Buenavista Community College

College of Hospitality Management Education

Cangawa, Buenavista, Bohol
Tel. No. (038) 513-9178
(038) 513-9035

Subject: INTERACTIVE ENGLISH

I. TOPIC : DIALOGUE & VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

Week 9 : December 1-4, 2020

II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Distinguish the importance of dialogue.

2. Discover different form of a spelling word.

III. OVERVIEW

This lesson will let the students to be more knowledgeable with the different tips
to improve dialogue and vocabulary enrichment.
They will be guided on how to overcome their fears and doubts. It could also
enlighten the students how it makes speaking meaningful and purposeful.

IV. LEARNING CONTENT

DIALOGUE

A dialogue is a literary technique in which writers employ two or more characters

to be engaged in conversation with one another. In literature, it is a conversational
passage, or a spoken or written exchange of conversation in a group, or between two
persons directed towards a particular subject. The use of dialogues can be seen back in
classical literature, especially in Plato’s Republic. Several other philosophers also used
this technique for rhetorical and argumentative purposes. Generally, it makes a literary
work enjoyable and lively.

There are two types of dialogue in literature:

 Inner Dialogue – In inner dialogue, the characters speak to themselves and

reveal their personalities. To use inner dialogue, writers employ literary
techniques like stream of consciousness or dramatic monologue. We often find
such dialogues in the works of James Joyce, Virginia Wolf, and William Faulkner.
 Outer Dialogue – Outer dialogue is a simple conversation between two
characters, used in almost all types of fictional works.

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Function of Dialogue

The use of dialogue is prevalent in fiction, but this technique can also be found in
poetry, non-fiction, films, and drama. The dialogue has several purposes, such as
advancing the plot of a narrative, and revealing the characters that cannot be
understood otherwise. Further, it presents an exposition of the background or past
events, and creates the tone of a narrative. Its usage can also be seen in modern
literary works, where it colors the personalities of the characters, creates a conflict,
highlights the vernacular, and moves the storyline forward. Moreover, dialogue makes a
literary piece interesting and alive, and gives enjoyable experience to the readers.

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT
The Use of the Dictionary
One way of improving one’s vocabulary is by making use of a dictionary. A
dictionary may be:
A. Abridged – which means that is condensed and contains fewer words and
definitions; and
B. Unabridged – which means that it includes almost all the words in the English
Language.
A dictionary contains abbreviations, pronunciation symbols and correct
syllabication.
Syllabication – is the use of centered dots or a light hyphen. (.’)
Pronunciation of a word – is found immediately after the word.

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 One thing that one will notice about a word is its accepted spelling. There
are two ways of spelling a given word. The American form of spelling words is different
from British form.
For example:
American Form British Form
theater theatre
traveled travelled
color colour
labor labour
thru through

However, both forms of spelling are correct. It depends on which one is preferred
by the user.

The Etymology of a Word

Etymology – is a derivation of a word which indicates the origin of a word and the
relationship of its different meanings to one another.
Most of the words in the English language trace their origins to: the Anglo-
Saxons (AS), Greek (GK), Latin (L), Old French (OF), Old German (OG) and
Scandinavian (Scand) languages.

For example: The etymology of the word “LORD” this word was originated from the
medieval and old English languages. During that time, “lord” meant “HLAFWEARD”.
“Hlaf” – meaning “loaf” and “weard” meaning – “warden”.

In a most basic sense, “Hlafweard” simply meant “loafkeeper” or one who feeds
dependents was a person seen as having great power and authority… one who was
looked up to as ruler or master. From there came the word “lord” which has also come
to mean as “a person with authority and one who is master.”

CLIPPING
A common process by which words are formed is called clipping. A group of
letters or even a word is cut off at the beginning or at the end or sometimes, at both
ends of a given word, and the remaining word is left to stand for the whole word. A
clipped word is generally a noun or a name word.
For example:
Exam - for Examination
Math - for Mathematics
Dorm - for Dormitory
Lab - for Laboratory
In medicine, “Pap Smear” – for “Pappenicolaou”, is a test usually done on
females for detecting cancer of the cervix.

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ACRONYMS
A process wherein the initial letters of syllables or words become a complete
word. Acronyms may be pronounced as whole words or separately as when what is
pronounced are the initials of a given word.
For example:
As a whole word, SCUBA – means “self-contained underwater breathing
apparatus”
As initials V.I.P. (pronounced separately) means “very important person”

Notice that the initial letters of each word has come to be known as the complete
word already.

Other examples:
I.D. - Identification Card
E.C.G. – Electrocardiogram
Radar – Radio detecting and ranging device

BLENDING
New words are also formed by a process called blending, wherein two words are
fused into one. The first part of one word is joined to the last part of another word. Once
blended, it forms a new word.
For example:
Superior market – supermarket
traveler’s catalogue – travelogue
walking marathon – walkathon
melody and drama – melodrama
smoke + fog – smog

SYNONYMS
Synonyms are words which are related to each other or simply have the same
meaning.
For example: For the word “look” – there are many similar meaning such as gaze, stare,
gape, glare, peek and peer.

For the word “multitude” – it may also mean a profusion, legion, galaxy,
scores, bevy, swarm, covey, mob, drove, etc.

There are many words you can use to express a great number of things.

ANTONYMS
On the other hand, antonyms are words which are opposite in their meanings.
Antonyms are not related to each other.
For example:
Given Word Antonym
Injury benefit
Beautiful ugly

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 Opinion fact
Good bad
Initiate discontinue
Large or big small or tiny

A good reference book for looking up synonyms and antonyms is a

THESAURUS. Similar to the dictionary, it helps find the exact word that expresses one’s
idea. However, unlike the dictionary, it does not define the word it lists. (A Thesaurus,
like a dictionary can also be found in any library.)

USE OF AFFIXES
Affixes are letters or group of letters which are added before a root word (usually
called PREFIXES) or after the root word (usually called suffixes) in order to change the
meaning of the root word.

The root is the part of a word which gives the essential or basic meaning.

For example: Root word: appear

Prefixes added: dis
New Word: disappear

“dis” – is a prefix that means “away form”.

“pro” – is another prefix that means “for” or “forward”.

For SUFFIXES:
Root word: vend
Suffix added: ee
New word: vendee

Root word: preach

Suffix added: er
New word: preacher

Usually, suffixes indicate an agent or the kind of occupation or job one does,
(such as what was indicated from the examples given above.)

WORD BORROWINGS
There are some words which have come to be accepted as part of the English
language. Some of these words trace their origins from either names of people or a
trait/personality associated with them, names of places, characters in fiction book,
names of Greek and Roman gods and goddesses and from French, Spanish or Italian
languages. Such words have been “borrowed” from different sources and have become
part of the English dictionary.
Examples:
From a NAME OF A PERSON : begonia
Meaning : an ornamental plant

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 From : Michel Begon
Identification : a French administrator and patron of science.
The plant was named as a tribute to him.

From a TRAIT or PERSONALITY : martinet

Meaning : a severe disciplinarian
From : the name of a French General during the reign of
Luis XIV
Identification : French General of Luis XIV who acquired a
reputation as a drill master and a severe disciplinarian.

From a GREEK STORY : Oedipus complex

Meaning : a person who is infatuated or in love with his mother
or someone who closely resembles his mother.
From : the popular Greek tragedy, "Oedipus Rex.
Identification : the plot of the story centers around the main
character, Oedipus, who finds himself
being in love with his own mother.

From a FRENCH LANGUAGE : coup d' etat

Meaning : a sudden and decisive measure in politics, effecting
a change in government illegally or by force.
From : the French language

From a NAME OF A PLACE : China

Meaning : a special species of earthenware made in China
From : so called from the country itself ( China )

From a name of a CHARACTER in FICTION : Malapropism

Meaning : a word which is ridiculously misused
From : Mrs. Malaprop
Identification : a woman character in Richard Brinsleyy Sheridan's
Play, "The Rivals", who was noted for her
misuse of words.

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
An idiom is an expression that has become acceptable in the English language
even if it is peculiar in meaning or construction. When one uses an idiom he may also
be conversing figuratively. For example, when one says to you, "Could you give me a
hand?" It does not mean that you have to give him "a hand" literally! It simply is a
figurative expression meaning that the person needs some form of help or assistance
with whatever he is doing at the moment.

Most poems contains figurative language but nowadays, one can usualy hear a
lot of idioms in daily conversations.

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Other examples:

"to catch a cold" - simply means "to be sick with a cold"

"to break the ice" - simply means "to be able to put people at ease or to
relax them"
"to drop in" - simply means "to pay a casual visit"
"to face the music" - simply means "to face trouble or punishment"
"to beat around the bush" - simply means "to talk around the point or the topic"

There are lists of idioms or idiomatic expressions that one can find in any good
English book.

All good writers use figurative language since they evoke mental pictures, give
an imaginative quality and bring the meaning into sharper focus.

KINDS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

1. Simile - is a comparison between two objects usually with the use of "as" or "like".
The writer uses some semblance as a starting point and then transfer one of the
similar traits or things to the other object the qualities he wishes to
show in his object.

For example: She has a figure like an hourglass.

 The girl's figure was compared or likened to an hourglass.
She is as Sweet as sugar.
 The girl's personality was compared or likened to sugar.
He has a head like a granite block.
 The "hardness" of the boy's head (usually indicating
stubbornness or simply hard-headedness) was compared or
likened to a granite block (which is a kind of stone).

2. Metaphor - assumes a comparison between two objects. It is almost like a simile

except that it does not use the words "as or like". The semblance or the comparison is
only IMPLIED.

For example: The president barked out his orders.

 The president was compared to a dog as is assumed from
the word (verb) "barked". The president was not physically
compared to a dog, but his manners of giving out orders was
compared to that of a dog.

The car purred along the highway.

 The manner by which the car was running was compared to
a cat as is implied from the word (verb) "purred". This means
that the car was running smoothly.

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 The man had nerves of steel.
 The man's resolve or his courage was compared to steel, a
very strong king of metal, meaning that the man was very
confident of himself and was brave.
3. Personification - a special kind of comparison in which something inanimate or non-
human is presented as having the qualities and attributes of a human person.

For example: The sunflowers swayed towards the coming sunlight.

 The sunflowers were given a human quality by the use of the
word "'swayed"..as if sunflowers really swayed like humans
do when dancing.

Stern-faced duty woke Dany up with jolt.

 Duty in this sentence was giver a human quality when it
"woke Danny up". It was as if duty was a person waking up
Danny.
4. Hyperbole - an overstatement; a gross exaggeration used to attract attention, startle
or give a desired effect.

For example: If I get home past my curfew time, my parents are going to kill me!

There were millions of people in the part!

When my boyfriend kissed me, I thought I was going to die!

5. Metonymy - the name of a thing is substituted by a part of that thing that usually
represents it.

For example: I do not have the "guts" to go to the principal and complain about
the teacher.
 The word "guts" in this sentence represents "courage".
It represents the glandular and adrenal activity and stomach
toughness of the stomach which make up bravery or
flexibility.

I am going to get my new "wheels" this morning.

 The word "wheels" in this sentence represents "a car".
Since wheels are part of any car, the word "wheels" then
was used to mean a car.

6. Synecdoche - an association in our minds of some important part with the whole
thing it represents.

For example: The captain ordered "All hands on deck!"

 The word "hands" in the sentence is associated with what
they represent: the sailors they belong to.

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 The man asked for the girl's hand in marriage from her parents.
 The "hand" of the girl in this sentence is associated with
what it represents: her whole being as the future wife of her
man or future husband. Since the wedding ring is placed on
the hand, it has come to be known that a man asks for your
"hand" on marriage.

A hundred wings flew over the castle.

 "Wings" in the sentence is associated with what it
represents: birds flying over.

7. Apostrophe - a personified object is addressed. (vocally)

For example: "Rain, rain, go away...come again another day!"
 One seems to be talking to the rain as if it were a
person standing right in front of him. Hence, one
addresses the rain.

"Oh, Scotia! My dear, my native soil!"

 One seems to address his country (Scotia) as if his
country was right there in front of him.

In an apostrophe, the object (such as "rain" and "scotia" have already been
"personified". They are then "addressed" as if one is already talking to a human being.

The use of idioms or using figurative language is usually done to make speech
more "colorful" and "interesting".

V. ACTIVITY GUIDE
1. Make a short dialogue, any topic do you want.
2. Identify the form of spelling a word: American Form or British Form
a. color - d. theatre -
b. labor - e. travelled -
c. thru -

Note:
Comment down your answer immediately after answering the module.

VI. REFERENCES

English Plus: Enhancing Our Basic Grammar

Prepared by:

ANGELYN D. CATAD, MAED

Instructor

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