DISEASE CASUATIVE INCUBATION PATHOGNOMIC SIGNS SIGNS AND MEDICAL VACCINATION NURSING CARE NURSING Dx

ORGANISM PERIOD SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT

AIDS Retrovirus / human 3-6 months - There are no fever, headache, - HIV medicine - NA - Promote skin - Impaired skin
immunodeficiency pathognomonic muscle aches and (called integrity, use integrity relate
virus (HIV) signs or symptoms joint pain, rash, antiretroviral nonabrasive, cutaneous
of HIV/AIDS sore throat and therapy or ART), nondrying manifestation
infection painful mouth people with HIV soaps and HIV infection,
sores, swollen can apply non- excoriation, an
lymph glands, live long and perfumed diarrhea.
mainly on the healthy lives and - Promote - Diarrhea relat
neck, diarrhea, prevent usual bowel enteric pathog
weight loss, cough, transmitting HIV patterns. of HIV infectio
night sweats to their sexual - Prevent - Risk for infecti
partners. infection. related to
- Improve immunodefici
activity - Activity
intolerance. intolerance re
- Maintain weakness, fati
thought malnutrition,
processes. impaired F&E
- Relieve pain balance, and
and hypoxia assoc
discomfort with pulmona
- Improve infections.
nutritional
status.
ANTHRAX Bacillus anthracis 1 -7 2 Fever, Skin sores,  Initial flu - Treatment for - anthrax - Improve - Ineffective air
days Vomiting like cutaneous vaccine patency of clearance rela
symptoms anthrax adsorbed airway. to obstruction
 Followed - Prehospital care (AVA) - Improve the airway.
by - Emergency breathing - Ineffective
respiratory department care pattern. breathing patt
distress - Consultations - Improve related to a
 Shock - Deterrence and swallowing. decrease in lu
  Skin prevention - Eliminate expansion.
lesions diarrhea. - Impaired
(cutaneous - Improve swallowing re
form) tissue to mechanical
integrity. obstruction
- Improve (oropharyngea
temperature edema).
to normal - Diarrhea relat
range. increased moti
of the GI.
- Impaired tissu
integrity relate
irritant toxin
anthrax bacte
- Hyperthermia
related to an
increase in
metabolic
demand.
BUBONIC PLAGUE Yersinia pestis 2 to 6 days  Fever  Sudden  Antibiotic;  Killed  Maintain  Risk for infection relat

 Headache onset Gentamicin Whole Cell standard Yersinia pestis

 Chills fever Fluoroquinolone vaccine precaution /  Impaired skin integrity

 Weakness  Chills s (KWC0) isolate related to buboes (sw
 Painful lymph  Weakness  Live  Encourage lymph nodes)
nodes  Painful Attenuated frequent  Fear related to the se
swollen vaccine handwashing of illness and potentia
lymph complications
nodes  Deficient knowledge r
(buboes) to prevention treatmen

CANDIDIASIS Candida albicans 7 – 10 days Cheeselike discharge  Vaginal itching  Antifungal; Echinocandin NDV-3  Relieve mouth  Risk for impair
 Pain during (caspofungin, micafungin, discomfort skin integrity
sexual or anidulafungin) related to can
intercourse  Fluconazole, overgrowth
 Pain when
 urinating  Amphotericin B.
Abnormal vaginal
discharge
CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia 2 – 3 weeks Often asymptomatic;  Often  Antibiotics No Specific Vaccine  Educating on safe  Risk for sexual transm

trachomatis for male; testing is essential for asymptomatic; Azithromycin sex practices related to chlamydial
usually no diagnosis when present Doxycycline  Promoting infection
symptoms  Symptoms may adherence to  Risk for impaired soci
for females include genital antibiotic therapy interaction related to t
discharge stigma associated wit
 Burning sensation sexually transmitted
Abdominal pain infections.

CHOLERA Vibrio cholerae 1 – 5 days Rice-watery stool  Profuse watery Oral rehydration therapy, Cholera Vaccine is  Rehydration  Fluid volume deficit re
antibiotics Available
after Washer’s woman hands diarrhea measures to severe diarrhea and
ingestion of  Vomiting  Isolation to prevent vomiting
bacteria  Dehydration the spread of  Risk for infection relat
infection exposure to Vibrio cho

DYSENTERY Various bacteria 1 to 7 days Blood and mucus in stools  Fever Antibiotics, Antiparasitic Specific vaccines may  Hydration and  Risk for imbalanced
medications be available depending nutrition:: Less than b
(including Shigella  Abdominal pain on the causative nutrition support
requirements related t
and Entamoeba  Diarrhea with organism  Isolation precautions gastrointestinal sympt
histilytica blood and mucus

GONORRHEA Neisseria 2 – 10 days Burning sensation upon  Genital discharge  Antibiotics No Specific Vaccine  Education on safe  Risk for sexual transm
related to gonococcal
gonorrheae urination  Pain during Ceftriaxone Azithromycin sex practices
infection
urination  Supportive care and
 Pelvic pain counseling
(women)

HELMINTHES Various Parasitic Enteral Phase Presence of worm eggs or larvae  Abdominal pain Anthelmintic Infections No Specific Vaccine  Administering  Risk for imbalanced
in stool
Worms 1-2 days  Diarrhea or anthelmintic nutrition: Less than bo
constipation medications requirements related t
Parenteral  Visible worms in  Educationg on nutrient competition w
Phase stool (in some personal hygiene worms
2-8 weeks cases)  Risk for infection to
exposure to parasitic
HEPATITIS HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Normally 15-50  There may not be specific  Fever  Supportive care  Hepatitis A  Strict hygiene  Risk for imbalanced
HEPATITIS B days pathognomic signs, but  Nausea and  Rest Vaccine is measures to prevent nutrition: Less than bo
Hepatitis B Virus HEPATITIS B jaundice (yellowing of the vomiting  Adequate nutriton available and the spread of the requirements related t
(HBV) 60-150 days, skin and eyes) is a key  Abdominal pain recommended for virus nausea, vomiting, and
 Hydration
with an average
clinical feature.  Dark urine prevention.  Education on proper abdominal pain
of 90 days
handwashing and  Risk for infection relat
 Clay-colored HEPATITIS B
HEPATITIS B HEPATITIS B sanitation exposure to the Hepa
stools  Antiviral medications
 Hepatitis B surface antigen  Hepatitis B Virus
 Supportive care
(HBsAg) in the blood is a Vaccine is HEPATITIS B
key marker. HEPATITIS B Liver transplant in severe cases
available and  Standard HEPATITIS B
 Jaundice
recommended for precautions to  Risk for infection relat
 Fatigue
prevention prevent transmission exposure to the Hepa
 Abdominal pain
 Monitoring liver Virus
 Loss of appetite
function  Risk ffor impaired skin
Joint pain  Educating on the integrity related to pru
importance of associated with jaund
completing the
vaccine series

HERPES HSV – 1 (Herpes 6 – 8 days Painful, fluid-filled blisters  Painful sores or  Antiviral medications; No Specific Vaccine  Managing pain and  Acute pain related to

simplex virus 1), blisters Acyclovir discomfort herpetic lesions

HSV – 2 (Herpes  Itching Valacyclovir  Providing emotional  Risk for infection to th
simplex virus 2)  Flu like symptoms support presence of open lesi
during the initial
outbreak

INFECTIOUS Epstein-Barr Virus 4 to 6 weeks Presence of a typical  Fever Supportive care and Rest No Specific Vaccine  Rest and symptom  Fatigue related to incr
(EBV) lymphocytes
MONONUCLEOUSIS  Fatigue management merabolic demands
 Sore throat  Monitoring for  Risk for infection relat
 Swollen lymph complications compromised immune
nodes function

LEPROSY Mycobacterium 5 ½ months Leonine facies (thickened  Skin lesions Multi-antibiotic theraphy (e.g., BCG Vaccine  Health Education of  Altered body image an
rifampicin, dapsone)
leprae to 8 years lion-like facial skin)  Numbness Mode of social stigma

Nerve involvement with

 acid fast bacilli  Muscle weakness Transmission

MENINGITIS Neisseria 1-10 days Kernig’s & Brudzinski sign  Fever Antibiotics (for bacterial Meningococcal and  Monitoring vital  Risk for infection relat
meningitis), antivirals, Haemophilus influenzae
meningitidis  Sore throat
supportive care type b (Hib) vaccines
signs exposureto meningitis
 Headache  Administering causing oraganisms
 Cough and Colds medications as  Acute pain related to s
 Body malaise prescribed headache and neck
 (+) Kernig sign stiffness
 (+) Brudzinski sign

PEDICULOSIS Pediculus humanus 7-10 days Presence of lice or nits (eggs) in  Itching of the Topical pediculicides, removal No Specific Vaccine  Educating on proper  Disturbed body image
capitis (Head Louse) the hair of nits
scalp hygiene and related to lice infestati
 Visible lice or nits prevention  Risk for impaired skin
 Providing emotional integrity related to
support scratching

POLIO Polio virus; (T1) 7 – 21 days Poker’s sign, Haynes sign  Severe muscle Supportive care, physical Inactivated Polio  Monitoring for signs  Impaired mobility rela
theraphy Vaccine (IPV)
Brunhilde, (T2) pain of respiratory muscle weakness or

Lansing, (T3) Leon  Stiffness of distress paralysis

Hamstring  Assisting with  Risk for infection relat
 Presence of mobility and compromised immune
Hoyre’s sign activities of daily function (in severe ca
 Opisthotonus living
Paralysis
RABIES Rhabdovirus 10 days – 15 Hydrophobia/photophobia  Fever Rabies post-exposure Pre-exposure  Wound care if  Fear related to the se
prophylaxis (PEP) with rabies vaccination is available
years in  Headache
immune globulin (RIG) if for individual at risk
exposure occurs of rabies and potentia

human  Excessive exposure occurs  Emotional support complications

salivation due to the severity of  Risk for infection to
 Muscle spasms the disease exposure to the rabies
 Neurological
symptoms leading
to death

SCHISTOSOMIASIS Schistosoma 18 – 84 days Presence of schistosome eggs in  Abdominal pain Antiparasitic medications No Specific Vaccine  Monitoring for  Risk for imbalance nu
feces or urine
mansoni, S.  Diarrhea complications less than body

japonicum, S.  Blood in the urine  Educationg on requirements related t

 Haematobium, S.  Liver and spleen preventive measures gastrointestinal sympt

intercalatum, S. enlargement (avoiding  Risk for infection relat

mekongi contaminated water) exposure to schistoso

parasites

SYPHILIS Treponema 21 days Presence of syphilis sores  Chancre sores Antibiotics (e.g., penicilin) No Specific Vaccine  Promoting  Risk for sexual transm
(chancre)
palladium  Skin rashes adherence to to syphilis infection

(spirochete  Systemic symptom antibiotic theraphy  Anxiety to the stigma

bacterium) in in later changes  Partner notification associated with sexua
if untreated and education transmitted infections

TYPHOID Salmonellae typhi 10 – 14 days Rose Spot  High fever Antibiotics Typhoid Vaccines  Administering  Risk for infection to
 Headache antibiotics and exposure to salmonel
 Abdominal pain monitoring response typhi
 Diarrhea or  Hydration and  Risk for imbalanced
constipation nutrition support nutrition: less than bo
requirements to
gastrointestinal sympt

TETANUS Clostridium tetani 3 days to 3 Risus Sardonicus  Muscle Tetanus vaccine, Wound care, Tetanus toxoid is part of  Wound care and  Risk for injury to musc
Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG) routine vaccinations
weeks (adult) stiffness(trismus,
if applicable
monitoring for stiffness and spasms

3 to 30 days neck, abdomen complications  Acute pain to muscle

(newborn) muscle, )  Administering spasms
 Spasms vaccines as needed
 Difficulty
swallowing
 Difficulty sucking

RED TIDE Dinoflagellates 30 minutes Presence of neurotoxins in  Neurological Supportive care, symptomatic No Specific Vaccine  Monitoring and  Risk for aspiration to
contaminated shellfish treatment
POISONING to several systoms managing symptoms nausea and vomiting

hours after  Nausea  Educationg on  Disturbed sensory

ingestion  Vomiting avoiding perception to neurotox
 Severe cases, contaminated effects
respiratory distress shellfish
REFERENCE

 Week 13 and Week 14 in Canvas

 Navales, Dionesia M. (2010). Handbook of Common Communicable and Infectious Disease, C and E Publishing, Inc. QC.
 Kaur, Gurpreet. (2023). Advancing Vaccine Strategies against Candida Infections: Exploring New Frontiers.