Ae Atomic Moduli- () Dalton's atomic model : (i) Every element is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. i) Atoms of same element are identical both in physical & chemical properties while atoms of different elements are different in their properties. (ii) All elements are made up of hydrogen atom. The mass of heaviest atom is about 250 times the mass of hydrogen atom while radius of heaviest atom is about 10 times the radius of hydrogen atom. (iv) Atom is stable & electrically neutral. Reason of Failure of model : After the discovery of electron by U. Thomson (1897), it was established that atom can also be divide. Hence the model was not accepted, (4) Thomson's atomic model (or Plum-pudding model) (i) Atom is a positively charged solid sphere of radius of the order of 10-%° m in which electrons are embedded as seeds in a watermelon (i) Total charge in a atom is zero & so, atom is electrically neutral. electron eS es Uniformly distributed positively eS charged matter Achievements of model : Explained successfully the phenomenon of thermionic emission, photoelectric emission & ionization Failure of the model : (i) It could not explain the line spectrum of H-atom (ii) It could not explain the Rutherford's « - particle scattering experiment (€) Rutherford’a Atomic. Hoch In this new atomic model it was assumed that the positive charge in the atom was concentrated in a region that was small relative to the size of atom. He called this concentration of positive charge, the nucleus of the atom. Electrons belonging to the atom were assumed to be moving in the large volume of atom outside the nucleus. To explain why these electrons were not pulled into the nucleus, Ruthorford said that electrons revolve around the "nucleus in orbits around the positively charged nucleus in the same manner as the planets orbit the sun. Bohr Modi The Bohr model is appropriate for one electron systems like H, Het, Li*? etc. and it was successful upto some extent in explaining the features of the spectrum emitted by such hydrogenic atoms. However this model is not giving a true picture of even these simple atoms. The true picture is fully a quantum mechanical affair which is different from Bohr model in several fundamental ways. Since Bohr model incorporates aspects of some classical and some modern physics, it is now called semiclassical model Bohr has explained his atomic model in three steps called postulates of Bohr's atomic model. Lets discuss one by one.Bohr Model TS ydrwoen Like tems fe= Kal _ te@eye_ uzer © Elec move tn % stable orbitx , oc” m= ee ; be uguler woruntue Should be ma a 6 ; ee! 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