- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1(a) breakdown by (the passage of) 2

electricity (1)
of an ionic compound in
molten/aqueous (state) (1)

1(b) they do not react 1

1(c) negative electrode: hydrogen 2

(gas) (1)
positive electrode: oxygen (gas)
(1)

+ −
1(d) H + e( ) as the only species 2
on the left (1)
equation fully correct (1)
+ −
2H + 2e( ) → H2 (scores
2)

2(a) breakdown of an ionic 2

compound when molten or in
aqueous solution (1)
(using) electricity / electric
current / electrical energy (1)

2(b) platinum / graphite 1

+
2(c) 2H + 2e → H2 1
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

+ + − −
2(d) Na H Cl OH 2
all four (2) 3 or 2 (1)

+ −
2(e) H and Cl are discharged / 2
removed (1)
+ −
Na and OH remain (1)

3(a)(i) bauxite 1

3(a)(ii) breakdown by (the passage of) 2

electricity (1)
of an ionic compound in,
molten / aqueous (state) (1)

3(b)(i) cryolite 1

3(b)(ii) less CO2 emission 1

3+ -
3(b)(iii) Al + 3e → Al 4
any positive Al species gaining
electron(s) (1)
correct species and balance (1)
2- -
2O → O2 + 4e
any negative O species losing
electron(s) (1)
correct species and balance
(1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3(b)(iv) anodes or carbon / graphite 2

react with oxygen / O2 (1)
(form) carbon dioxide (1)

4(a) arrow (anywhere) going from Zn 1

→ Cu

4(b) reading would decrease (1) 2

Fe less reactive than Zn (1)
OR
difference in reactivity (between
Fe and Cu) is smaller

4(c) Ag less reactive than Cu 1

5(a) 720(.09) 1

5(b) (it contains) ions (1) 2

(ions) are able to move (1)

5(c) magnesium is not inert 1

5(d) bromine / Br2 1

+ (–)
5(e) H and e on LHS (1) 2
+ –
fully correct, i.e.: 2H + 2e →
H2 (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(a) platinum 1

6(b) chlorine 1

+ –
6(c) 2H (aq) + 2e → H2(g) 3
+ –
H + e on left hand side (1)
rest of equation (1)
state symbols of (aq) → (g)
(1)

6(d) increases 3
(sodium) hydroxide is formed
(sodium) hydroxide is an alkali

7(a) M1 spoon as cathode 4

M2 (pure) silver as anode
M3 aqueous silver nitrate as
electrolyte
+ –
M4 Ag + e → Ag

7(b) any one from: 1

• Improves appearance
• prevent / resist
corrosion / oxidation
• antibacterial
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8(a) inert / unreactive / does not react 1

with chlorine

8(b) bubbles / fizzing / effervescence 1

8(c) M1 increases 2
M2 (solid) copper deposited

8(d) M1 colour fades / becomes 2

pale(r) / becomes
colourless / becomes lighter
M2 copper (ions) removed (from
solution)

8(e) M1 species oxidised: chloride 2

–
(ions) / Cl
M2 explanation: loss of
electrons / increase in oxidation
state

9(a) M1 electrolyte aqueous or 3

solution of named nickel salt
M2 anode impure nickel
M3 cathode pure nickel

9(b) nickel produced at cathode 1

under the liquid surface
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(a) hydrogen 1

10(b) Heat until magnesium chloride 1

is molten and electrolyse

11(a) M1 inert / unreactive 2

M2 conducts electricity

11(b) 6
name name
observato
i n of observato
i n of
at the product at the product
anode at the cathode at the
(+) anode (−) cathode
(+) (−)

M1
green / M2 M3
yellow chlorine hydrogen
bubbles

M5
M4 pink / M6
oxygen brown copper
solid

12 a green gas would be seen (on 1

the anode)

13(a) (a pink/brown) solid / deposit 1

forms
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13(b) bubbles / fizzing (at the anode) 2

(1)
solution becomes paler / less
blue / colourless (1)

14 any three from: 3

(apparatus A): solution becomes
paler / fades in A (1)
(apparatus B): solution stays the
same colour in B (1)
(explanation):
copper ions removed (but not
added) / copper ions not
replaced in A
OR
copper ions both removed and
added (at the same rate) / copper
ions are being replaced
(continually) in B (1)

+ (–)
15(a) H + e as the only species on 4
the left (1)
equation fully correct (1)
+ (–)
2H + 2e → H2
bromine at the anode (1)
potassium hydroxide (1)

15(b) potassium 1
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

16 substance that conducts 2

electricity / (undergoes)
electrolysis (1)
decomposed / chemically
changed
OR
molten / liquid / solution / aqueous
AND containing ions / ionic (1)

17(a) copper formed / copper 1

deposited

17(b) oxygen 1

17(c) copper removed or copper lost 1

or copper forms ions

18(a) electrons 1

18(b) (positive and negative) ions 1

18(c) nickel (1) 3

iodine (1)
2+ -
Ni + 2e → Ni
- -
OR 2I → I 2 + 2e (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

19 oxidation (because) 1
2-
(the O ion OR ‘oxide ions’) lose
electrons
OR
2-
(the O ion OR ‘oxide ions’)
oxidation number increases

20 electrodes / anodes are made 2

from carbon / graphite (1)
oxygen (made) reacts with
carbon / anode (1)

2+ –
21 Cu (aq) + 2e → Cu(s) 3
1 mark for any equation which
2+
has Cu as the product or Cu
ions on left
1 mark for correct species
1 mark for correct state
symbols

22(a) M1 breakdown of an ionic 2

compound when molten or in
aqueous solution
M2 (by the passage of)
electricity / electric
current / electrical energy

22(b) hydrogen 3
chlorine
sodium hydroxide
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

+ –
22(c) 2H (aq) + 2e → H2(g) 2
+ −
M1 H on left hand side with e
added
M2 fully correct equation

23(a) the wires: electrons (1) 2

the electrolyte: ions (1)

23(b) any 2 from: 2

• increases conductivity
• as a solvent
• lowers the operating
temperature

3+ –
23(c) Al + 3e → Al 1

23(d) oxygen is made at the anode 3

(1)
the anodes are made of carbon
(1)
oxygen (made) reacts with
carbon (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(a) anode made of: impure copper 3

(1)
cathode made of: (pure) copper
(1)
electrolyte of: (aqueous) copper
sulfate (1)

24(b) silver (impurities) fall to the 3

bottom of the cell (1)
zinc (impurities) (dissolve) into
solution (as ions) (1)
because zinc is more reactive
than copper AND silver is less
reactive than copper (1)

25(a) the breakdown (into elements) 2

(1)
of an (ionic) compound by (the
passage of) electricity (1)

25(b)(i) oxygen 1

25(b)(ii) glowing splint (1) 2

relights (1)

+ –
25(b)(iii) 2H + 2e → H2 1
+
M1 gain of electrons by H
M2 rest of equation
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

25(c) the wires: electrons (1) 2

the electrolyte: ions (1)

25(d) any two from: 2

• green gas at positive
electrode
• bulb is brighter
• rate of bubbles increases

26(a) zinc more reactive (than 1

iron/steel)

loses electrons 1

electrons move (from zinc) to 1

iron

Zinc reacts (with air and water) 1

or zinc corrodes or zinc is
oxidised or zinc is anodic or zinc
forms positive ions or zinc forms
2+
Zn or iron and steel don’t react
with air/water or iron and steel
are not oxidised or iron and
steel do not form ions or iron
and steel do not lose electrons
or iron and steel are cathodic
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

26(b) R to L in wire 1

+ –
26(c) 2H + 2e → H2 2
species (1) balancing (1)

27(a) bauxite 1

27(b) M1 aluminium oxide / 2

amphoteric oxide dissolves OR
iron(III) oxide / basic oxide does
not
M2 filter COND on M1

27(c) Any two from: 2

lowers (working) temperature or
lowers mpt (of mixture)
increases conductivity
reduces cost OR energy need

28(a) sulfuric acid 1

2+
28(b) Zn + 2e → Zn 1

oxygen or water 1 Allow: O2 and H2O if no

name seen

sulfuric acid 1 Allow: H2SO4 if no

name seen
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29(a) from zinc to carbon 1

(clockwise direction on or near
the wire)

29(b) to allow ions to flow 1

29(c) oxidation 1
and loss of electron(s) or
increase in oxidation
number/state

reduction 1
and decrease in oxidation
number/state or gain of
electron(s)

30(a) correct direction from zinc to 1

lead

30(b) metals react by losing 1

electrons

the more reactive metal / zinc 1

will lose electrons more readily
(making the
electrode negatively charged)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

31(a) manganese and zinc are more 1

reactive than lead (and / or
copper)

lead is more reactive than 1

copper

31(b) the polarity of a Mn / Zn (cell) 1

or the voltages of Zn / Pb and
Mn / Pb (cells)

32 one mark each for: 5

• positive electrode: bromine /
Br2
• negative electrode: lead /
Pb
AND
one mark each for any three of:
• 2 electrodes dipping into
liquid
• electrolyte labelled (as
electrolyte or lead bromide)
• power pack or batteries
labelled and leads connected
correctly to electrodes
• electrodes labelled anode
and cathode / electrodes
labelled positive and negative
electrodes
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

33 one mark each for: 5

• positive electrode: chlorine /
Cl 2
• negative electrode: hydrogen
/ H2
AND
one mark each for any three of:
• 2 electrodes dipping into
liquid
• electrolyte labelled (as
electrolyte or hydrochloric acid)
• power pack or batteries
labelled and leads connected
correctly to electrodes
• electrodes labelled anode and
cathode / electrodes labelled
positive electrode and
negative electrode
• test-tubes over electrodes (to
collect gases)

34(a) anode (on left) and cathode (on 2

right) correctly labelled
test-tubes / measuring cylinders
over each electrode with open
ends dipping into the
electrolyte
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

34(b) positive electrode: chlorine / Cl 2

2

negative electrode: hydrogen /

H2

34(c) platinum 2
inert / unreactive

35(a)(i) anode (on right) and cathode (on 2

left)
power supply added AND
connecting wire from each end
of power supply to separate
electrodes

35(a)(ii) positive electrode: bromine / Br2 2

negative electrode: magnesium

/ Mg

35(b)(i) inert / unreactive 1

35(b)(ii) platinum / graphite 1

 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

36(a) anode (left) AND cathode (right) 3

correctly labelled (1)
leads connected correctly to
electrodes (1)
test-tubes over both electrodes
and dipping into electrolyte (1)

36(b) positive electrode: oxygen / O2 2

(1)
negative electrode: hydrogen /
H2 (1)

37(a) (anhydrous) cobalt chloride 1

37(b) graphite 1

37(c) calcium oxide 1

37(d) aluminium 1

37(e) ceramic 1

38(a) bauxite 1

38(b) positive electrode: oxygen / O2 2

/ O (1)
negative electrode:
aluminium / Al (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

38(c) aluminium is too 1

reactive / aluminium is very
reactive / aluminium is high in the
reactivity series

39(a) cathode (spoon) correctly 2

labelled (1)
electrolyte correctly labelled
(1)

39(b) spoon silvery in colour 1

39(c) more corrosion resistant / more 1

attractive appearance

40(a) positive electrode: oxygen (1) 2

negative electrode: hydrogen
(1)

40(b) bubbles / effervescence 1

40(c) graphite is 1
inert / unreactive / does not react
with the electrolyte ORA

[Total: 201]