REVIEWER NI DIANA BAYOT

ENGLISH

 Beowulf – Epic Poetry/ Poem

 Oldest surviving English poem
 Beowulf came from the geats/Geatland
 Written in 700- 750 AD, written in old English
 Epic/ Epicus
 Epic Setting – Multiple setting of the poem
 Epic Poetry – poem about heroes and monsters
 Author remains unknown
 Herot Hall – the hall king Hrothgar builds
 Grendel – a powerful monster
 Beowulf used his barehands to destroy Grendel
PUNCTATION MARKINGS
 The Period Use a period to end a statement, mild command, or indirect
question and after most abbreviations. Example: He arrived on time.
(statement) Sit up straight. (mild command) Students sometimes wonder
whether their teachers read the papers they write. (indirect question) Mr. Mrs.
lb. a.m. p.m. etc. (abbreviations)
 The Semicolon Use a semicolon to separate independent clauses in a sentence
and to separate items in a series when commas are used as well. Example:
Injustice is relatively easy to bear; what stings is justice (Mencken). The only
sensible ends of literature are first, the pleasurable toil of writing; second, the
gratification of one’s family and friends; and lastly, the solid cash
(Hawthorne).
 The Colon Use a colon to call attention to the words that follow it. Example:
The routine includes the following: twenty knee bends, fifty leg lifts, and five
minutes of running in place. (list) My roommate is guilty of two of the seven
deadly sins: gluttony and sloth. (appositive)
 10ULLES OF CAPITALIZATION

 CAPITALIZE THE FIRST WORD OF A SENTENCE - This is one of the

easiest, most straightforward rules of capitalization. Whenever you start a new
sentence, capitalize the first letter of the first word. Simple as that!
 CAPITALIZE PROPER NOUNS AND NAMES - A proper noun is a specific
name for a person, place, or thing. These types of nouns should always be
capitalized, no matter where they land in a sentence. Proper nouns include but
aren’t limited to: companies, countries, cities, political parties, and religions.
Names should also be capitalized. That includes first, middle, and last names.
 CAPITALIZE THE MAJORITY OF TITLES - Capitalization rules for titles
can vary from style guide to style guide. As a rule of thumb, you should capitalize
the first word of a title, verbs, adjectives, nouns, and of course, proper nouns. This
leaves prepositions, articles, and conjunctions in lowercase.
 CAPITALIZE EVENTS AND PERIODS - You will need to capitalize periods,
eras, and specific events. However, centuries and century numbers should not be
capitalized.
 CAPITALIZE “I” AS A PRONOUN - We’re all used to seeing words like
iPhone, iPad, and iMac by now. You don’t have to capitalize the “i” in these
words. It would look strange if you did and wouldn’t be grammatically correct.
However, if the “I” is a pronoun, then it should always be uppercase.
 CAPITALIZE ANY LOCATIONS AND DIRECT ADDRESSES - When a
direction is part of a name, then you should capitalize it. For example, South
Bend or Northern California. However, if it’s just a direction and not part of a
name, then it shouldn’t be capitalized, like “turn east at the stop sign.”
 CAPITALIZE FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS - When you use a word to indicate
a family relationship, it should be capitalized if it’s used as a proper noun. For
instance, “Grandpa” or “Uncle Bob.” However, if you aren’t referring to that
person by name, then it wouldn’t need to be capitalized. For example, “my
grandpa” or “our uncle.”
 CAPITALIZE MONTHS, HOLIDAYS, AND DAYS - The names of months,
holidays, and days are considered to be proper nouns. This means they need to be
capitalized.
 CAPITALIZE TRADEMARK NAMES - Trademark and brand names are
typically seen as proper nouns. This means you’ll need to capitalize them.
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 DON’T CAPITALIZE AFTER A COLON - The final rule on our list is a little
different. This one tells you when NOT to capitalize. In general, you shouldn’t
capitalize the word following a colon. You aren’t starting a new sentence, so
there’s no need for it.
CONTEXT CLUES - Context clues are hints you can find about a word's
meaning by looking carefully at the other words in a sentence. Example: Gerard was
so hungry that for lunch he consumed three sandwiches and a quart of milk. The
sentence gives context clues (hints) that Gerard was hungry.
LITERARY DEVICES - A literary device is a writing technique that writers use
to express ideas, convey meaning, and highlight important themes in a piece of text.
 SIMILE - Simile is a literary device that involves comparing two things using “like”
or “as” to create a vivid and imaginative picture in the reader’s mind.
 METAPHOR - A metaphor asserts that one thing is another thing, even though the
two things are not literally the same. Unlike simile, which uses “like” or “as” to
make a comparison, a metaphor creates a direct relationship between the two things
being compared. Examples of metaphor: “The world is a stage, and we are all
merely players.” – William Shakespeare
 PERSONIFICATION - Personification gives human qualities, characteristics, and
emotions to non-human objects, animals, or concepts. It is a form of figurative
language that uses metaphorical language to convey meaning and create vivid
imagery.
 ONOMATOPOEIA - Onomatopoeia is a literary device that involves the use of
words that imitate the sound of the object or action they refer to. These words are
intended to evoke the sound that they describe and create a sensory experience for
the reader. For example, words such as “buzz,” “hiss,” and “boom” are examples of
onomatopoeia.
 IRONY - Irony is contradiction between what is said or done and what is actually
meant or expected. It is often used to create a humorous, dramatic, or sarcastic
effect, or to highlight a discrepancy between appearance and reality. Irony can take
many forms, including verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony.
 IMAGERY - Imagery uses sensory details to create a vivid and concrete
description of a scene, object, person, or idea. It appeals to the reader’s senses of
sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell, and is used to create a specific mood or
atmosphere in a literary work.
 ALLITERATION - Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound or letter at
the beginning of multiple words in a sentence or phrase. It is used to create a
musical or rhythmic effect, to add emphasis to certain words, or to make a phrase
more memorable.
 HYPERBOLE - Hyperbole is a literary device that involves using exaggerated
statements or claims to emphasize a point or create a dramatic effect.

GOOD LUCK !