THE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGY IN WRITING AN ENGLISH NARRATIVE

COMPOSITION

summary

The purpose of this study is to analyze the morphology of writing narrative structures in
English. Morphology is the study of morphemes, the smallest important devices in grammar.
There are morphological styles, they are derivation and inflection. Affixes, including
suffixes, prefixes, prefixes, ablaut, and duplications, are variants of derivational morphology,
while plurals, possessives, past, contemporary, comparative, and superlative are forms of
inflectional morphology. is. Morphology, which is used in most writing and writing, is the
biggest challenge in English assignments, because what is said is inherent in what is written.
Writing is related to composition, and there are four composition styles.
Discussion, explanation, presentation, story. Morphology itself can pose problems for
beginners when engaging in writing.

key phrases: Morphology, Derivational, Inflectional, Writing Narrative Composition

I. advent

There are several ways to master English. Listen, speak, write, analyze. Writing is the hardest
part of learning English. (J.B. Heaton, 1988) states:

Several factors made writing in English difficult, such as spelling, vocabulary, and grammar.
There are many elements in grammar and new students may make mistakes while learning
English skills. Writing is also related to linguistics, because "linguistics is the clinical
observation of language" (Loreto Todd, 1987). Linguistics has sub-fields of linguistics, one
of which has its own purpose of helping beginners master writing. "In writing, however,
linguistic competence involves the attribution of meaning to signals, visible signs."

(Loreto Todd, 1987). An introduction to the language therefore includes beginners in the
evaluation of all the following levels of the language.
Language, phonology, which studies sounds, morphology, which studies sets of significant
sounds, vocabulary, which studies phrases, syntax, which studies meaningful sets of words,
semantics, which studies meaning, how syntax mixes A discourse to study if it fits.

There are two forms:

Differential morphology and refractive morphology. Derivative morphology provides a rough

description of morphemes that can be used to form new words. We also examine the ideas
that govern the construction of new phrases, regardless of the specific grammatical position
the phrase may fulfill in a sentence. Inflectional forms occur with nouns, pronouns, and
verbs. It also examines how phrases successfully extend (or "bend") to specific grammatical
contrasts in sentences containing singular/plural or present/past tense.

II. THEORETICAL overview

1. the character of Morphology

Morphology, based on Loretto Todd, is part of phonology, which has been described as the
study of sounds and their patterns. Until now, they have been mostly called "phonemes" or
the smallest significant phonetic units. Loretto Todd (1987:

41) said: "Morphology is the consideration of morphemes, the smallest primary tool of
grammar." This definition is easier to understand with the following example.

Cat  cats look  regarded

In linguistics, morphology is the identity, evaluation, and description of morphological forms

and various meanings in language, such as words, affixes, parts of speech, intonation/stress,
and implied context draw).There two forms of morphology, they are derivational and
inflectional morphology.

a. Derivational morphology fulfills foremost functions in English. Morphemes can be

used to shape new phrases.

Derived morphemes form new phrases from old phrases (Crystal, 1991), so Advent is formed
from create, but these are separate phrases.
Most languages, especially agglutinative and inflectional languages, distinguish between the
phrase stem, which contains the main meaning, and the various affixes or suffixes, which
often provide additional grammatical meaning. There are many different types of affixes.

Suffixes are attached to the quit of the stem;

Prefixes are connected to the front of the stem;

Infixes are positioned inside the middle of the word;

Ablaut is a change in a vowel that consists of more meaning; Reduplication is a

matter of doubling a syllable to do the identical.

Suffixes are the maximum common, and English makes use of them. for example, the beyond
irritating of most verbs is an issue of including -ed to the stem; the existing participle is made
by including -ing; the plural of a noun is made by including -s.

There are also some prefixes which generally occurs, which includes: be-, de-en-, ex-, hyper-,
pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, brilliant- and trans-. Prefixes regulate the meaning however do not
always exchange the characteristic of the word to which they're prefixed.

There are also suffixes which normally change the elegance of the word to which they're
attached:

splendor (n) + ful = lovely (adj.) determine (v)+ ation =dedication (n)

phrases finishing inside the morphemes – acy, -ation, -er, -or, -ess, -ity, -ment, ness, and –
ship tend to be nouns.

Democracy, actor, agreement, dedication, headmistress, weakness

words finishing in –ise, -ize tend to be verbs.

Energize, hospitalize

words ending in –capable, -ed, -ful, -ical, - ive, -less, -like, -ous and –y have a tendency to be
adjectives.

exciting, beneficial, good value, Polished, diminutive, hopeless

phrases finishing in –ly, tend to be adverbs.

read the guidance carefully

She is smiling luckily

however not all the words ending in –ly tend to be adverbs. it may be adjectives also.

She is a adorable female

They gave a friendly welcome ultimate time

b. Inflectional morphology by no means involves a trade of sophistication. It takes place

with nouns, pronouns and verbs. In nouns, inflection marks plurality in everyday nouns:

e book  books Chair

 chairs

a few English morphemes, via category:

desk 2.1

derivational inflectional

-ation -s Plural

-al -s Possessive

-ize -ed beyond

-ic -ing innovative

-y -er Comparative

-ous -est Superlative

The possessive of all nouns: John’s book/books

The women bag/baggage

irregular nouns frequently shape their plurals with the aid of a vowel trade:
infant children

teeth tooth

but they shape the possessive in precisely the identical manner as normal nouns

The dog tail the canine’s tail

The scholar e book the student’s

e-book

there may be no difference in sound between a regular noun’s plural shape and its possessive.

The student’s books the scholars’ books

Inflectional suffixes are used to suggest present disturbing agreement:

I/You/They/We sing/drink

He/She/It sing+s/drink+s

the existing participle: Sing+ing/drink+ing

The beyond disturbing and past participle: I look+ed/i've look+ed

She water+ed/She has water+ed

In abnormal verbs, the past traumatic and the beyond participle are frequently signaled by a
vowel alternate or a vowel exchange plus a suffix:

Drink drank under the influence of alcohol

devour ate eaten

2. the nature of Narrative Composition

Writing is the most difficult element in English problems. Because what it claims broadly is
more exceptional than what it writes broadly. Ron White and Valerie Ardon (1991:

3) says: Therefore, English patterns should be learned efficiently before beginners start
writing English compositions.

(Mc Dougal, 1988) states: Or writing exercises for each lesson. These exercises vary.
Bandwidth can range from gap-filling to composition, to changes, sentence structures, and
paragraphs. ”

Synthetic theory is therefore largely based on his Mc. Dougal's interest in writing began with
learning phrases and grammar itself. There are four types of compositions. They are
inference, explanation, expression, and narration. (George E. Wishon and Julia M. Burks,
1980) explain:

“Argument is used for persuasion and persuasion. It is carefully associated with, and often
mixed with, expressions and decisions. Explanation is a unit of person, place, or even time,
day, hour, or season. representation is used to give statistics, explanations and decipher
meanings, and narrative is a form used to write and tell stories of actions and events”.

based on (AS Hornby, 1974), "Narration is telling of a story", in the meantime primarily
based on John M. Echols and (Hassan Shadily, 1986), "Narration adalah 1. Penceritaan,
pengisahan; 2. Cerita, kisah".

A story is a testimony. Story is action. They are narrative essays that have a bit of luck in an
interesting way and also provide material. There is. We invite you to analyze this narrative
essay. However, I don't want to quote specific words from primary sources right now, so it
might be easier to write.

A story paragraph tells a story or sequence of events. Indicates which character or element
was performed in a particular time frame. As White states:

"In stories, it's the miles of activity that matter. In explanations, and when we're describing
things, we usually deal with nouns more than verb phrases. The description thus serves the
purpose of guiding the function of the noun phrase. The noun phrase function occurs in many
different uses of language, but is particularly important and frequently used when describing
things, people, and places. ”
three. the character of Writing

A sentence is correct if it provides a clear fact or message and offers a strong verbal appeal to
the reader. It aims to present a vision of an idea in a text organized in its own notation, with
narratives, explanations, explanations, and reasoning. When college students write
paragraphs, they try to understand what they are thinking, and they also participate in the
contextual structure of learning a language, English as a second or foreign language. As
Gould, Diyanni, and Smith say, ``Writing is an attempt to create a dialogue with the reader,
and one must explore the relationship with the reader in the same way one explores the
relationship with the person one is speaking to.''

Therefore, your writing should relate to content, language, and grammatical guidelines. If you
want to avoid misunderstandings, scholars should use correct sentences to create correctly
written text content, pay attention to word placement and construction to clarify their
thoughts, and present the reader with a writing fee. is needed. Match Highlands:

“essentially, writing is visible as a product comprised of the author’s command of

grammatical and lexical understanding, and writing improvement is taken into consideration
to be the result of imitating and manipulating models furnished by using the teacher. for
many who undertake this view, writing is appeared as an extension of grammar-a means of
reinforcing language styles via dependancy formation and trying out rookies’ potential to
produce nicely-fashioned sentences”.

In an overview of the concept of writing, Hyland says that writing is a series of sentences
with proper grammar. It develops into textual content or essays that have meaning and are
presented in a variety of languages. Authors create essays by developing specific
grammatical and lexical information possibilities.

Celce and Olshtain country:

“Writing is the manufacturing of the written word that consequences in a test but the textual
content need to be read and recognize in order for verbal exchange to take area. the writer, in
different phrases, communicates his/her ideas inside the form of a written text from which a
acknowledged or unknown reader will subsequently extract the thoughts and their meanings.”

Hartoyo states: “instructional writing is a three degree course that specialize in exposing
some fundamental grammatical capabilities and their utilization and applications to writing”.
White claims:
“We must also write which will talk something to our supposed target market, and seeing that
this audience isn't bodily gift, what we write ought to be as clean, specific and unambiguous
as possible. In short, we should produce a chunk of discourse which embodies correctness of
shape, appropriateness of favor and harmony of theme and subject matter”.

Sentence growth is related to the author's language comprehension and handling of the text.
Spelling is how authors communicate their thoughts and messages to readers in text form.
Writers share their thoughts in a variety of writing approaches including narrative, exposition,
type, evaluation and contrast, reasoning, and more. The first narrative is a simple writing
approach to provide past events and activities. This can be used for various purposes. B.
Illustrate and support ideas with anecdotes, entertain readers with insightful stories, explore
the causes and possible consequences of situations, and illustrate techniques with process
stories. 2d, Explanation is an approach used to create a dominant influence. For example,
college students describe locations as a good way to stage a scene, draw the reader into its
atmosphere, and describe people to reveal the overall performance of a certain type of
character. , classification aims to classify a large number of objects or ideas into a small
number of lessons. With section categories it is very important to install the appropriate
category and define what goes into the class. Fourth, comparisons and comparisons are
intended to examine similar elements of an object, person, or thing, or to contrast specific
elements. In the rest, reasoning consists of asserting an idea or opinion, using some
arguments to prove a concept or study.Large paragraphs give the reader complete information
and control should be unified with the help of the idea of Well organized and easy to
understand what the paragraph is about. As Boardman points out:

“A paragraph is a group of sentences that work together to expand on a main concept. There
are three main types of English paragraphs: Narrative, descriptive, and representational. "

A story paragraph tells a story or a series of occasions. It tells what person or component did
at some stage in a selected time frame. As White states:

“In narrative it is sports that are vital; in description it is things. And in describing things
we're commonly greater worried with the noun in preference to the verb word. hence,
description offers us a cause for teaching capabilities of the noun phrase which, whilst
happening in other makes use of of the language, are of unique significance and frequency in
describing matters, human beings and places.”
A descriptive paragraph is to explain what some thing looks as if, including an area,
someone, and an animal. The expository paragraph is to explain some thing to the reader.

III. approach OF research

This research using excellent's descriptive approach which stated:

“Descriptive technique is the technique which attempts to provide the reason approximately
the symptoms relating with the recent scenario. It consists on the attempt of giving the word,
the evaluation and the interpretation of the recent signs which have the characteristics as
follows: try and provide the truth, immediately to the hassle and the current variables aren’t
manipulated by using the researcher.”

IV. discussion

After correction and analysis, some errors were found. Most of the errors are about derivation
of great words.

In the derivation stage, the learner has not yet changed the form of her word Elegance.
Learners did not change the sentence form once the words became familiar with the different
forms. example:

The giant was a big eater. The word "glutton" is a noun, but the scope of the word is an
adjective. The word "glutton" may not have an adjective form, so the sentence should be
changed. Alternatively, the word "glutton" could be changed to "griffin", which has a
comparable meaning to "glutton". "Grasp" is an adjective. So if a learner uses the word 'grab',
the sentence should not be changed, but the most effective change is to change the word
'glutton' to 'greedy'. The sentence has become very comprehensive.

Nor did learners exchange stress in sentences in terms of intonation.

In narrative construction, the learner must take advantage of disturbing the past as the learner
"retells" the story to the reader. example:

He is naughty and will never listen to his mother. The word "heard" must be used by the
learner to update the word "heard", creating parallelism within the sentence. Since ``was'' was
used in the main clause, the word ``listens'' must be changed to ``listened'' to establish
parallelism. The sentence became: He became a rogue and never listened to his mother.

The examples of textual errors which have been located were:

a. Morphology stage

1. Derivational morphology

No. Sentence Correction degree

1. The girl could manage her curiously.

The woman could manage her curiosity.

Derivational in noun

2. She rested peacelly.

She rested peacefully.

Derivational in adverb

3. They determined to walk round earlier than ate the porridge.

They decided to walk round before eating the porridge.

Derivational in gerund after preposition

4. the man spent long term for idea.

the man spent long time for questioning.

Derivational in gerund after preposition

5. ultimately, they stopped fought.

ultimately, they stopped combating.

Derivational in gerund after certain verb

6. Anastasya tried to stole the

fairy Godmother’s wand and she or he ought to thieve it.

Anastasya attempted to scouse borrow the fairy Godmother’s wand and he or she may
want to thieve it. Derivational in to- infinitive

7. Anna Maria cried and her mom hugged her cry infant.

Anna Maria cried and her mom hugged her crying infant.

Derivational in gift participle

8. He went domestic with the taking pictures bear.

He went domestic with the shot undergo.

Derivational in passive participle

9. Anastasya tried to scouse borrow the fairy Godmother’s wand and he or she should
stole it.Anastasya tried to thieve the fairy Godmother’s wand and she or he could thieve
it. Derivational in modals

10. They had been getting hungrier. They had been getting hungry.
Derivational in adjective

here are the explanations:

1. The woman should manage her curiously. The phrase “curiously” is inaccurate due to
the fact it's miles an adverb in the meantime after the phrase “her”, it needs noun. The noun
of “interestingly” is “curiosity”, so the sentence becomes The lady may want to manipulate
her curiosity.

2. She rested peacelly. the explanation of the 0.33 sentence is also same as the first and
2d sentence. The adverb for “peace” is “peacefully”, so the precise sentence is She rested
peacefully.

3. They decided to walk around earlier than ate the porridge. the rationale of the 0.33
sentence is exactly equal with the second sentence. The word “ate” is the past participle of
“consume”. in this sentence desires verb –ing as a gerund and the verb –ing of “devour” is
“eating”. The correct sentence is they decided to stroll around before ingesting the porridge.

4. the man spent long time for thought. The explanation for the second one sentence is
same because the first sentence. The phrase “concept” is the beyond participle of “think”. on
this sentence wishes verb –ing as a gerund after “for”. The verb –ing of “assume” is
“questioning”, so the perfect sentence is the man spent long term for wondering.

5. in the end, they stopped fought. The sentence is wrong due to the fact after the phrase
“stopped” must be observed via gerund. There are some certain verb that must be
accompanied by using gerund, they are stop, thoughts, revel in, maintain, finish, stop, delay,
get rid of, bear in mind, think about, speak, talk approximately, understand, tolerate, admit,
advise, can’t assist, point out, and many others. The gerund of “fought” is “fighting”, so the
appropriate sentence is in the end, they stopped fighting.

6. Anastasya attempted to stole the fairy Godmother’s wand and she could steal it. The
sentence is wrong due to the fact after the word “attempted to” should be accompanied with
the aid of to infinitive, meanwhile the phrase “stole” is the past participle of “steal” so the
best sentence is Anastasya tried to thieve the fairy Godmother’s wand and he or she could
steal it.

7. Anna Maria cried and her mother hugged her cry baby. The sentence is inaccurate
because the function of the word “cry” is as an adjective and this is gift participle so the word
“cry” have to be changed into “crying”. the appropriate sentence is That girl hugged her
crying toddler.

8. He went home with the shooting undergo. The sentence is incorrect due to the fact the
feature of the phrase

“shoot” is as an adjective and that is passive participle so the word “shoot” have to be
modified into “shot”. the proper sentence is He went home with the shot bear.

9. Anastasya tried to thieve the fairy Godmother’s wand and she or he may want to stole
it. The sentence is wrong due to the fact after the phrase “ought to” as a modal should be
accompanied by verb

10. There are some commonplace modals in English, they're can, may want to, might
also, may, will, would, shall, ought to and need to. The verb 1 of “stole” is “steal”, so the
right sentence is Anastasya tried to scouse borrow the fairy Godmother’s wand and she ought
to thieve it.
11. They were getting hungrier. The sentence is inaccurate because the word “hungrier” is
the comparative shape of “hungry”, in the meantime the sentence desires adjective after to be
in beyond time “have been”. the right sentence is they were getting hungry.

2. Inflectional morphology

No. Sentence Correction stage

1. He turned into a rascal and he never pay attention to his mother.

He become a rascal and he in no way listened to his mom.

Inflectional in past demanding

2. Bianca saw thief opened the door.

Bianca saw two thieves opened the door.

Inflectional in plural shape

3. That lady hugged her cried toddler.

That girl hugged her crying child.

Inflectional in energetic participle

4. in the future, he became sitting on a bench at his garden and thought for have a
spouse.

in the future, he was sitting on a bench at his lawn and concept for having a wife.

Inflectional in gerund

5. They had been got hungry.

They have been getting hungry.

Inflectional in innovative

6. The younger infant was very

kind amongst her 4 youngsters.

The youngest infant changed into very type amongst her 4 kids.
Inflectional in superlative

7. Then, she found the bears’s house.

Then, she found the bears’ house.

Inflectional in possessive

8. That girl hugged her cried infant.

That female hugged her crying baby.

Inflectional in gift participle

9. sooner or later, he became sitting on a bench at his garden and idea for have a spouse.
someday, he turned into sitting on a bench at his lawn and thought for having a
spouse. Inflectional in gerund after preposition

10. The humans ought to bet what changed into hid by means of the miser.

The people ought to guess what turned into hidden by way of the miser.

Inflectional in passive

here are the explanations:

1. He turned into a rascal and he never pay attention to his mom. The sentence is
inaccurate due to the fact “changed into” is used as a to be in past hectic within the first
sentence He changed into a rascal, so the second sentence

He by no means listen to his mother have to be in past disturbing also. The beyond hectic of
“listen” is “listened” so the appropriate sentence is He turned into a rascal and he by no
means listened to his mother.

2. Bianca saw two thief opened the door. The sentence is inaccurate and the reason is
identical as the first sentence. The plural form of “thief” is “thieves” so the best sentence is
Bianca saw thieves opened the door.

3. That girl hugged her cried baby. The sentence is inaccurate because the characteristic
of the word “cry” is as an adjective and this is energetic in gift participle so the phrase “cry”
need to be modified into “crying”. the appropriate sentence is That woman hugged her crying
baby.

4. one day, he become sitting on a bench at his garden and notion for have a spouse. The
sentence is wrong because after the word “for” which shows approximately preposition have
to be observed by using verb –ing as a gerund and the verb –ing of “have” is “having”. the
correct sentence is one day, he changed into sitting on a bench at his lawn and idea for having
a spouse.

5. They have been were given hungry. The sentence is inaccurate due to the fact after the
phrase “have been” need to be followed by means of adjective, noun or verb –ing. inside the
sentence “had been” should be followed by way of verb –ing due to the fact using “had been”
inside the sentence as to be in past continuous stressful. The verb –ing of “got” is “getting” so
the suitable sentence is that they have been getting hungry.

6. The young infant was very type among her 4 kids. The sentence is inaccurate due to
the fact the sentence indicates approximately superlative form. The superlative shape of

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATION

some analyses about the errors made by the learner are concluded by the writer. The
conclusions are:

1. recognizing the characteristics of the beginners’ mistakes. most of them haven’t

mastered but the target language well so

2. they tended to make mistakes of their mom tongue.

“young” is “youngest” so the perfect sentence is The youngest infant become very type
amongst her 4 children.

3. most of the newbies’ mistakes happened inside the textual errors.

four. most of them have been stimulated through their mother tongue, in different hand;
they transferred at once to their mother tongue inspite of grammatically wrong.

4. The errors accomplished by using the newbies perhaps befell due to the trainer’s
fashion in teaching.
5. The newbies weren’t used to write or make an English narrative composition by using
the English teachers in order that they were given a few problems after they have been
requested to make an English narrative composition.

7. Then, she found the bears’s residence. The sentence is incorrect because in possessive
form if the noun ends with –s, it doesn’t need to put in writing ‘s, it just wishes to write the
apostrophe (‘), the appropriate sentence is Then, she located the bears’ house.

8. That female hugged her cried toddler. The sentence is incorrect due to the fact the
feature of the phrase “cry” is as an adjective and this is gift participle so the word “cry” need
to be changed into “crying”. the proper sentence is That lady hugged her crying child.

9. sooner or later, he was sitting on a bench at his garden and idea for have a spouse. The
sentence is incorrect due to the fact after the phrase “for” which indicates approximately
preposition must be accompanied by verb –ing as a gerund and the verb –ing of “have” is
“having”. the correct sentence is at some point, he turned into sitting on a bench at his lawn
and thought for having a spouse.

10. The people may want to guess what turned into concealed by way of the miser. The
sentence is wrong because after the word “became” which indicates about to be in past and it
ought to be accompanied through adjective, noun, verb –ing or verb III. however inside the
sentence the use of “become” as to be in passive so it have to be observed by way of verb III.
The verb III of “hide” is “hidden” and an appropriate sentence is The human beings should
bet what was hidden by way of the miser.
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Morphology II,

http://www.morphology2.html. Retrieved and downloaded on October twenty eighth,

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Narrative Composition, http://www.a way to write an English narrative composition.htm

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The variations among Derivational and Inflectional Morphology,

http://www.The variations between Derivational and Inflectional

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