9/2/22, 11:38 AM Generic Characteristics of DC Solenoid | TDS Co., Ltd.

Generic Characteristics of DC Solenoid | TDS Co., LTD.

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General Characteristics of
DC Solenoid

Standard Specifications of
DC Solenoid
General Characteristics of DC Solenoid
Precautions For Use

The following general characteristics are critical to select a solenoid using the Pull Force Characteristics of
Definitions and Terminologies DC Solenoids (stroke/ pull force and power/ pull force graphs) in the data sheets.

1. Decrease in Pull Force due to Temperature Rise

Technical Notes

Explanation Example
FAQs
Given pull force characteristics in the data sheets The relationship between temperature and coil
are the measured values at an ambient resistance can be calculated by the temperature
℃
temperature of 20 . As a solenoid heats up, its coefficient of magnet wire wrapped around coil.
pull force decreases. The coil resistance increases ℃
Assuming 20 as 1, the relationship among
and flowing current decreases as the temperature temperature, resistance, and current can be
rise of the solenoid and its ambient temperature described as the chart below.
rise when energized, resulting in the ℃
Temp. ( ) 0 20 60 100 120
magnetomotive force to be smaller.
Resistance Ratio 0.9 1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Current Ratio 1.1 1 0.8 0.75 0.7

Pull Force decrease is the squared value of
℃
current: at 100 , 0.75*0.75=0.56, thus, it
decreases to approx. 60% of the force at 20 . ℃
2. Stroke

Explanation Example

Some of the solenoid selection criteria are stroke
and pull force required by the application. To select
a best suited solenoid, please also consider the
duty cycle and the wattage applied.
For a solenoid that operates at 4 mm Stroke with
2.94N (300g) Pull Force (a margin of safety is 1.8,
thus, 5.3N (540g)), you can select either TDS-08A
(13.6W) or TDS-10A (10W) by the Pull Force
Characteristics.

3. Duty Cycle

Explanation Example

(A) Operation frequency is represented by duty Energized (ON) time: 1 sec.

cycle as shown below. De-energized (OFF)time: 3 sec.

(B) A small duty cycle decreases the power
consumption per second and increases margins for
temperature rise, which allows applying a larger
power. This means that a larger pull force can be
obtained compared to that of a continuous
2-5-5, Shinmei-cho, OKAYA, Nagano, operation rating. The maximum allowable power
394-0004, Japan applied is limited by the continuous operation rating
TEL: +81-266-23-4517 power specified by the temperature rise value
FAX: +81-266-23-4523 (solenoid’s insulation class), which can be
Access
The continuous rating (duty cycle: 100%) for TDS-
08A is 3.4W. Under the operating condition
described above, the max applied power will be as
following.
The max power of 13.6W can be applied. Under
the 3.4W rating, the initial Pull Force at 4mm
Stroke is 1.18N (120g) , while the Pull Force when
13.6W is applied becomes 5.3N (530g) according
to the Pull Force characteristics curve. After
temperature rise, a decreased Pull Force can be

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9/2/22, 11:38 AM Generic Characteristics of DC Solenoid | TDS Co., Ltd.
calculated by the formula below. obtained by multiplying the current ratio in the
above chart.

(C) The maximum ON time duration varies by
model. We can select a best suited model to
operating conditions required. Please feel free to
contact us.
With the applied power of 25% duty cycle, the time
for Coil temperature to rise from 20℃ to 80℃ is as
following.
TDS-05C, 6.8W: Approx. 1 minute
TDS-10A, 16.8W: Approx. 2 minutes

4. Plunger Angles

Explanation Example

(A)Most of the standard solenoids online come with This type of Plunger is best suited for the Solenoid
plungers with 40 to 50°tapered configuration. that the ratio of Stroke length (L) to Plunger
diameter (D), L/D is about 0.2.

(B)Flat-faced plungers generally have 3 to 5 times This type of Plunger is suited when high Pull Force
larger holding force than (A). is required, or the ratio (L/D) is small (less than
0.1).

(C)Plunger with 90°angle generally have 1.5 to 2 Typical pull force/ stroke curves for various plunger
times larger holding force than (A). This type of face configurations.
Plunger is suited for a solenoid required to operate
at a stroke between (A) and (B).

(D)Stepped plungers may be suited when both pull

force and holding force are important.

5. Residual Magnetism

Explanation Example

Solenoids with plunger face configuration as (B), Please consult with us separately if you require a
(C) can obtain a relatively large holding force, but small residual magnetism.
those of *Residual Magnetism also become larger.
Residual magnetism tends to increase as plunger
operations are repeated. Please consult with us
separately if you require a small residual
magnetism.

6. Life Expectancy

Explanation Example

Long life can be assured by a choice of surface Nickel coating

finishing on the sliding surface of component (e.g. Molybdenum disulfide coating
Plunger). Fluorocarbon resin coating

7. Noise Reduction/ Silencing

Explanation Example

Solenoids generate impact noise when plunger is Cushioning material: Rubber Damper

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9/2/22, 11:38 AM Generic Characteristics of DC Solenoid | TDS Co., Ltd.
attracted to the fixed core. This noise can be Structure: External noise reduction, Internal noise
reduced by adding a cushioning material to the reduction.
solenoid structure; however, it also lowers its
holding force and pull force. There are silent
solenoids with no fixed core installed inside that
does not generate impact noise when plunger is
pulled.

8. Others

Please consult with us for other special/ customized design requirements for functions (e.g. push type,
double-coil type, mold-coil type) or structures (e.g. terminal type, lead-wire type, connectors, thermal
fuses, diodes).

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