Acids and Bases

NAMING, THE PH SCALE, INDICATORS, AND

NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS!
 Acids

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when

mixed in water

Physical Properties:
 Sour tasting
 Water soluble
 Good conductors of electricity, therefore electrolytes
 ACIDS

 Acidic properties are caused by the H+

ions

eg. HCl in water becomes an acid by

dissociation

HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

 What is dissociation?

It is the breaking up of molecules into individual

ions when dissolved in water.

CH3COOH(aq) → H+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)

 Acids

Examples:
 Bases

Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when

mixed in water. Also called alkaline.

Physical Properties:
 Bitter tasting
 Slippery to the touch when in solution
 Water soluble
 Good conductors of electricity, therefore electrolytes
 BASES

basic properties are caused by OH- ions

eg. NaOH in water becomes a base by

dissociation.

NaOH(aq) →Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

 Bases

Examples:
 Chemical Indicators

Are solutions that

change colour in acids
and in bases

Can be either natural or

synthetic
 Chemical Indicators

Litmus paper:

Base turns it Blue!

Acid turns it Red!

 UNIVERSAL INDICATOR
is a mixture of chemicals
that changes colour
through a wide range of
pH values
 The pH scale

A numerical scale used to show how acidic or

basic a solution is
pH stands for “power of hydrogen”
 The pH scale

pH is a logarithmic scale which means that every

unit on the scale represents a tenfold (10X) effect
on the concentration of the solution
Question:
 If the pH of a solution drops from 5 to 4, has the acidity
increased or decreased?
 A: Increased
 By how much has the concentration of hydrogen ion
changed?
 A: by a factor of 10 (10x increase in acidity)

 If the pH of a solution increases from 7 to 9, by how

much has the concentration of hydrogen ions changed?
 A: 100x more basic (less acidic)
 Neutralization Reactions

A type of double displacement reaction

Acid + Base  Water + Salt

 Neutralization
Reactions

A salt is an ionic compound that is neither an acid

nor a base. The pH of the products of neutralization
is around 7 (neutral).

HCl + NaOH  HOH + NaCl

hydrochloric + sodium  water + sodium
acid hydroxide chloride
 Naming Acids

 Acid
 Compound that forms H+ in water.
 Formula usually begins with ‘H’.

 Examples:
 HCl, HNO3, H2SO4
B. Acid Names
 B. Acid Names

 HBr (aq)
 -ide  hydrobromic acid

 H2CO3 (aq)
 -ate  carbonic acid
 C. Acid Formulas

 hydrofluoric acid
 -ide  HF

 sulfuric acid
 -ate  H2SO4
 Practice

Homework:
Worksheet questions

Textbook:
Read 194-201
Q1-5 pg 197, Q-1-2 pg
200, Q1-2 pg 201