Pulmonary System Worksheet - Part 1

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Reference: Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2019.
Updated - August 27, 2020

Pulmonary System: Overview

Using the key:

A. External respiration
B. Internal respiration
C. Pulmonary ventilation
D. Transportation of respiratory gases
Match the descriptions below with their correct processes from the key above. [819]
1. A B C D Air moves into and out of lungs
2. A B C D Breathing
3. A B C D Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood in pulmonary capillaries to alveoli of the lungs
4. A B C D Carbon dioxide diffuses from tissue cells to blood of systemic capillaries
5. A B C D Carbon dioxide is transported by blood from cells of body tissues to lungs
6. A B C D Includes expiration
7. A B C D Includes inspiration
8. A B C D Oxygen diffuses from blood in systemic capillaries to tissues cells
9. A B C D Oxygen diffuses from alveoli of lungs to blood in pulmonary capillaries
10. A B C D Oxygen is transported by blood from lungs to body tissues

The pulmonary system (the part of the “respiratory” system that involves the lungs) is responsible for - [819]
11. T F External respiration
12. T F Internal respiration
13. T F Pulmonary ventilation
14. T F Transportation of respiratory gases

15. Cellular respiration includes: [819, 934]

A. Production of CO2 by tissues cells
B. The actual use of oxygen in the cells
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A nor B

Anatomy Review: Pulmonary Structures

Using the key:

A. External nose
B. Nasal Conchae
C. Paranasal sinuses
D. Pharynx
E. Roof of nasal cavity
Match the descriptions or functions below with the correct structures in the key above. [821-824]
16. A B C D E Contains the nares or nostrils
17. A B C D E Enhance air turbulence
18. A B C D E Houses tonsils
19. A B C D E Lightens skull
20. A B C D E Passageway for air and food
21. A B C D E Receptors for sense of smell
Using the key:
A. Alveoli
B. Bronchial tree
C. Larynx
D. Lungs
E. Trachea
Match the descriptions or functions below with the correct structures in the key above. [824-831]
22. A B C D E Acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels
23. A B C D E Connects pharynx to trachea
24. A B C D E Connects trachea to alveoli
25. A B C D E Contains C-shaped cartilages
26. A B C D E Houses vocal cords
27. A B C D E Main sites of gas exchage
28. A B C D E Paired organs that house respiratory passages smaller than main branch
29. A B C D E Prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract

Using the key:

A. Conducting Zone
B. Respiratory Zone
Match the structures below with their correct location from the key above. [824-831]
30. A B C D Actual site of gas exchange
31. A B C D Alveolar ducts
32. A B C D Alveolar sacs
33. A B C D Alveoli
34. A B C D Bronchi
35. A B C D Bronchioles
36. A B C D Cleanse, humidify, and warm incoming air
37. A B C D Larynx
38. A B C D Nasal Cavity
39. A B C D Pharynx
40. A B C D Primary bronchi
41. A B C D Respiratory bronchioles
42. A B C D Secondary bronchi
43. A B C D Terminal bronchioles
44. A B C D Tertiary bronchi
45. A B C D Trachea

Using the key:

A. Arytenoid cartilage
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Epiglottis
D. Thyroid cartilage
E. Trachea
Match the descriptions below with the correct structure in the key above. [824-827]
46. A B C D E Carina
47. A B C D E “Guardian of the airways”
48. A B C D E Ring-shaped
49. A B C D E Vocal cords are attached

50. The Adam’s apple is a manifestation of what part of the throat? [824-825]
A. Arytenoid cartilage
B. Epiglottis
C. Thyroid cartilage
D. Corniculate cartilage
E. Cricoid cartilage
Using the key:
A. Alveolar macrophages
B. Capillary walls
C. Type I alveolar cells
D. Type II alveolar cells
E. Both B and C
Match the descriptions below with the correct structure in the key above. [829-831]
51. A B C D E Involved in gas exchange
52. A B C D E Phagocytes.
53. A B C D E Simple squamous epithelium
54. A B C D E Squamous epithelial cells of alveoli
55. A B C D E Surfactant-secreting cell

Using the key:

A. Surface tension
B. Surfactant
Match the descriptions below with the correct response in the key above. [831,839]
56. A B Due to the strong attraction between water molecules
57. A B Lowers surface tension

Using the key:

A. Bronchial tree
B. Parietal pleura
C. Pleural cavity
D. Pleural fluid
E. Visceral pleura
Match the descriptions below with the correct response in the key above. [828, 834]
58. A B C D E Acts as a lubricant
59. A B C D E An extremely thin, slit-like space surrounding the lungs
60. A B C D E Branching airways
61. A B C D E Covers the surface of the lungs
62. A B C D E Lines the inner thoracic wall
63. A B C D E Lines the mediastinum
64. A B C D E Lines the superior surface of the diaphragm

Using the key:

A. Alveoli
B. Pulmonary arteries
C. Pulmonary capillaries
D. Pulmonary veins
E. Both A and C
Match the descriptons below with their correct structures from the key above. [830, 834]
65. A B C D E Blood leaves the capillaries via this structure
66. A B C D E Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged to or from this structure
67. A B C D E Carry blood which is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs
68. A B C D E Vessels that completely surround each alveolus

The respiratory membrane contains the following components: [p.830-831]

69. T F Alveolar basement membrane
70. T F Capillary basement membrane
71. T F Simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus
72. T F Simple squamous epithelium of the capillary
73. T F Type I cells = Type I alveolar cells
74. T F Type II cells = Type II alveolar cells
Pulmonary Ventilation

75. Pulmonary ventilation [835-836]

A. is the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs.
B. is also know as breathing
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B
76. As air moves into and out of the lungs, it travels from regions of ________ air pressure to regions of _______ air pressure. [836]
A. High; low
B. Low; high
77. According to Boyle’s Law, as the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas [836]
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Stays the same

Using the key:

A. Deep inspiration = Forced inspiration
B. Forced expiration
C. Quiet expiration
D. Quiet inspiration
E. None of the above
Indicate which process involves the contraction of each of the following muscles. [836-838]
[Note that more than one answer may apply in some cases.]
78. A B C D E Diaphragm
79. A B C D E External intercostal muscles
80. A B C D E Internal intercostal muscles
81. A B C D E Pectoralis minor
82. A B C D E Scalenes
83. A B C D E Sternocleidomastoid
84. A B C D E The abdominal obliques
85. A B C D E Transversus abdominis

86. Intrapleural pressure is [more than one answer may be correct] [835-838]
A. Always negative
B. Always positive
C. Equal to atmospheric pressure
D. Greater than atmospheric pressure
E. Less than atmospheric pressure
87. Intrapulmonary (intra-alveolar) pressure between breaths is typically [835]
A. Equal to atmospheric pressure
B. Greater than atmospheric pressure
C. Less than atmospheric pressure
88. The variation in intrapulmonary (intra-alveolar) pressure during the ventilatory cycle is [838]
A. ± 1 mmHg
B. ± 2 mmHg
C. ± 5 mmHg
D. ± 10 mmHg
E. None of the above
89. Surfactant [831,839]
A. Decreases surface tension
B. Has no effect on surface tension
C. Increases surface tension
90. Elastic tissue in the lungs tends to [835,838]
A. Have no effect on lung movement
B. Pull the lungs inward
C. Push the lungs outward
91. The elastic thoracic wall tends to [835]
A. Not affect wall movement
B. Pull away from the lungs
C. Push into the lungs
92. If the chest wall is cut through with a knife, [835-836]
A. Nothing will happen to the lung.
B. The lung will collapse
C. The lung will expand
93. A pneumothorax in the left lung will [836]
A. Cause the right lung to collapse
B. Cause the right lung to expand
C. Not affect the right lung