KEBUTUHAN ENERGI/GIZI,

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

 Agenda


 Useful links

 fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-
proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspac
e.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252F
CXS%2B192-1995%252FCXS_192e.pdf


Manusia dengan kebutuhan energi berlainan

Depends on


 HOW to determine
FOOD the status of
PYRAMID nutrient?

Less/PROPER/Excessive???

ENERGY NEEDS
 LANGKAH-LANGKAH
MENGHITUNG DIANJURKAN RATA-RATA PER
KEBUTUHAN ENERGI ORANG PER HARI

1.

2.



Menerjemahkan kebutuhan energi dalam pola
makan sehari-hari


MAHASISWI THP UNDIP

USIA 21 TAHUN, TINGGI
CONTOH KASUS 160 BERAT 54 KG DALAM
 KONDISI SEHAT.
LIHAT TABEL HASILNYA :
MAHASISWI TERSEBUT
MEMERLUKAN ENERGI
 2250 K
HITUNG DENGAN
RUMUS
BMI = berat (kg)
tinggi2 (m)
AMBANG BMI INDONESIA
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Berat Badan Ideal Basal Metabolic Rate
(BBI) (BMR)
 How many energy
Activities needs?
You can determine the
nutrient status of person
The establishment of an Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI)

the Codex commodity committees to the

Codex Committee on Food Additives and
Contaminants (CCFAC).
 Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
an estimate by JECFA of the amount of a food additive, expressed on
a body weight basis, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime without
appreciable health risk (standard man - 60 Kg)
(WHO Environmental Health Criteria document N° 70, Principles for the Safety Assessment of food
Additives and Contaminants in Food, Geneva, 1987).

The ADI is expressed in milligrams of the additive per kilogram of body

weight.
For this purpose, "without appreciable risk" is taken to mean the practical
certainty that injury will not result even after a life-time's exposure
Report of the 1975 JMPR, TRS 592, WHO, 1976).

The ADI is established over lifetime. A body weight of 60 kg is usually taken

to represent the average weight of the population
(Report of the 1988 JECFA , TRS 776 sec. 2.2.3. WHO, 1989).

However, in some countries, and especially in the developing ones, a 50 kg

body weight would better represent the average body weight of the
population.
 ADI Estimates ……..1)

Groups of animals (e.g. rats) are given daily diets containing

different levels of the additive under examination.

For example, levels of the additives in the diet could be: 0.1%,
1%, 2%, 5%. If a toxic effect is found at the 2% level and a "no
toxic effect" at 1% level, the 1% level (expressed in mg/kg body
weight) will be the "no-observed-effect level“ (NOEL), and it is
from this level that the extrapolation to humans is done.

In this case, the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) lies between the

1% and 2% levels, and if no toxicological evaluations are done at
intermediary levels (1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75%) the choice of the 1%
level as the no-observed-effect level introduces already a first
safety factor.
 ADI Estimates

•The extrapolation from the no-observed-effect level to an ADI is often done

by using a safety factor of 100 (10 x 10) which assumes that humans are 10
times more sensitive than experimental animals and that there is a 10-fold
variation in sensitivity within the human population.

•This safety factor of 100 is based on the experience and common sense of
toxicologists and therefore cannot be compared to a physical value such a-s
the boiling point of a pure substance. More information regarding the no-
observed-effect level and the use of safety factors can be found in
"Principles for the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and contaminants in
Food".
(Environmental Health Criteria No 70, WHO, Geneva 1987, p. 77-79).
 Go to homework

Name Name Name Name Name

Title Title Title Title Title
 Simple Estimation of Food Additive Intake
Food Product and Mean Food Additives Maximum Use Dietary exposure ADI % ADI
Date
Category consumption per day (g) via Product Level (mg/day) (mg/kg wb) from Exposure
22-Sep-11 01.5.2. Susu kental 42 g Karamel 300 mg/kg 12,6 Not specified -
Nasi goreng 120 g
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
12.9.2.2 * Kecap 2 g Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 2 0-5 0,8
Ikan goreng 60 g
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
01.5.1. Susu bubuk 25 g
Propil galat 100 mg/kg 2,5 0 - 1.4 3,7
Beta karoten 100 mg/kg 2,5 0-5 1,0
23-Sep-11 14.1.5. Instan coffee 20 g Polisorbat 65 500 mg/kg 10 Not specified
Aluminium silikat 1 g/kg 20 Not specified
06.4.2. Mie instan 68 g Antioksidan TBHQ 200 mg/kg 13,6 0 - 0.5 56,7
Tartrazin CI 1940 100 mg/kg 6,8 Not specified
Sup ayam 150 g secukupnya
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
24-Sep-11 01.5.1. Susu bubuk 25 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 2,5 0 - 1.4 3,7
Beta karoten 100 mg/kg 2,5 0-5 1,0
07.1.2. Krupuk 10 g Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 10 0-5 4,2
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
25-Sep-11 14.1.5. Kopi susu 25 g Polisorbat 65 500 mg/kg 12,5 Not specified
Aluminium silikat 1 g/kg 25 Not specified
Mie ayam 150 g
12.9.2.2 * Kecap 2 g Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 2 0-5 0,8
12.6.2. * Saos sambal 15 g Natrium saccharin 300 mg/kg 4,5 0-5 1,9
Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 15 0-5 6,3
Natrium bisulfit 50 mg/kg 0,75 0-5 0,3
Food Product and Mean Food Additives Maximum Use Dietary exposure ADI % ADI
Date
Category consumption per day (g) via Product Level (mg/day) (mg/kg wb) from Exposure
26-Sep-11 14.1.5. Instan coffee 20 g Polisorbat 65 500 mg/kg 10 Not specified
Aluminium silikat 1 g/kg 20 Not specified
Tumis kangkung 100 g
12.6.2. * Saos tiram 2 g Ekstrak tiram secukupnya Not specified
Ekstrak ragi secukupnya Not specified
Caramel Clas III 300 mg/kg 0,6 0 - 200 0,01
Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 2 0 - 0.5 8,3
Asam sitrat 40 g/kg Not limited Coloring
27-Sep-11 14.1.5. Kopi susu 25 g Polisorbat 65 500 mg/kg 12,5 Not specified
Aluminium silikat 1 g/kg 25 Not specified Antioxidant
05.3. Permen karet 20 g Saccharin 50 mg/kg 1 0-5 0,4 Preservatives
Polisorbat 200 mg/kg 4 Not specified
Siklamat 500 mg/kg 10 0 - 11 1,9 Sweeteners
Nasi goreng 120 g
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
12.9.2.2 * Kecap 2 g Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 2 0-5 0,8
14.1.5. Instan coffee 20 g Polisorbat 65 500 mg/kg 10 Not specified
Aluminium silikat 1 g/kg 20 Not specified
28-Sep-11 04.2.2.8. Kentang goreng 120 g Asam askorbat 100 mg/kg 12 Not specified
Kalium bisulfit 50 mg/kg 6 0-5 2,5
12.6.2. * Saos sambal 15 g Natrium saccharin 300 mg/kg 4,5 0-5 1,9
Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 15 0-5 6,3
Natrium bisulfit 50 mg/kg 0,75 0-5 0,3
Ikan goreng 60 g secukupnya
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
29-Sep-11 14.1.5. Instan coffee 20 g Polisorbat 65 500 mg/kg 10 Not specified
Aluminium silikat 1 g/kg 20 Not specified
Sop Iga 100 g
07.1.2. Krupuk 10 g Natrium benzoat 1000 mg/kg 10 0-5 4,2
02.1.2. * Minyak goreng 5 g Propil galat 100 mg/kg 0,5 0 - 1.4 0,7
Compilation
Summary


Thank you