, expect, wish
774 comply with obey, fulfill, stick to #disobey
775 train teach, instruct, guide
776 abandon cancel, end, stop
the big war fought in europe
between 1914 and 1918, which
777 the First World War
involved many different
countries
778 enroll join, register, sign up
the art of making objects out
779 sculpture of stone, wood, clay etc
780 appoint employ, hire, assign
781 award give, present
beside, together with,
782 alongside
combined with
783 instruction training, education
including a wide variety of
785 wide-ranging subjects, things, or people
antique, early, prehistoric,
786 ancient primeval #modern,
contemporary
ancient, prehistoric, original
787 primitive
#modern
788 turn away from to stop supporting someone, or
stop using or being interested
in something, or to make
someone do this
789 impress excite, amaze, influence
a mould into which you pour
liquid metal, plastic etc in
790 cast order to make an object of a
particular shape, or the object
made in this way
to bring your legs closer to
791 recline
your body
792 angle position, viewpoint
extremely interested by
793 fascinated
something or someone
innovation, novelty,
794 originality
uniqueness #unoriginality
795 possess own, have, hold #lack
796 carve sculpt, cut, slice, shape
a lot of things of the same type
797 a variety of sth that are different from each
other in some way
the thing or person that you
798 subject show when you paint a
picture, take a photograph etc
representation, picture,
799 depiction
illustration, drawing
something that covers your
face, and has another face
800 mask painted on it, which is used for
ceremonies or special
occasions
excellent, brilliant, special
801 exceptional
#ordinary
802 gain achieve, acquire, obtain, get
credit,
803 recognition
acknowledgement,respect
goal, purpose, intention,
804 aim
objective, target
persuade, sway, talk into
805 convince
#dissuade
value, worth, virtue
806 merit
#worthlessness
in an early state of
807 emerging
development
art that was produced in the
late 1860s through the 1970s
and that rejected traditionally
808 modern art accepted forms and
emphasized individual
experimentation and
sensibility.
building, construction,
809 architecture planning, structural design
to change from one opinion or
810 move away from way of thinking to another
811 experiment test, try out, conduct test
abstract paintings, designs etc
consist of shapes and patterns
812 abstract
that do not look like real
people or things
813 exhibition display, presentation, show
feeling or showing a lot of
814 enthusiastically interest and excitement about
something
815 welcome accept, appreciate #reject
colleague, companion, partner,
816 fellow
coworker
817 press media, newspapers
818 turn (sb/sth) into sth become, change into
infamous, disreputable
819 notorious
#famous
820 call for request, order, demand
an occasion when you
officially announce that you
821 resignation
have decided to leave your job
or
an organization, or a written an organization, or a written
822 statement that says you will statement that says you will be
be leaving leaving
823 contract agreement, deal, bond
824 expire finish, end, run out
825 department section, branch, sector
826 throughout during, in
a tendency to think or behave
827 inclination in a particular way
satisfy, delight, content
828 please
#displease
829 inspire motivate, encourage, arouse
830 distort change, alter
essential, fundamental,
831 radical
profound
832 at times sometimes
833 altogether completely, entirely, totally
a number of sheets of paper
834 sketchbook/sketchpad fastened together and used for
drawing
bear a (close/striking/uncanny
bear a etc)
835
(close/striking/uncanny etc)
836 resemblance to sb/sth look like
the main house on a farm,
837 farmhouse where the farmer lives
lack of, scarcity, deficiency,
838 a shortage of unavailability #excess
a solid substance such as
839 material wood, plastic, or metal
compel, oblige, make, drive,
840 force
impose
841 numerous many, plentiful, #few
a simple, quickly-made
842 sketch drawing that does not show
much detail
several books, articles etc that
deal with the same subject or
843 series
tell stories about the same
characters
844 miner mineworker, coalminer
845 offer propose, suggest, put forward
a request for an artist,
designer, or musician to make
846 commission
a piece of art or music, for
which they are paid
847 depict describe, illustrate, draw
848 signify indicate, show, denote
striking, remarkable,
849 dramatic impressive, extraordinary,
amazing
850 away from further than, outside
851 experimentation testing
the idea that people do not
852 humanistic need a god or religion to
satisfy their spiritual and
emotional needs)
what is being talked about in
853 subject matter speech or writing, or
represented in art
854 dozens of sth a lot of
experiment, research,
855 study
examination
a type of heavy sticky earth
856 clay that can be used for making
pots, bricks etc
857 cast mold, form, shape
a hard metal that is a mixture
858 bronze
of copper and tin
859 issue publish, release
860 edition version, publication, printing
861 available accessible, existing, presented
someone who collects things
862 collector that are interesting or
attractive
improvement, increase,
863 boost
enhancement
revenue, salary, profits
864 income
#expenditure
865 enable sb to do sth allow, permit, assist #prevent
to begin to have, use, or do
866 take on sth
something
an ambitious plan, idea etc
867 ambitious shows a desire to do
something good but difficult
868 work on sth improve, develop
869 scale level, range, degree, amount
870 demand require, need, want
reviewer, commentator,
871 critic evaluator, reporter, journalist
innovative, radical
872 revolutionary
#conventional
show, demonstrate, verify,
873 prove
confirm #disprove
emergence, arrival, beginning
874 appearance
#disappearance
sequence, chain, string,
875 series
progression
876 harsh ugly and unpleasant to look at
having sharp and definite
877 angular
corners #rounded
to make a small hole in or
878 pierce through something, using an
object with a sharp point
879 distinct different, dissimilar, separate
880 impression feeling, idea, though, sense
a threatening quality, feeling,
881 menace or way of behaving
882 vary change, alter, modify
883 warrior soldier, fighter
a piece of equipment made of
strong plastic, used by the
884 shield
police to protect themselves
against angry crowds
885 rare few, odd, unique
to achieve something because
886 owe sth to sb of what someone else has done
887 foundation organization, charity, institute
888 promote encourage, endorse, support
889 appreciation understanding, awareness,
grasp
890 display show, exhibit, present
891 achieve attain, accomplish, get #fail
according to critics who give
892 critical judgments about art, films,
theatre, and books
praise, approval,
893 acclaim
commendation #disapproval
894 regard sb/sth as sth consider, think
895
896 to be impressed with excite, amaze, astonish
897 rooftop the upper surface of a roof
using the power of the sun’s
898 solar
light and heat
a system for making a room or
899 heating
building warm
something absorbs light, heat,
900 absorb energy, or noise, it takes it in
a flat and usually round dish
901 plate that you eat from or serve food
on
warm, boil, cook, heat up
902 heat
#cool
home, family, house,
903 domestic
household #public
904 decade a period of 10 years
moveable, transportable,
905 portable
transferrable #fixed
clean, disinfect, sanitize,
906 purify decontaminate, refine
#contaminate
function, work, run, control,
907 operate
use
moveable, portable,
908 mobile
transportable #fixed
the process of removing salt
909 desalination from sea water so that people
can use it
a single complete product
910 unit
made by a company
a deep hole made using special
equipment, especially in order
911 borehole
to get water or oil out of the
ground
ingesting, feasting, feeding,
912 consumption
eating, ingestion
helpful, useful, beneficial
914 valuable
#worthless
915 groundwater water that is below the ground
916 reserve store, stock, supply
dirty, spoil, contaminate
917 pollute
#clean
918 seawater salty water from the sea
919 source supply, fund
accessible, existing, presented,
920 available open #unavailable
ecological, environmental,
921 sustainable green, organic #unsustainable
using or involving a lot of
922 large-scale effort, people, supplies etc
#small-scale
to make food, materials, or
goods ready to be used or sold,
923 process
for example by preserving or
improving them in some way
face, encounter, deal with
924 be confronted with sth
#avoid
huge, vast, massive, giant
925 enormous
#tiny
the amount of carbon dioxide
that a person or organization
produces by the things they
926 carbon footprint
do, used as a way of
measuring the amount of harm
they do to the environment
water that is pure enough for
927 drinking water
you to drink
928 sustain nourish, support, feed, nurture
a particular quality that
929 selling point something has which will
make people want to buy it
method, system, procedure,
930 technique
practice
931 generate make, produce, create
932 transport convey, bring, carry, transfer
933 flow run, pour, flood, stream
a very thin layer of liquid,
934 film powder etc on the surface of
something
935 sheet piece, page, pane
glass on a window or door in
two separate sheets with a
936 double glazing
space between them, used to
keep noise out and heat in
side, top, shell, exterior
937 surface
#inside
938 panel board, piece, pane, sheet, plate
a container for boiling water
939 boiler
that is part of a steam engine,
or is used to provide heating in
a house
working or moving using a
940 powered means of power such as
electricity, a motor etc
941 convert sth to/into sth change, alter, transform
water that has been made purer
by being heated until it
942 steam
becomes a gas and then cooled
until it becomes a liquid again
something that you pass water,
air etc through in order to
943 filter remove unwanted substances
and make it clean or suitable
to use
944 trap catch, entrap, confine
a very small piece of
945 particle
something
to move suddenly from side to
side or up and down, usually
946 shake
with a lot of force, or to make
something or someone do this
if something comes out, it is
947 come out removed from a place
a chemical which is believed
948 fluoride to help protect teeth against
decay
functioning, working,
949 performance
operation, running
950 transmit to convey, transfer
when a machine or vehicle is
951 servicing examined and things are done
to keep it working well
study, investigation,
952 analysis
examination
two-thirds of something is an
953 two-thirds amount that is two out of three
equal parts of it
acute, serious, dangerous,
954 severe
awful, terrible
a situation in which there is
955 scarcity not enough of something
pressure, anxiety, tension,
956 stress
worry
957 demand requirement, need, necessity
958 exceed surpass, outstrip, outdo
959 period phase, interval, time, stage
a factory or building where an
960 plant industrial process happens
conservation, preservation,
961 maintenance
protection
involving a lot of activity,
962 intensive effort, or careful attention in a
short period of time
a type of heavy oil used
instead of petrol in engines,
963 diesel
especially in trucks, buses, and
trains
964 aim at target, aim for, focus on
965 variety type, kind, class
966 homeowner someone who owns their home
967 constant stable, steady, regular
968 live off sb/sth rely on, depend on
the network of electricity
969 grid supply wires that connects
power stations and provides
electricity to buildings in an
area
970 rural country, countryside #urban
business, business-related, for
971 commercial
profit, trade
972 version type, kind, sort
the way the parts of a machine
or system work together, or
973 in operation
the process of making a
machine or system work
work or study that is done in
the field is done in the real
974 field
world rather than in a class or
laboratory
do, perform, complete,
975 carry out
accomplish #neglect
the total amount of trade in a
976 market particular kind of goods
able to provide all the things
977 self-sufficient you need without help from
other people
978 twofold having two important parts
have enough money, pay for,
979 afford meet the expense of
completely, entirely, totally,
980 outright
fully #partially
a system that allows people in
poor countries to borrow small
981 microfinance
amounts of money to help
them start a small business
middle-income people have
982 middle-income incomes that are not high and
not low
983 lease rent, hire, charter
984 equipment kit, tools, gear
985 hook up connect, link up #disconnect
relating to or belonging to the
986 municipal government of a town or city
dependable, consistent,
987 reliable trustworthy #undependable
on a regular/daily/weekly etc every day, week etc
988
basis
a small area of trade within the
989 niche market economy, often involving
specialized products
water that comes out of a tap
990 tap water
rather than a bottle
991 military army, armed forces, navy
change, alter, fluctuate,
992 vary
modify #standardize
993 depend on rely on, hinge on, rest on
contract, transaction,
994 deal
agreement
995 aid help, support, relief
bargain, discuss, consult,
996 negotiate
confer, reach a deal
997 come in at to cost a particular amount
a new business activity that
998 venture involves taking risks
purpose, goal, aim, objective,
999 mission
duty
conscious, mindful, cognizant
1000 aware #unaware, unconscious
imagine, visualize, foresee,
1001 envision
predict
practical purpose for which a
1002 application machine, idea etc can be used,
or a situation when this is used
concerned with improving bad
living conditions and
1003 humanitarian
preventing unfair treatment of
people
1004 sector part, segment
continue, ensue, keep on,
1005 proceed
progress, go on
a viable idea, plan, or method
1006 viable can work successfully
used to tell someone what the
most important part of a
1007 the bottom line
situation is, or what the most
important thing to consider is
bear in mind, remember,
1008 keep in mind
consider
construct, establish, build,
1009 base
found
the person with the highest
1010 chief executive rank in a company or an
organization
to collect money that you can
1011 raise use to do a particular job or
help people
money that is provided by an
1012 funding organization for a particular
purpose
1013 so far until now
1014 field area, topic
a children’s story in which
1015 fairy tale magical things happen
entertain, interest, fascinate
1016 amuse
#bore
worldwide, widespread,
1017 universal
general
lasting, continuing, long-term
1018 enduring
#short-lived
attractiveness, attraction,
1019 appeal influence, fascination
#repulsion
1020 due to because of, owing to, thanks to
thought-provoking, important,
1021 serious
significant
1022 a variety of sth that are different from each
other in some way
a part of a coat, jacket etc that
1023 hood you can pull up to cover your
head
to have a good knowledge or
1024 be familiar with sth understanding of something
a wild animal that looks like a
1025 wolf large dog and lives and hunts
in groups
go on, continue, keep going
1026 run on
#stop
1027 dispose of kill, murder, assassinate
to enter a place, especially
1028 get into
when this is difficult
1029 dress in put on, wear #take off
1030 version type, kind, form, style
to take someone or something
1031 swallow up sb/sth in so that it is destroyed or no
longer independent
to prevent someone from
1032 lock sb in (sth) leaving a room or building by
locking the door
1033 cupboard storeroom, closet
to defeat someone or deal
1034 get the better of somebody successfully with a problem
1035 on one’s own without anyone’s help
a person who hunts wild
1036 hunter animals, or an animal that
hunts other animals for food
someone whose job is to cut
1037 woodcutter down trees in a forest
to save someone who is in a
come to the dangerous situation
1038
rescue/somebody’s rescue
a story about exciting

1039 tale
imaginary events
to believe or say that a
1040 attribute sth to sb/sth situation or event is caused by
something
1041 cautionary warning, deterrent, advisory
an example of a particular
1042 in the case of sth situation or of something
happening
1043 survival existence #death
1044 relevant related, applicable # irrelevant
someone who scientifically
studies humans and their
1045 anthropologist
customs, beliefs, and
relationships
suggest/say/think/decide etc to say, think, or decide
1046 something different
otherwise
enormous, vast, gigantic,
1047 huge
massive, giant #tiny
a big difference between two
1048 gap situations, amounts, groups of
people etc
the time in history before
1049 prehistory anything was written down
the activity of writing, telling,
1050 storytelling
or reading stories
1051 genre type, sort, kind, category, field
extremely, unbelievably,
1052 incredibly
extraordinarily
very old, prehistoric, primeval
1053 ancient #modern, contemporary
1054 folklorist someone who studies folklore
1055 academic educational, scholastic
1056 devise invent, create, think up
1057 theory concept, scheme, idea, belief
to take or copy someone's
ideas, words etc and use them
1058 borrow sth from sb
in your own work, language
etc
1059 technique method, system, procedure
relating to the way in which
ideas or situations gradually
1060 evolutionary
change and develop over a
long period of time
someone who studies or works
1061 biologist
in biology
understand, comprehend,
1062 work sth out
make sense of
1063 organism creature, living thing
1064 compare evaluate, judge, assess
1065 characteristic trait, feature, quality
1066 species class, type, kind, sort
procedure, progression, course
1067 process
of action
based on natural evolutionary
1068 phylogenetic
relationships
examination, study,
1069 analysis
investigation
change, grow, progress,
1070 evolve
develop #regress
1071 element part, section, component
live, continue, last, persist
1072 survive
#perish
alternative, variation,
1073 variant
modification
1074 similar alike, comparable #dissimilar
to be in a particular situation,
state, or place after a series of
1075 end up with sth
events, especially when you
did not plan it
a system for preserving a
group's beliefs, customs, and
history, in which parents tell
1076 oral tradition
their children about them, and
the children tell their children,
and so on
found, start, create, begin,
1077 establish
launch, set up
1078 indeed really, certainly, definitely
search, study, investigate,
1079 explore
survey
change, modify, vary
1080 alter
#maintain
1081 test examine, assess, investigate,
analyze
1082 assumption supposition, hypothesis, theory
feature, part, characteristic,
1083 aspect
piece, trait
less than anything or anyone
1084 least
else
signify, imply, suggest, reveal,
1085 indicate
show
crucial, main, most important
1086 central
#unimportant
a person in a book, play, film
1087 character
etc
1088 relative a member of your family
frightening, creepy, terrifying
1089 scary
#reassuring
pretending to be somebody
1090 in disguise else, undercover, incognito
important, essential, vital,
1091 fundamental
major, necessary
1092 sibling brother, sister, family member
considerable, large, major, big
1093 significant
#paltry
proportion, amount,
1094 rate
percentage, ratio
development, growth, progress
1095 evolution
#regression
occurrence, happening,
1096 incident
episode, event
1097 episode occurrence, incidence, event
steady, unchanging, constant
1098 stable
#changeable
vital, critical, central, essential,
1099 crucial important, necessary #trivial
easily, spontaneously, without
1100 freely
restrictions
if results, facts, studies etc
1101 support support an idea or view, they
show or prove that it is correct
unit, segment, sector,
1102 section
fragment, part #whole
preserve, save, keep, maintain
1103 conserve
#destroy
the ability to change or be
1104 flexibility changed easily to suit a
different situation
amazement, astonishment,
1105 surprise
shock
1106 study research, report, findings
a member of a group of people
that lives by hunting and
looking for plants that can be
1107 hunter-gatherer
eaten, rather than by keeping
animals for food or by
growing crops
a story that parents have
passed on to their children
1108 folk tale
through speech over many
years
1109 narrative story, tale
risk, peril, threat,
1110 danger
endangerment #safety
confront, encounter, meet,
1111 face
tackle, handle #avoid
1112 stuff things, objects, matter
a person, plan etc that is
1113 flexible flexible can change or be
changed easily to suit any new
situation #inflexible
1114 seemingly apparently, outwardly #really
unimportant, small, minor,
1115 trivial insignificant, slight, negligible
#crucial
copy, replicate, duplicate,
1116 reproduce
imitate, mimic
all people of about the same
1117 generation
age
1118 appear seem, look, look like
terror, dread, horror, anxiety,
1119 fear distress, panic #assurance
describing or showing
1120 blood-thirsty
violence
horrible, dreadful, frightening,
1121 gruesome
grisly #pleasant
1122 turn out to be sth end up, become
maintain, keep, sustain, save,
1123 preserve
conserve #destroy
hold, preserve, maintain, save,
1124 retain
keep
1125 storyteller teller, narrator, teller of tales
1126 feature characteristic, aspect, element
1127 oral spoken, verbal #written
setting, situation, framework,
1128 context
circumstance
1129 swallow ingest, consume, eat
1130 cut out of sth remove, take away, take out
a gripping film, story etc is
1131 gripping very exciting and interesting
continue, persist, keep on, go
1132 remain
on #stop
1133 no matter how/whether/what used to say that something is
true or that something happens
etc
whatever the situation is
not persuaded that something
1134 unconvinced
is true or good
1135 view opinion, viewpoint, idea
if something sticks, it becomes
1136 stick fixed in one position and is
difficult to move
to be important, especially to
1137 matter be important to you, or to have
an effect on what happens
recurrent, constant, regular
1138 perennial
#occasional
1139 theme subject, topic, idea, thesis
someone who has been
1140 victim attacked, robbed, or murdered
1141 point out indicate, show, reveal, identify
1142 case example, illustration, instance
the main bad character in a
1143 villain
film, play, or story
1144 finding discovery, result, conclusion
ethical, good, honest,
1145 moral
principled #immoral
frighten, terrify, panic
1146 scare
#reassure
look for, seek, search for, hunt
1147 seek out
for
1148 constant staying the same
boost, bolster, increase,
1149 build up
develop
the natural ability of a person,
1150 resistance animal, or plant to stop
diseases or difficult conditions
from harming them
The huarango tree (Prosopis
pallida) is native to semi-arid
1151 huarango
areas of Colombia, Ecuador
and Peru
dry, parched, waterless,
1152 arid
scorched #humid
1153 return reappearance, reoccurrence
indigenous, local, aboriginal,
1154 native
resident #foreign
1155 narrow thin, slim, slender #wide
1156 strip a long narrow area of land
a large area of land where it is
1157 desert always very hot and dry, and
there is a lot of sand
to try to make something fit
into a space that is too small,
1158 squeeze
or to try to get into such a
space
1159 fragile frail, weak, feeble #strong
bionetwork, ecology,
1160 ecosystem
environment
happening through the whole
1161 year-round
year
1162 source supply, fund, resource
1163 surface exterior, shell, top, face
suitable, well-matched,
1164 suited to
appropriate, fit
1165 stretch reach, extend, reach out
1166 suck to take air, liquid etc into your
mouth by making your lips
form a small hole and using
the muscles of your mouth to
pull it in
the layer of soil between the
1167 subsoil ground’s surface and the lower
layer of hard rock
make, generate, produce
1168 create
#destroy
A person engaged in
1169 Archaeobotanist
archaeobotany
1170 study examine, investigate, analyze
1171 landscape scenery, scene, surroundings
antique, prehistoric, primeval,
1172 ancient age-old #modern,
contemporary
eating habits, pattern of eating,
1173 diet
food and drink
1174 reach get, stretch to, touch
1175 withstand endure, survive, bear
a long period of dry weather
when there is not enough
1176 drought
water for plants and animals to
live
a plant such as wheat, rice, or
1177 crop fruit that is grown by farmers
and used as food
slowly, progressively, steadily
1178 gradually
#rapidly
exchange, substitute, use
1179 replace sth with sth
instead
reduce, decrease #increase,
1180 cut down
expand
1181 woodland forest
1182 lead to cause, bring about, result in
the process by which rock or
1183 erosion
soil is gradually destroyed by
wind, rain, or the sea
1184 in place in the correct position
1185 go die, pass away #live
turn out to be, become,
1186 turn into
develop into
critical, crucial, necessary,
1187 vital important #unimportant
near the place where you are
1188 neighbouring or the place you are talking
about; nearby
a small hard object produced
1189 seed by plants, from which a new
plant of the same kind grows
a long narrow seed container
1190 pod that grows on various plants,
especially peas and beans
1191 bark the outer covering of a tree
a medical treatment made with
1192 herbal remedy
herbs
a part of a tree that grows out
from the trun (=main stem)
1193 branch and that has leaves, fruit, or
smaller branches growing
from it
a black substance made of
1194 charcoal burnt wood that can be used as
fuel
the thick central woody stem
1195 trunk
of a tree
1196 disappear vanish, withdraw #appear
1197 rapidly quickly, fast, speedily #slowly
1198 majority most of the people or things in
a group
petroleum, oil, coal, gas,
1199 fuel
energy, gasoline
farming, cultivation, crop
1200 agriculture
growing
firstly, originally, at first
1201 initially
#finally
a piece of land used for
1202 smallholding farming, that is smaller than an
ordinary farm
enormous, vast, gigantic,
1203 huge
giant, colossal #tiny
someone whose job is to make
1204 botanist scientific studies of wild plants
in cooperation with, in
1205 together with
company with
manage, lead, organize,
1206 run
control
1207 pioneering new, innovative, revolutionary
1208 restore reinstate, return, bring back
1209 habitat environment, habitation, home
involved with something or
1210 on board working for an organization
1211 overcome beat, defeat, triumph over
bias, preconception,
1212 prejudice
prejudgment
ambitious, aspiring, motivated
1213 aspirational
#unambitious
1214 encourage urge, persuade, promote
1215 process revival, recovery
1216 set up establish, launch
restore, return, reestablish,
1217 reinstate
recall
satisfaction, pleasure, delight,
1218 a sense of pride
enjoyment
1219 eco- relating to the environment
the traditional beliefs, values,
1220 heritage customs etc of a family,
country, or society
1221 restoration reinstatement, return
1222 attempt to do sth try, endeavor, struggle
able to continue for a long
1223 sustainable
time
1224 income revenue, salary, profits
food - used especially when
1225 foodstuff talking about the business of
producing or selling food
to heat food or a liquid until it
1226 boil sth up
begins to boil
a thick sticky sweet liquid,
1227 syrup eaten on top of or mixed with
other foods
a thick dark sweet liquid that
is obtained from raw sugar
1228 molasses
plants when they are being
made into sugar
a hot meal made by cooking
1229 stew meat and vegetables slowly in
liquid for a long time
to press something onto a
1230 grind sth into sth surface and rub it with a strong
twisting movement
a powder that is made by
crushing wheat or other grain
1231 flour
and that is used for making
bread, cakes etc
1232 roast bake, cook
tasting or smelling of
1233 chocolatey
chocolate
1234 pack package, wrap
a natural substance such as
iron that is present in some
1235 mineral
foods and is important for
good health
1236 owner someone who owns something
1237 certify confirm, verify, declare
natural, unrefined, pure, raw
1238 organic
#artificial
1239 relatively comparatively, quite, fairly
to have a particular amount of
1240 live on sth money to buy food and other
necessary things
expand, extend, develop
1241 grow
#shrink
to buy shares, property, or
goods because you hope that
1242 invest sth in sth
the value will increase and you
can make a profit
1243 even if whether or not
1244 convince persuade, sway #dissuade
a strong feeling of liking
1245 fall in love with someone a lot combined with
sexual attraction
1246 threat of menace, intimidation, risk
to go straight from one side of
1247 cut across an area to another instead of
going around
disperse, separate, split up
1248 break up
#unite
1249 corridor a narrow area of land between
cities or countries that has
different qualities or features
from the land around it
important, crucial, critical
1250 essential
#unnecessary
a type of animal that drinks
milk from its mother’s body
1251 mammal
when it is young. Humans,
dogs, and whales are mammals
because you hope that you will
1252 in the hope of
do something
1253 counteract counter, lessen, reduce
1254 persuade convince, encourage, sway
management, control,
1255 usage
handling, use
if a liquid evaporates, or if
1256 evaporation heat evaporates it, it changes
into a gas
1257 refuge sanctuary, shelter, protection
relating to or using living
1258 bio-
things
1259 insect bug, pest, creature
the variety of plants and
1260 biodiversity animals in a particular place
to be able to do something
be in a position to do
1261 because you have the ability,
something
money, or power to do it
to develop in your life, and
1262 move on from change your relationships,
interests, activities etc
1263 rainforest a tropical forest with tall trees
that are very close together,
growing in an area where it
rains a lot
1264 expanse area, region
be confined to to exist only in a particular
1265 area or group of people
somewhere/sth
1266 grow up grow, develop
1267 exploit use, utilize #waste
if people or things have
potential, they have a natural
1268 potential ability or quality that could
develop to make them very
good
to make a new product
1269 roll sth out available for people to buy or
use
to have enough time to do
1270 afford to do sth
something
a high sound made by blowing
a whistle, by blowing air out
1271 whistle through your lips, or when air
or steam is forced through a
small opening
1272 situate position, place, locate
1273 coast shore, seaside #interior
relating to or caused by a
1274 volcanic
volcano
a mountainous area has a lot of
1275 mountainous
mountains
a road, hill etc that is steep
1276 steep slopes at a high angle
covered with rocks or made of
1277 rocky
rock
a piece of ground or a surface
1278 slope
that slopes
1279 wooded woody, forested, timbered
a deep narrow valley with
1280 ravine
steep sides
1281 rise to be very tall
1282 peak top, summit, apex #base
1283 means method, way
1284 transmit convey, spread, transfer
1285 adapt to adjust, change, modify
extreme west/end/left etc=the
1286 extreme west/end/left etc part furthest to the west,
nearest the end etc
1287 terrain land, territory, ground
to provide new information
throw/shed/cast light on
1288 that makes a difficult subject
something
or
problem easier to understand
1289 problem easier to understand
trigger, make active, start
1290 activate
#stop
1291 normally usually, typically, generally
be associated (with to be related to a particular
1292 subject, activity etc
somebody/something)
extraordinarily, amazingly,
1293 remarkably outstandingly, astonishingly
#unremarkably
1294 flexible adaptable, elastic #rigid
to believe that something
someone does or something
1295 interpret sth as sth
that happens has a particular
meaning
to use a place, time, money etc
1296 dedicate to only for a particular purpose
1297 scope of range of, scale of
1298 signal sign, hint, indication
acknowledge, understand,
1299 recognize
comprehend
one of two or more people
1300 co-author who write a book, article,
report, etc. together
a professor at an american
university whose job is above
1301 associate professor the level of assistant professor
and below the level of
professor
the study of the mind and how
1302 psychology it influences people's
behaviour
alternative, replacement,
1303 substitute for
surrogate
put (something, especially a
1304 recode computer program) into a
different code
the number of radio waves,
1305 frequency sound waves etc that pass any
point per second
1306 tone pitch, sound
1307 whistler a person or thing that whistles
1308 pitch tone, note
to hold something in your
1309 cup hands, so that your hands form
part of a circle around it
1310 adjust change, modify, amend
the state of being unclear,
1311 ambiguity in confusing, or not certain, or
things that produce this effect
1312 lead chief, main, principal
recognize, perceive,
1313 distinguish
understand
1314 rely on depend on
1315 repetition repeat, duplication, recurrence
the ability to notice something
1316 awareness of using your senses
the situation, events, or
information that are related to
1317 context
something and that help you to
understand it
someone whose job is to take
1318 shepherd
care of sheep
remote, inaccessible, lonely
1319 isolated
#nearby
generally people who live in
1320 mountain folk
mountainous areas
new, innovative, unusual,
1321 novel
unique
a way of doing or achieving
1322 means of
something
to have the latest information
1323 stay in touch (with sth) or knowledge about something
1324 pass deliver, spread
astonishing, amazing,
1325 surprising
extraordinary #expected
1326 via an order that should be obeyed
1327 prove show, demonstrate
1328 occur happen, appear
critical, crucial, important
1329 vital
#unimportant
a clinical specialty concerned
1330 neuroimaging with producing images of the
brain by noninvasive
techniques (such as computed
tomography and magnetic
resonance imaging)
compare, distinguish,
1331 contrast
differentiate
(anatomy) near the temple(s)
1332 temporal at the side of the head
a round part of an organ in
1333 lobe your body, especially in your
brain or lungs
1334 engage involve, participate, take part
1335 region area, section, zone
1336 respond to react to, reply
1337 in response to sth reply, answer, reaction
a language that uses hand
movements instead of spoken
1338 sign language
words, used by people who
cannot hear well
physically unable to hear
1339 deaf anything or unable to hear well
1340 experiment test, research
the act of making something
1341 activation start or making it start working
1342 observe perceive, see, watch
1343 evidence proof, data
the ability to change or be
1344 flexibility changed easily to suit a
different situation
ability, capability, aptitude
1345 capacity
#inability
1346 a variety of sth
that are different from each
other in some way
1347 form type, kind, way
one of the two halves of your
1348 hemisphere
brain
exclusively, distinctively,
1349 uniquely
#commonly
separate, unconnected,
1350 independent
unrelated
a particular way of doing or
1351 modality experiencing something
non- =used to say that
someone or something is not a
1352 non-
particular thing, or does not do
a particular thing
1353 grab grasp, take
1354 multiple numerous, many, various #few
the country, race, or type of
1355 origin family which someone comes
from
unclear, ambiguous, vague
1356 obscure
#clear
native, original, aboriginal
1357 indigenous
#foreign
capture, occupy, take control
1358 conquer
of #surrender
1359 survive live, continue, last #perish
a small area or amount of
1360 pocket something that is different
from what surrounds it
a machine, place etc that is in
1361 be in use
use is being used
1362 scientifically version, edition, variation
1363 dense thick
signify, characterize,
1364 represent
symbolize #misrepresent
fundamental, primary, earliest
1365 original
#last
extensively, generally,
1366 widely
commonly #narrowly
accessible, obtainable, existing
1367 available
#unavailable
endanger, jeopardize, put at
1368 threaten
risk #guard
1369 extinction death, disappearance #survival
decline, decrease, diminish,
1370 dwindle
fall
someone who speaks fluent
1371 fluent french etc speaks it like a
person from that country
an official organization or a
government department that
1372 authority has the power to make
decisions, and has particular
responsibilities
one of a series of things that
1373 step you do in order to deal with a
problem or to succeed
1374 ensure guarantee, confirm, make sure
1375 survival existence, persistence #death
a school in the us where basic
1376 elementary school subjects are taught for the first
six years of a child's education
residents, citizens, natives
1377 locals
#strangers
seek (sb's) to ask someone for advice or
1378 help
advice/help/assistance etc
native, indigenous, resident
1379 local
#foreign
the people or organizations
1380 the authorities that are in charge of a
particular country or area
announce, assert, affirm,
1381 declare
proclaim
protect, conserve, save
1382 preserve
#destroy
humankind, people,
1383 humanity
civilization
1384 practice habit, custom, way, method
company, corporation,
1385 business
organization
1386 shape influence, affect, form
1387 fundamental basic, primary, elementary
to seem bad or unacceptable to
1388 offend
someone
1389 sense of a feeling about something
fairness in the way people are
1390 justice
treated
1391 depend on rely on, count on #mistrust
1392 circumstance context, situation, condition
increase, expand, raise
1393 maximize
#minimize
continuing for only a short
time, or relating only to the
1394 short term
period that is not very far into
the future
a situation that exists,
1395 it is the case (that) especially as it affects a
particular person or group
1396 fishermen someone who catches fish as a
sport or as a job
1397 unmanaged not controlled or regulated
a part of the sea where fish are
1398 fishery caught in large numbers
an official limit on the number
1399 quota or amount of something that is
allowed in a particular period
a company that fells trees and
1400 logging company
sells timber
1401 lease rent, hire, charter
thick forest that grows in hot
1402 tropical rainforest
parts of the world
if something has particula
characteristics or features in
1403 in places
places, it has them at several
points within an area.
using your power in a
dishonest or illegal way in
1404 corrupt
order to get an advantage for
yourself
administrator, representative,
1405 official
officer
unexperienced, inexperienced,
1406 unsophisticated ingenuous, simple
#sophisticated
property-owner, landlord,
1407 landowner owner, proprietor #tenant
1408 regulation rule, law
efficient, successful, helpful
1409 effective
#ineffective
ecologically, globally,
1410 environmentally
biologically, naturally
to be more successful than
1411 out-compete someone or something
1412 the reverse contrary, opposite
1413 blame criticize, condemn #praise
disregard, overlook, pay no
1414 ignore
attention to
an organization that gives
1415 charity money, goods, or help to
people who are poor, sick etc
a profit-making organization
1416 profit-making or business makes a profit
businesses that are owned by
1417 publicly owned companies many people who have bought
shares in them
someone who owns shares in a
1418 shareholder company or business
1419 under obligation to duty, responsibility
1420 profit income, revenue, return #loss
used to say that something will
1421 provided that only be possible if something
else happens or is done
lawful, permissible, authorized
1422 legal
#illegal
1423 means way, method
1424 director manager, leader, boss
lawfully, officially, validly
1425 legally
#illegally
accountable, legally
1426 liable
responsible
1427 term call, name, label
an action that breaks a law,
1428 breach
rule, or agreement
1429 fiduciary someone who is responsible
for the assets of people,
organizations etc and, by law,
must protect their interests
1430 responsibility duty, accountability
intentionally, deliberately,
1431 knowingly
consciously
to make a legal claim against
someone, especially for
1432 sue
money, because they have
harmed you in some way
least, smallest, lowest
1433 minimum
#maximum
1434 wage salary, income, earnings
the place where a trial is held,
or the people there, especially
the judge and the jury who
1435 court
examine the evidence and
decide whether someone is
guilty or not guilty
announce, assert, state,
1436 declare
proclaim
concerned with improving bad
living conditions and
1437 humanitarian
preventing unfair treatment of
people
1438 sentiment feeling, attitude
1439 stockholder shareholder, owner, investor
1440 ultimate fundamental, essential, basic
something that must exist or
1441 condition happen first, before something
else can happen
1442 destructive harmful, negative, damaging
strategy, rule, procedure,
1443 policy
program
at a time that is far away in the
1444 in the long run
future
someone who works in
1445 politician politics, especially an elected
member of the government
1446 unprofitable making no profit
unlawful, banned, illegitimate
1447 illegal
#legal
able to continue without
1448 sustainable causing damage to the
environment
producing a profit or a useful
1449 profitable
result
ordinary people who do not
work for the government or
1450 the public
have any special position in
society
1451 harm damage, injure, destroy #help
1452 disaster calamity, tragedy, catastrophe
1453 spill fall, drop, leak
shore, coastline, seaside
1454 coast
#interior
1455 prefer favor, desire, choose
in a way that causes little or no
damage to the environment
1456 sustainably
and therefore able to continue
for a long time
1457 poor worse than usual
all of a person’s or
organization’s past
1458 track record
achievements, successes, or
failures, which
show how well they have done
show how well they have something in the past and how
done something in the past well they are likely to do in the
1459
and how well they are likely future
to do in the future
feeling uncomfortable because

1460 ashamed of someone does something that
embarrasses you
to say that you are annoyed,
1461 complain to not satisfied, or unhappy about
something or someone
1462 award give, grant
1463 valuable important, valued #worthless
1464 contract agreement, deal
1465 press pressure, force, urge, oblige
to officially accept a law or
1466 pass proposal, especially by voting
apply, impose, implement,
1467 enforce
carry out
1468 require oblige, force, demand
1469 in turn one after another, sequentially
1470 exert use, apply, utilize
influential, controlling,
1471 powerful
dominant
an attempt to persuade
1472 pressure on someone by using influence,
arguments, or threats
provider, contractor, seller
1473 supplier
#consumer
1474 concerned about anxious, worried
expansion, growth,
1475 spread of
mushrooming
1476 transmit transfer, spread, pass on
1477 infected contaminated, polluted
to formally present a possible
1478 introduce new law to be discussed
1479 rule law, regulation, instruction
1480 demand require, command
1481 abandon discard, dispose of #keep
1482 associated with related, connected
danger, jeopardy, peril, threat
1483 risk
#safety
a person whose job is
1484 packer wrapping or tying items or
putting them in containers
1485 refuse to reject, say no #accept
to state that something is true,
1486 claim (that) even though it has not been
proved
1487 obey follow, submit #disobey
1488 major main, key, chief #minor
food such as hamburgers
which is prepared quickly and
1489 fast-food
that you can take away with
you
1490 purchase of buy, acquire #sell
1491 plummet fall, drop, crash #climb
1492 comply obey, submit #disobey
1493 task job, duty, mission
1494 identify recognize, find, detect
1495 supply chain the system of people and
things that are involved in
getting a product from the
place where it is made to the
person who buys it
easily affected or damaged by
1496 sensitive something such as a substance
or temperature
a number of shops, hotels,
cinemas etc owned or
1497 chain
managed by the same
company or person
1498 miner mineworker, coalminer
1499 disappointed dissatisfied, upset #pleased
annoyed, irritated, angry
1500 outraged
#calm
1501 necessity requirement, must, essential
1502 cover include, comprise, contain
additional, extra,
1503 added
supplementary #less
1504 sound complete and thorough
1505 in accordance with according to a rule, system etc
1506 moral ethical, right #immoral
1507 principle rule, law
1508 lead to cause, bring about, result in
1509 politically in a political way
compound, multifaceted
1510 complex
#simple
1511 arise happen, occur, appear
1512 precisely exactly, correctly, accurately
1513 explicit clear, precise, exact #vague
1514 behavior manner, action, performance
to give someone official or
1515 empower legal authority, or the freedom
or confidence to do sth
1516 hopeful promising, positive #hopeless
with very strong beliefs about
what is right and wrong,
1517 moralistic especially when this makes
you judge other people’s
behaviour
having many good qualities
1518 admirable that you respect and admire
caring only about yourself and
1519 selfish not about other people - used
to show disapproval
to begin to have a feeling or
1520 come to do sth
opinion
anticipate, look forward to,
1521 expect
demand
to officially give someone
something such as a prize or
1522 reward
money to reward them for
something they have done
forecast, foresee, envisage,
1523 predict
expect
1524 attitude mindset, viewpoint, thought
1525 essential key, main, critical

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Vocabulary Cam 15

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STT Vocabulary Meaning Vietnamese meaning Note

a brown powder made from

able to continue without

a story about exciting

feeling uncomfortable because

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