Module 2 - Unit 1

Module 2: Internet 2022-2023
Unit 1: Internet of Things

1.1 Listening
What is the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects — devices, vehicles, buildings
and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity —
that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
In pairs, think about all the possible smart devices in a house:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Fill in the spaces with the following words:

cars certified data devices dropped embedded engine even gathers improving
language must needs needs notices on platform recommended replacement rules
same secure Streamlined the they triggered trip valuable way where
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSIPNhOiMoE)
The internet of things is changing much about the world we live in. From the way we drive, to how
we make purchases and (1)___________ how we get energy for our homes. Sophisticated sensors
and chips are (2)___________ in the physical things that surround us, each transmitting
(3)___________ data. Data that lets us better understand how these things work and work together.
But how exactly do these devices share such large quantities of data and how do we put that
information to work? Whether we are (4)___________ the production of a factory, giving city
residents real time update on (5)___________ to park or monitoring our personal health, it’s the
common Internet of Things platform that brings us diverse information together and provides the
common (6)___________ for the devices and apps to communicate with each other. The process
starts with the devices themselves which securely communicate with an Internet of Things platform.
This platform integrates the data from many (7)___________ and applies analytics to share the most
valuable data with applications that address industry specific (8)___________.
Let’s start with a simple example: a car. After taking a long road (9)___________, Rebecca
(10)___________ that her check (11)___________ light has come on. She knows that she needs to
have her car looked at by a mechanic but is not sure whether it’s something minor or something that
(12)___________ immediate attention. As it turns out, the sensor that (13)___________ Rebecca’s
check engine light monitors the pressure in her brake line. This sensor is one of many monitoring
processes throughout the car which are constantly communicating with each other. A component in
the car called the diagnostic bus (14)___________ (15)___________ from all these sensors, then
passes it to a gateway in the car. The gateway integrates and sorts the data from the sensors. This
(16)___________, only the most relevant diagnostic information will be transmitted to the
manufacturers platform but, before sending this organized data, the car’s gateway and platform
(17)___________ first register with each other and confirm a (18)___________ communication. The
platform is constantly gathering and storing thousands of bits of information from Rebecca’s car and
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Inglés intermedio alto para la informática
hundreds of thousands of cars like hers building a historical record in a secure database. The
manufacturers added (19)___________ and logic to the (20)___________, so when Rebecca’s car
sends a signal that her brake fluid has (21)___________ below a (22)___________ level, the
platform triggers an alert in her car.
The manufacturer also uses the platform to create and manage applications that solve specific
issues. In this case, the manufacturer can deploy an application (23)___________ the platform called
the asset management system. This application oversees all of their customers’ cars on the road as
well as all the parts in their warehouses. It uses the data from Rebecca's car to offer her a potential
appointment time to service her car, directions to the nearest (24)___________ dealer and a coupon
for the service. What's more the app will ensure that Rebecca's brakes are covered under her
warranty, that the correct (25)___________ part is ordered and then sent to the dealership so it is
ready when she arrives.
But the manufacturers’ analysis does not stop there; (26)___________ have also deployed a
continuous engineering application that tracks not only Rebecca's car but hundreds of thousands of
others looking for ways to improve (27)___________ design and manufacturing process of the car
itself. If the same problem in her brake line crops up in a critical number of other (28)___________,
the manufacturer uses applications custom-built for the automobile industry to pinpoint the exact
problem. They can see if these cars were made at the (29)___________ factory, used the same parts
or came off the assembly line on the same day. So what do all these pieces add up to?
(30)___________ inventory management for the dealer, a better safer car from the manufacturer
and, for Rebecca, it means she can be back on the road faster and get to where she's going safely all
thanks to the Internet of Things.
Listening Comprehension Questions:
1. How is the Internet of things changing our world?
a) It tells us how to park.

b) It tells us when to go to the doctor.
c) It makes purchases for us.
d) It brings diverse information together to help us in our daily tasks
2. What do sensors and chips do (according to the text)?
a) They are embedded in physical things.

b) They turn on the lights when we get home.
c) They transmit valuable data.
d) They understand data.
3. What does an Internet of Things platform do?
a) It disintegrates data.
b) It integrates data.
c) It integrates and analyses data.
d) It brings diverse information together.
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4. What is the problem with Rebecca's car?
a) It has no brakes.
b) The brake fluid is low.
c) The brake fluid is high.
d) The brake line has broken.
5. "Gathers data" means
a) collects data
b) amasses data
c) accumulates data
d) harvests data
6. What does the asset management system do?
a) It keeps dangerous cars off the roads.

b) It oversees all cars.
c) It offers various services to make sure cars, car parts and car dealers function properly.
d) It manages all car parts.
7. A continuous engineering application tracks
a) hundreds of cars.
b) thousands of cars
c) millions of cars.
d) hundreds of thousands of cars.
8. Manufacturers can see
a) if all the cars were made at the same time.

b) if all the factories made the cars at the same time.
c) if all the car parts were used at the same time.
d) if cars were made in the same factory, used the same parts or were part of the same
assembly line.
9. At the end of the text, it says
a) Rebecca feels safer and drives faster.

b) Rebecca will get her car back quicker and knows her car is safe.
c) Rebecca will get home faster and safer.
d) Rebecca is unhappy with the service.
10. Which of these is not a smart device?
a) Micro-controller for an irrigation system

b) An automatic gate
c) A wooden door
d) An automatic thermostat
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1.2 Speaking
Internet of Skills – where robotics meets AI, 5G and the Tactile Internet
In pairs, look at the figure below and discuss what it shows.
(figure by Professor Mischa Dohler & Professor Gerhard Fettweis, Fellows of the IEEE)
1.3 Grammar
Passive Tenses
The passive tenses are formed by using the appropriate tense of the verb 'to be' and
the past participle of the main verb.
 Form of Passive
Subject + to be + Past Participle
Example:
He prepared an invoice  An invoice was prepared.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
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The most commonly used passive tenses are the following:
Tense Subject Verb Object

Simple Present Active All the family loves the dog.
Passive The dog Is loved by all the family

Simple Past Active Ana prepared the lunch.
Passive The lunch was prepared by Ana

Present Perfect Active Ana has prepared the lunch.
Passive The lunch has been by Ana

prepared
Future Active They will make the car in Spain.
Passive The car will be made In Spain.
Present Continuous Active: Rita is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.
Active: Rita was writing a letter.

Past Continuous
was being
Passive: A letter by Rita.
written
Active: Rita had written a letter.

Past Perfect
had been
written
will have
Active: Rita a letter.
written
Future Perfect
will have been
written
The passive tenses are formed by using the appropriate tense of the verb `to be' and the
past participle of the main verb. The most commonly used passive tenses are:
Simple Present: The invoices are prepared first thing every morning.
Present Continuous: The invoices are being prepared.
Simple Past: The invoices were prepared.
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Past Continuous: The invoices were being prepared.
Present Perfect: The invoices have been prepared.
Past Perfect: The invoices had been prepared.
Future Simple: The invoices will be prepared.
Future Perfect: The invoices will have been prepared by six o'clock this evening.
Passive Tenses
For Questions 1-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words.
1. The examiner tells candidates the regulations at the beginning of the exam.
TOLD
At the beginning of the exam candidates .................................... the regulations.
2. Did we send that letter to Mr Thomas?

WAS
Do you know if ........................................ to Mr Thomas?
3. We haven't arranged a date for the wedding yet.

BEEN
A date for the wedding .............................................. yet.
4. They will have given him the news by now.

TOLD
He .............................................. the news by now.
5. Experts estimate that most people now have access to the Internet.
IS
.................................................. most people now have access to the Internet.
6. The garage on the corner usually repairs my car.

REPAIRED
................................................... by the garage on the corner.
7. Steve definitely didn't write that essay.

WRITTEN
That essay ........................................................................... by Steve.
8. The police have cancelled the demonstration.

HAS
The demonstration ....................................................... by the police.
9. Peter designs and builds customized computers.

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ARE
Customized computers ………………………………………………………………….. .
10. They are restoring the bridge.

RESTORED
The bridge ……………………………………………………………………………………… .
1.4 Vocabulary
Word Building (1): Negative Prefixes
Prefix Example Meaning

a- amoral `not', `without'
anti- anti-social against
counter- counteract to oppose an action
contra- contradict in opposition to
de- decrease to reverse a process
dis- disadvantage the opposite of
il- illogical opposite to
im- impossible opposite to
in- inaccurate opposite to
ir- irresponsible opposite to
non- non-violent `not'
un- unhappy opposite to
Put a cross if you can add the prefixes along the top to the words down the side.
il- im- in- ir- un- dis- non-
Ability
Appearance
Certain
Formal
Interested
Mature
Possible
Rational
Security
Smoking
Use some of these words with their negative prefixes to fill the sentences below.
(1) He has always had a ............................................. because he had polio as a child.

(2) He has recently given up cigarettes, so he wants to sit in a ..........................................
compartment on the train.
(3) It is ............................................. to think everybody is the same.
(4) Nobody knows where she is ever since they announced her ........................................ on
television.
(5) She wears ............................................. clothes.
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(6) He is rather infantile and incredibly ............................................. .

(7) ............................................. is normally associated with people who are very nervous.
(8) It is ............................................. whether he will be able to play this Saturday. He has got flu.
(9) It is ............................................. to tell a child not to cry.
(10) He is not going to make money out of the project. His participation is completely ...................... .
Complete the following sentences with one of the adjectives below.

decided, dependent, eatable, forgettable, legal, legible, literate, popular, readable, reasonable,
relevant, reversible
(1) The food was so bad it was _____________ .

(2) The book was so bad it was _____________ .
(3) Our visit to New York was an _____________ experience.
(4) Unfortunately his handwriting is completely _____________ .
(5) He stood there completely _____________ about what to do.
(6) He got angry and from then on he was totally _____________ .
(7) Most of the points he made in the discussion were completely _____________ .
(8) She is _____________ and cannot even spell her name.
(9) It is now _____________ to drive a car without wearing a seat-belt.
(10) The government made itself very _____________ by increasing taxes.
(11) I am sorry but I won't change my mind; my decision is _____________ .
(12) Most young people like to be _____________ .
Word Building (2): Compound Words

Compound words can be compound adjectives, compound nouns or compound verbs:
Compound Adjectives
These are the most common patterns for forming compound adjectives:
a) adjective or number plus noun plus `-ed': e.g. `grey-haired', òne-sided'
b) adjective or adverb plus past participle: e.g. `low-paid', `well-behaved'
c) adjective or noun plus present participle: e.g. `good-looking', `nice-looking', `labour-saving'
These are less common patterns:

d) noun plus past participle e.g. sun-tanned, sunburnt
e) noun plus adjective: e.g. `trouble-free', àccident-prone'
f) adjective plus noun: e.g. `second-class', `present-day'
productive forms: well-armed, well-balanced, well-behaved, well-built, well-cooked, well-designed,

well-dressed, well-educated, well-known, well-liked, well-informed, well-off, well-organized, well-
paid, well-qualified, well-respected, well-travelled
Make a compound adjective out of the underlined phrase, and write it with the word(s) in bold.
e.g.: "Her daughter‘s eyes are blue." >>> "blue-eyed daughter"
1 His wife looks good.

2 She pointed out to her husband that the job pays well.
3 Your son behaves well at school.
4 She suggested a plan to save money.
5 While, on holiday in Benidorm, I often see many English tourists that get burnt by the sun.
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6 They dug a huge hole six feet deep in the ground.

7 The students respect their teacher. The students have a __________________________.
8 His mother is always having accidents. He has an _______________________.
Compound Nouns
Here is a list of compound nouns. Complete the sentences below with the compound nouns in the
box:
air conditioning compact disc package holiday

bank account greenhouse effect police station
blood pressure hire purchase post office
burglar alarm inverted commas telephone number
car park letter-box value added tax
a) When you report what someone has said in a newspaper in direct speech, you have to
use ..................................
b) To open a ........................... please write your name, address and .............................. and answer
all the questions below. We will then send you a cheque book.
c) If someone breaks into the house, the ................................. will go off. We have got it connected
to the ..................................
d) Doctors often check people's ..................................
e) We're going to Spain - the travel agent's booked a .................................. We're staying in a hotel
where the rooms have ..................................
f) He asked his son to buy some stamps at the ................................. and then put the letter in
the ................................. outside.
g) Some scientists are worried about deforestation which might be contributing to
the ..................................
h) Let's leave the car in this ................................. and get your brother a ................................. for his
birthday.
i) He bought a new car on .................................. He has to make rather big monthly payments.
j) ................................. on motorways and aeroplane travel has been reduced, making it cheaper for
the customer.
1.5 Grammar
Word Search: Find 20 Reporting Verbs
S U G G E S T N I A D M I T T I Q D D
A S K X S Y H C O N F I R M E N U E Y
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Y D A N T N I N Q S N N Y I L F E M L
C E P N I B N S U W T U H E L O S A L
L R A T M M K E I E O I O I I R T N A
A D V I S E H N R R U I N N P M I D G
I T V E T I T R E P O R T I F Y O Y R
M A E A E A R G U E T K R A M E N Y E
O N I R E M A R K M R I F N O C G I E
P D S E M M O C E R Y L P E R W A R N
O R D E R M E N T I O N S S E R T S C
Look at the tables and examples below of the types of Report Structures:
Report Structures:
Reporting: Reported:
Reporting verbs `that'-clause
`wh'-clause
ìf/whether'-clause
Examples:
1. `that'-clause:
Some people might consider that they have to pay too high a price to buy a car.
BMW has announced that 90% of their cars are recyclable.
2. `wh'-clause:
They told me who had been invited to Monica's wedding.
Experts have debated about what is best for the environment.
3. ìf/whether'-clause:
I asked him if he would like another drink.
Reported speech - simple statements
Finish the sentences using Reported speech.

Example: Peter: "I will clean your shoes for you."
Peter told me that ____________________________
Answer: Peter told me that he would clean my shoes for me.
1) John: "Mandy is at home."

35
John said that ____________________________ .

2) Max: "Frank often reads a book."
Max told me that ____________________________.
3) Susan: "I'm watching TV."
Susan said to me that ____________________________.
4) Simon: "David was ill."
Simon said that ____________________________.
5) Peggy: "The girls helped in the house."
Peggy told me that ____________________________.
Reported questions

Example: Peter: "Did John clean his shoes?"
Peter asked me _________________________________
Answer: Peter asked me if John had cleaned his shoes.
1) Christopher: "Do you want to dance?"

Christopher asked me ____________________________.
2) Betty: "When did you come?"
Betty wanted to know ____________________________.
3) Mark: "Has John arrived?"
Mark asked me ____________________________.
4) Ronald: "Where does Maria park her car?"
Ronald asked me ____________________________.
5) Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me ____________________________.
Reported commands - affirmative sentences
Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes not
necessary.
Example: Peter: "Clean those shoes!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me to clean those shoes.
1) Andrew: "Clean your bike!"

Andrew told me ____________________________.
2) Jessica: "Open the window now!"
Jessica told me ____________________________.
3) Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"
Nelly told me ____________________________.
Reported commands - negations

Example: Peter: "Don't eat so fast!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me not to eat so fast.
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1) Karen: "Don't ride your motorbike across the lawn!"

Karen told me ____________________________.
2) Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"
The teacher reminded me ____________________________.
3) Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"
Mike told me____________________________.
Practice
Use an appropriate indirect report structure to transform these sentences. The first one has been
done for you as an example.
1. Ì've bought a new car.' (He confirmed)
He confirmed that he had bought a new car.
2. Ì'll kill you if you touch my dog'. (He threatened)

..........................................................................................................................................
3. `Have they finished the project?' (She asked her boyfriend)
..........................................................................................................................................
4. `Do you think I should sell my car?' (I asked him)
..........................................................................................................................................
5. Ìt was really hot in the cinema.' (She complained)
..........................................................................................................................................
6. `Make sure these letters are sent off immediately.' (She told him)
..........................................................................................................................................
7. Ì'll never drink and drive.' (He swore)
..........................................................................................................................................
8. `We found the stolen car in the river.' (The police reported)
..........................................................................................................................................
9. Ì'll pay the bill.' (He insisted on)
..........................................................................................................................................
10. Ì was born in Valencia.' (He told the class)
...........................................................................................................................................
1.6 Listening: Questionnaires

A. Listen to a lecturer giving a presentation about questionnaires. Answer the questions.
1. What two key points does she mention about designing questionnaires?
2. What two types of questions are mentioned?

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3. Which type of question will provide more information?
B. Listen again and complete the sentences. Use a maximum of three words for each sentence.
1. Short questions are better because if you ask long ones, people won’t bother ___________ .
2. Open questions allow people to answer ____________________________.
3. With closed questions, the person answering has _________________________________ .
4. It takes a lot longer to analyse the answers to _____________________________________ .
5. When using open questions, it is important to ask for only one _______________________ .
6. Questions should be clear and well structured so that people can see the point __________ .
7. At the start of a questionnaire, you should ask _________________________________ .
8. When designing a questionnaire, you need to look ahead and consider how you’re going to
________________________________ .
C. Look at the questions from a questionnaire below. Match them with descriptions 1-7.
1. Closed questions requiring the answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
2. Questions which require a respondent to indicate how frequently they do something.
3. Questions requiring respondents to tick items in lists or boxes.
4. Questions requiring a choice between alternatives.
5. Questions which require a number (1,2,3 etc.) or limited number of words.
6. Open questions beginning with Who, What, Why, How etc.
7. Questions which require the respondent to choose a number on a scale.
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Module 2: Internet 2022-2023

Unit 1: Internet of Things

In pairs, think about all the possible smart devices in a house:

Fill in the spaces with the following words:

Listening Comprehension Questions:

1. How is the Internet of things changing our world?

a) It tells us how to park.

2. What do sensors and chips do (according to the text)?

a) They are embedded in physical things.

3. What does an Internet of Things platform do?

4. What is the problem with Rebecca's car?

5. "Gathers data" means

6. What does the asset management system do?

a) It keeps dangerous cars off the roads.

7. A continuous engineering application tracks

8. Manufacturers can see

a) if all the cars were made at the same time.

9. At the end of the text, it says

a) Rebecca feels safer and drives faster.

10. Which of these is not a smart device?

a) Micro-controller for an irrigation system

In pairs, look at the figure below and discuss what it shows.

The most commonly used passive tenses are the following:

Tense Subject Verb Object

Passive The dog Is loved by all the family

Passive The lunch was prepared by Ana

Passive The lunch has been by Ana

Passive The car will be made In Spain.

Present Continuous Active: Rita is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.

Active: Rita was writing a letter.

Active: Rita had written a letter.

Present Continuous: The invoices are being prepared.

Simple Past: The invoices were prepared.

Past Continuous: The invoices were being prepared.

Present Perfect: The invoices have been prepared.

Past Perfect: The invoices had been prepared.

Future Simple: The invoices will be prepared.

2. Did we send that letter to Mr Thomas?

3. We haven't arranged a date for the wedding yet.

4. They will have given him the news by now.

6. The garage on the corner usually repairs my car.

7. Steve definitely didn't write that essay.

8. The police have cancelled the demonstration.

9. Peter designs and builds customized computers.

10. They are restoring the bridge.

Prefix Example Meaning

(1) He has always had a ............................................. because he had polio as a child.

(6) He is rather infantile and incredibly ............................................. .

Complete the following sentences with one of the adjectives below.

(1) The food was so bad it was _____________ .

Word Building (2): Compound Words

These are less common patterns:

productive forms: well-armed, well-balanced, well-behaved, well-built, well-cooked, well-designed,

1 His wife looks good.

6 They dug a huge hole six feet deep in the ground.

air conditioning compact disc package holiday

Reporting verbs `that'-clause

Reported speech - simple statements

Finish the sentences using Reported speech.

1) John: "Mandy is at home."

John said that ____________________________ .