University of Koya

College of Education
Department of English
Stage 1

Prepared: Suze Wali

Lecture: Academic Computing
For Mr. Neshrwan

Read Only Memory

13/11/2023
Overview of ROM

ROM is a non-volatile memory chip that stores data and

instructions essential for booting up a computer or electronic
device. Its primary characteristic is that the data written to
ROM remains unchanged, making it "read-only" and
impervious to alterations during normal operation. This
immutable nature ensures stability and reliability in storing
critical system instructions.
Introducing

Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a fundamental component of

computing that stores data permanently. Unlike Random-
Access Memory (RAM), ROM retains information even when a
computer is powered off. This report aims to explore the
features, types, uses, and significance of ROM in various
technological domains.
Types of ROM

Mask ROM (MROM): Manufactured with data programmed

during fabrication. It's costly and irreversible, making it
suitable for large production runs of fixed devices like gaming
consoles or appliances.
Programmable ROM (PROM): Users can program data into
PROM once through a special device called a PROM
programmer. Once programmed, the data becomes
permanent, but the process is irreversible.
Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM): Allows for data
erasure and reprogramming through exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) light. Once erased, new data can be programmed onto the
chip. However, this process is complex and requires specialized
equipment.
Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM): Enables
data erasure and reprogramming electrically, making it more
user-friendly than EPROM. EEPROM can be altered and
rewritten multiple times.
Uses and Applications

Firmware: Essential software stored in ROM that controls the

fundamental functions of hardware components.
Bootstrap Loader: Holds the initial code necessary for booting
up a computer or other devices.
Embedded Systems: Used in devices like smartphones, routers,
and IoT devices to store critical instructions and data.
Cartridges for Gaming Consoles: ROM chips store game data
and instructions in gaming cartridges.
Significance of ROM

Data Integrity and Stability: Provides a secure and unchanging

storage space for critical instructions and data.
System Booting: Holds the code needed for the computer to
start, ensuring the proper initialization of hardware and
software components.
Embedded Systems Reliability: Ensures the stability and
functionality of embedded devices critical for daily operations.
Windows has been a dominant force in the operating system
market for decades, and its influence continues to be felt today.
Its user friendly interface, compatibility, and wide range of
features make it a popular choice for both personal and
professional users. As technology continues to evolve, Windows
is likely to remain a major player in the computing landscape.
Conclusion
Read-Only Memory (ROM) plays a pivotal role in computing and
electronics by offering a permanent and secure storage solution for
critical system data and instructions. Its various types cater to
different needs, ensuring data permanence and stability across
diverse technological applications. Understanding ROM's significance
underscores its crucial role in the seamless operation of electronic
systems.
References
1- Tanenbaum, Andrew S. "Structured Computer Organization."
Pearson, 2012.
2- Hamacher, Carl, et al. "Computer Organization and Design: The
Hardware/Software Interface." Morgan Kaufmann, 2011.