PROJECT REPORT

ON

THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN

FUELING REBELLION AMONG MODERN
TEENAGERS

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award

of the degree of

DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (HONOURS) 2019-

2022

SUBMITTED BY: ARUSHI SIKKA

ROLL NO: 05817788819

SEMESTER: 6THB

Vivekananda School of Business

Studies Vivekananda Institute of
Professional Studies AU Block (Outer
Ring Road) Pitampura Delhi – 110034

1
 STUDENT DECLARATION

I, ARUSHI SIKKA Enrollment no. 05817788819 from B.Com-VI of the Vivekananda

Institute of Professional Studies, Delhi hereby declare Project titled THE
CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN FUELING THE REBELLION AMONG
MODERN TEENAGERS is an original work and the same has not been submitted
to any other Institute for the award of any other degree. A presentation of the
Research Project Report was made on and the suggestions as approved by the
faculty were duly incorporated.

ARUSHI SIKKA
Enrollment No.05817788819

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 CERTIFICATE OF GUIDE

ARUSHI SIKKA, with enrollment no.05817788819 has submitted a

Project Report titled for STUDY ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF
SOCIAL MEDIA IN FUELING THE REBELLION AMONG
MODERN TEENAGERS partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Commerce
(BCOM) to be awarded by G.G.S.I.P. University, Delhi. I certify that
this report has been completed under my guidance and is
satisfactory.

Name of the Guide: Ms. VRINDA RAWAL

Designation: Assistant Professor, VIPS

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude and thanks for giving me an opportunity to
enhance my skill in my project. I am thankful for her guidance,
patience and consummate support. I extend my heartiest thanks to her
for enlightening my path. Without her sincere advice, this project has
been impossible.

Moreover, I would also like to thank the various people who were
involved with this project and gave me invaluable guidance in this
regard..Without their help, this project would not have been as
comprehensive and detailed as it is.

I also feel grateful and elated in expressing my indebtedness to all

those who have directly or indirectly helped me in accomplishing this
research.

ARUSHI SIKKA

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2
 S. No. Particulars Pg. No.

1 Chapter: 1 6 - 11
Introduction

2. Chapter: 2 12-14
Review of Literature

3. Chapter: 3 15-22
Research Objectives
and Methodology

4. Chapter: 4 23-37
Data Tabulation &
Analysis

5. Chapter: 5
Findings, Conclusion, 38-42
Suggestions and
Limitations

6. Chapter: 6 43-50
Annexure and
References

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 CHAPTER: 01
INTRODUCTION

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 PROPOSAL

Topic – The contribution of social media in fueling rebellion among

modern teenagers

Objective - To study the influence of social media on the people

Background - Like most things, using social media has its positives (the
good), its cautionary tales (the bad), and dangers (the ugly) that lurk and
impact the lives of many, but especially teens.Along with the good comes the
bad. With all of its benefits, the nature of social media presents a range of
potential issues. Sadly, there is an ugly side to all that technology offers.
Spending too long on social networking sites could be adversely affecting
your mood. In fact, chronic users are more likely to report poor mental
health, including symptoms of anxiety and depression.It doesn't take much
thinking to figure out why. Social media lets you see the carefully selected
best parts of everyone else's lives, which you compare to the negatives in
your own life. Comparing yourself to other people is a sure path to anxiety,
and social media has only made this easier to do.
Social media can be more addictive than cigarettes and alcohol. It has a
powerful draw for many people that leads to them checking it all the time
without even thinking about it.Just because you've been going overboard on
social media use doesn't mean you necessarily need to wipe out all social
networking platforms. However, if you think quitting is the best solution for
you, it isn't a bad idea. In fact, you can find out what it's like to quit social
media through a firsthand story.
There are many risks involved with social media and the internet. The fact
about young individuals is that they are too open about their personal lives,
especially in public. People post anything of their choice without any
restriction. Risks are involved in this sort of public sharing and display.
Since these posts are uncontrolled and unmonitored, they tend to mislead our
youth. Thus, it is imperative to study the influence of social media on the
people.

5
 INTRODUCTION
Multitasking has become a common theme in our lives. It’s a wonder how we
manage it all. We depend on our smartphones for work, school, our personal and
social lives. When was the last time you left home without your phone and kept on
going? The internet has become a significant part of our daily lives. So too has
social media. And it is having an impact on today’s population

'Social Media is such a negative place ' We've all heard this, and most of us
probably think It's true - at least to some degree. But do most people share happy
thoughts online, or is social media and the wob just a big pit of despair

'The mora we use social media. the less happy we seem to be '

- Forbes

'The reality of social media today is that.. you can't avoid negative reviews and
comments.'

- Inc

'Social media has also brought about a negative impact on the way people
communicate as well as their communication skills.'

- Harvard Big Blog

'Our feeds often resemble an endless stream of stress:'

- BBC

Three billion people, around 40% of the world’s population, use online social
media – and we’re spending an average of two hours every day sharing, liking,
tweeting and updating on these platforms, according to some reports. That breaks
down to around half a million tweets and Snapchat photos shared every
minute. With social media playing such a big part in our lives, could we be
sacrificing our mental health and well-being as well as our time.

Back in 2005, when social media was still in its infancy, only about 5 percent of
users in the United States were involved in social media. In 2019, that number
grew to about 70 percent.

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Like most things, using social media has its positives (the good), its cautionary
tales (the bad), and dangers (the ugly) that lurk and impact the lives of many, but
especially teens.

Along with the good comes the bad. With all of its benefits, the nature of social
media presents a range of potential issues.

Sadly, there is an ugly side to all that technology offers. While bullying is not a
new concept, social media and technology have brought bullying to a new level. It
becomes a more constant, ever-present threat -- cyberbullying.

The cons of social media can take a toll on young minds. Suicide remains among
the leading causes of death of children under age 14. In most cases, young people
die from hanging.

If you can't imagine your life without social media, you've probably fallen victim
to the power that social networking sites have on people. The chances are that
you've also experienced some of the negative effects of social media on people
who use them. Unfortunately, the bad effects of social media are all too real for a
lot of us. Let's look at the negative impact of social media on real people that
happens every day.

You might be surprised to learn that the negative effects of social media are both
physical and mental. They can change your perception of the world and yourself.
While social media does have some positive effects, and there are positive social
media stories out there, it also has a lot in the drawback column.

Spending too long on social networking sites could be adversely affecting your
mood. In fact, chronic users are more likely to report poor mental health, including
symptoms of anxiety and depression.It doesn't take much thinking to figure out
why. Social media lets you see the carefully selected best parts of everyone else's
lives, which you compare to the negatives in your own life. Comparing yourself to
other people is a sure path to anxiety, and social media has only made this easier to
do.

FOMO is just what it sounds like: a form of anxiety that you get when you're
scared of missing out on a positive experience that someone else is having. For
example, you might constantly check your messages to see if anyone has invited
you out, or focus on your Instagram feed all day to make sure that nobody is doing
something cool without you.This fear receives constant fuel from what you see on
social media. With increased social network use, there's a better chance for you to

7
see that someone is having more fun than you are right now. And that's exactly
what causes FOMO.

Most social media sites have a severe lack of online authenticity. People use
Snapchat to share their exciting adventures, post about how much they love their
significant other on Facebook, and load up their Instagram page with heavily
staged photos. But in reality, you have no way of knowing whether this is all a
farce. While it looks great on the surface, that person could be in massive debt, on
bad terms with their significant other, and just desperate for Instagram likes as a
form of validation. One simple way out of this mess is for everyone to quit lying
on social media. But in the era of Instagram influencers and YouTubers who earn
millions from being inauthentic, that isn't going to happen anytime soon.

Speaking of Instagram celebrities, if you look at popular Instagram accounts, you'll

find unbelievably beautiful people wearing expensive clothes on their perfectly
shaped bodies. Today, body image is an issue for everyone. Of course, seeing so
many people who are supposedly perfect (according to society's standards) on a
daily basis makes you conscious about how different you look from those pictures.
And not everyone comes to healthy conclusions in this situation.It's really
important to remember that everybody is human. No one wakes up every day
looking like a supermodel, and while many people have gone to great lengths to
train their bodies, that's not the case for everyone who looks fit. Many people, in
search of social media fame, have definitely taken unhealthy routes to appear more
attractive.

On top of increasing the incidents of anxiety and depression, spending too much
time on social media can lead to poor sleep. Numerous studies have shown that
increased use of social media has a negative effect on your sleep quality.If you feel
like your sleep patterns have become irregular and have led to a drop in
productivity, try to cut down on the amount of time you browse social media. This
is especially the case when using your phone in bed at night. It's all too easy to tell
yourself that you'll spend five minutes checking your Facebook notifications, only
to realize an hour later that you've been mindlessly scrolling through Twitter
content you don't even care about. Don't let social media algorithms steal your
valuable sleep.

If you're not sure whether you're addicted to social networks, try to remember the
last time you went a full day without checking any social media accounts. Do you
feel rejected if someone unfollows you? And if your favorite social networks
completely disappeared tomorrow, would it make you feel empty and depressed?
At the end of the day, social media sites want to keep you scrolling for as long as

8
possible so they can show you lots of ads and make more money. Because of the
attention economy, these sites need your eyes on them for as long as possible.

Social media can be more addictive than cigarettes and alcohol. It has a powerful
draw for many people that leads to them checking it all the time without even
thinking about it.Just because you've been going overboard on social media use
doesn't mean you necessarily need to wipe out all social networking platforms.
However, if you think quitting is the best solution for you, it isn't a bad idea. In
fact, you can find out what it's like to quit social media through a firsthand story.

The risks of social media and the unrealistic views matter because it is affecting
most of society today. Some fail to acknowledge that it is only an illusion. Social
media can only go so far but it will never be real. It is a surreal reality that man has
created for entertainment. Social media has a very strong potential although you
should be aware of the serious flaws it has. Social platforms are made to be
addicting and cause a dilemma between its users. Many of its users are not aware
that the use of social media drane their energy and sends off negativity with the
horrible comments and the comparisons between celebrities; however, they do not
take action to stop the negativity because they do not realize what is making them
insecure and sad. People must live life without worrying about how they look and
should embrace more with what they have and who they are. Social media was
once a goal to be reached and a beautiful resource, now it is a daunting reality.

Social media, nonetheless, can create unrealistic expectations and disturb the peace
of its users. Social media creates an illusion of what a person is and how they live.
Many women want to look like Gigi Hadid and live a luxurious life like Kim
Kardashian. They compare themselves to these celebrities who portray perfection
and success in social media with their luxurious vacations and their expensive cars,
but can lead to negative thoughts and negative self-talk as well; it becomes a sign
of intimidation to users who do not look similar to a model or have not reached the
financial success someone online had at a very young age. This phenomenon can
also create insecurities within the person and low-self esteem. Different social
platforms can then take advantage of your vulnerability and try to convince you to
buy fitness programs that are unrealistic. They guarantee you that in 7 days you
will look like Gigi Hadid if only you purchase their fitness programs for $14.99 a
month. Many people fall for these false fitness programs because they are
desperate, but when they buy it, many feel disappointed with their results. On the
other hand, some social media users tend to express their negative thoughts of
others, creating an unsafe place for a person to share what they desire. Young
women today have to be very careful with what they post and with what
information they share because they can be subject to body shaming and

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cyberbullying. Not everyone using social media has good intentions towards
anyone which is very dangerous to society and most importantly, your safety. In
many cases people who are determined to harm you will look everywhere to find
your flaws or your weaknesses and most of the time social media shows more than
you know about yourself. The media is its separate world with its many dangers. In
addition, Society is also very addicted to their phones and does not realize that
when time passes by, it is gone forever. That time you had dinner with your
grandparents, but instead you decided to pay more attention to the comment
section than your grandparents' love story. These small moments should matter
more than a post on Instagram or a comment section.You will regret not listening
to them when you had a chance. The unrealistic views and expectations that social
media provides, release the negative energy that makes people feel miserable.

Cybercrime also includes committing identity theft. Identity theft is when people
steal personal information of others and misuse it by making fake accounts. These
fake accounts are used to defame and slander the character and reputation of the
individual and his or her friends and family. At times your computer may be
affected by a virus that transfers your personal information to others without your
knowledge.

Another major issue on social media sites is the usage and sharing of inappropriate
content. The rate at which inappropriate content is shared over social media is
escalating day by day. People, especially adults, spend most of their time on social
media sites viewing improper content including videos and pictures. Viewing
inappropriate content very frequently can change an individual’s thought process,
and on a wider scale can lead to the destruction of social values and norms.Social
media has also had a bad influence on children. Children tend to spend most of
their time on these social sites instead of focusing on their academics. Children of
this era are more mentally mature for their age and often know more than their
parents, which is not necessarily a good thing.

Nowadays, social media allows the spread of falsified or incorrect information that
may conflict with actual and true facts. People often tend to believe everything
they read or see on social media without questioning its authenticity. Not only does
this lead to miscommunication, but also creates confusion amongst individuals.
The habit of reading newspapers and books has witnessed a decline as the use of
social media has increased. People use shortcuts for gathering information without
any authentic reasoning and evidence

There are many risks involved with social media and the internet. The fact about
young individuals is that they are too open about their personal lives, especially in

10
public. People post anything of their choice without any restriction. Risks are
involved in this sort of public sharing and display. Since these posts are
uncontrolled and unmonitored, they tend to mislead our youth.

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 CHAPTER: 02
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

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 REVIEW I
Topic - A study on the negative effects of social networking sites such as
facebook

Year - 2014

Link -
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272490714_A_Study_on_the_Negati
ve_Effects_of_Social_Networking_Sites_Such_as_Facebook_among_Asia_Pac
ific_University_Scholars_in_Malaysia

Objective - The purpose of this study was to identify the negative effects of social
network sites such as Facebook among Asia Pacific University scholars.

The researcher distributed 152 surveys to students of the chosen university to

examine and study the negative effects. Electronic communication is emotionally
gratifying but how do such technological distractions impact on academic
performance? Because of the social media platform’s widespread adoption by
university students, there is an interest in how Facebook is related to academic
performance.

This paper measures frequency of use, participation in activities and time spent
preparing for class, in order to know if Facebook affects the performance of
students. Moreover, the impact of social network sites on academic performance
also raised another major concern which is health. Today social network sites are
running the future and career of students. Social network sites were only an
electronic connection between users, but unfortunately it has become an addiction
for students. This paper examines the relationship between social network sites and
health threats.

Lastly, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the law and privacy of
Facebook. It shows how Facebook users socialize on the site, while they are not
aware or misunderstand the risk involved and how their privacy suffers as a result.

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 REVIEW II
Topic - A study on positive and negative effects of social media on society

Year - 2017

Link -
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323903323_A_Study_on_Positive_a
nd_Negative_Effects_of_Social_Media_on_Society

Objective - To understand whether social media is negatively or positively

impacting the society.

Being social media a widely used platform has its own positive and negative
impacts. On one hand it helps the businesses to reach a wider segment of audience,
medical facilities to reach various parts of the world, doctors being able to guide
their patients without face to face interactions and all information being available
to students at one place. But on the other hand it has various negative traits that
cannot be ignored it may help the help the people but it also makes them face
various problems such as bullying, a simple and honest mistake in a business
promotion can lead to number of depreciating comments and can put the image of
business in danger, it also has made students get exposed to a number of topics and
information that they shouldn’t be knowing in the age they are. They unknowingly
surf to many things that are not meant for them and they also interact with people
who either are not known to them or are not good for their mental health. Also
social media that is new to the people of the 90s era gets them more criticism either
because of the fact that they are not going with trends or are posting stuff that feels
pleasing to them but not to the existing users or teens. Social media has different
merits yet it likewise has a few faults which influence individuals contrarily.
False data can lead the training framework to disappointment, in organizations
wrong promotion will influence the productivity, online networking can
manhandle the general public by attacking on individuals' security.

14
CHAPTER: 03
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
AND METHODOLOGY

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 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The main highlighting point of the study would be to analyze how much does
people gets affected by social media -

● Other sub objectives would be to observe.

● People and their usage of social media
● How keen are people to share their personal information
● What are the views of majority on social media being a boon or bane
● To find out people's opinion whether social media is really a negative
influence or not

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Type of research: Descriptive Research because descriptive research includes

surveys and fact finding, enquiries of different kinds. It is used to answer questions
of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a particular research question
or problem. Descriptive studies are often described as studies that are concerned
with finding out “what is”. It attempts to gather quantifiable information that can
be used to statistically analyze a target audience or a particular subject. The main
purpose of such studies is to describe what is prevalent with respect to the
issue/problem under study.
Quantitative Research Studies emphasize objective measurements and the
statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls,
questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical
data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular
phenomenon.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Goal in conducting
quantitative research study is to determine the relationship between one thing [an
independent variable] and another [a dependent or outcome variable] within a

16
population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive 19 [subjects usually
measured once] or experimental [subjects measured before and after a treatment].
A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables; an
experimental study establishes causality. Quantitative research deals in numbers,
logic, and an objective stance. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and
unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent
reasoning [i.e., the generation of a variety of ideas about a research problem in a
spontaneous, free-flowing manner].
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
• The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
• The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the
population.
• The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high
reliability.
• Researchers have a clearly defined research question to which objective answers
are sought.
• All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected. • Data are
in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or
other non-textual forms.
• Projects can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or
investigate causal relationships.
• Researchers use tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect
numerical data. The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify
features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what
is observed.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study will also utilize a questionnaire survey to inquire about the view of the
people about the hatred on the internet. The channel used will be Google Forms, by
sharing the link of the form. The method of collecting data by questionnaires is
most extensively employed in various surveys. The merits claimed on behalf of
this method are as follows:

17
 1. There is low cost even when the universe is large and is widely spread
geographically.
2. It is free from the bias of the interviewer; answers are in respondents’ own
words.
3. Respondents have adequate time to give well thought out answers.
4. Respondents, who are not easily approachable, can also be reached
conveniently.
5. Large samples can be made use of and thus the results can be made more
dependable and reliable.

SAMPLING
In research terms a sample is a group of people, objects, or items that are taken
from a larger population for measurement. The sample should be representative of
the population to ensure that we can generalize the findings from the research
sample to the population as a whole. The purpose of sampling is to draw
conclusions about populations from samples, we must use inferential statistics, to
enable us to determine a population’s characteristics by directly observing only a
portion (or sample) of the population. We obtain a sample of the population for
many reasons as it is usually not practical and almost never economical. There
would also be difficulties measuring whole populations because: -
• The large size of many populations 21
• Inaccessibility of some of the population - Some populations are so difficult to
get access to that only a sample can be used. E.g. prisoners, people with severe
mental illness, disaster survivors.
• The inaccessibility may be associated with cost or time or just access.
• Destructiveness of the observation- Sometimes the very act of observing the
desired characteristic of the product destroys it for the intended use. Good
examples of this occur in quality control. E.g. to determine the quality of a fuse
and whether it is defective, it must be destroyed. Therefore, if you tested all the
fuses, all would be destroyed.

18
 • Accuracy and sampling - A sample may be more accurate than the total study
population. A badly identified population can provide less reliable information
than a carefully obtained sample.

TYPES OF SAMPLING USED

Convenient Sampling Convenience sampling is a specific type of non-probability
sampling method that relies on data collection from population members who are
conveniently available to participate in study. Convenience sampling is a type of
sampling where the first available primary data source will be used for the research
without additional requirements. In other words, this sampling method involves
getting participants wherever you can find them and typically wherever is
convenient. In convenience sampling no inclusion criteria identified prior to the
selection of subjects. All subjects are invited to participate. Universe: People in
Delhi Sample: No Age constraint Size of Sampling: The sample size for this
research study has been limited to 50. All the 50 respondents will be the people
living in Delhi with no age constraint.

TYPE OF SAMPLES
➢ Probability (Random) Samples
1. Simple random sample
2. Systematic random sample
3. Stratified random sample
4. Multistage sample
5. Multiphase sample
6. Cluster sample
➢ Non-Probability Samples
1. Convenience sample
2. Purposive sample
3. Quota

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PROBABILITY SAMPLING
A probability sampling scheme is one in which every unit in the population has a
chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can
be accurately determined. When every element in the population does have the
same probability of selection, this is known as an 'equal probability of selection'
(EPS) design. Such designs are also referred to as 'self-weighting' because all
sampled units are given the same weight.

NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Any sampling method where some elements of the population have no chance of
selection (these are sometimes referred to as 'out of coverage'/'under covered'), or
where the probability of selection can't be accurately determined. It involves the
selection of elements based on assumptions regarding the population of interest,
which forms the criteria for selection. Hence, because the selection of elements is
nonrandom, nonprobability sampling does not allow the estimation of sampling
errors. Example: We visit every household in a given street, and interview the first
person to answer the door. In any household with more than one occupant, this is a
nonprobability sample, because some people are more likely to answer the door
(e.g. an unemployed person who spends most of their time at home is more likely
to answer than an employed housemate who might be at work when the
interviewer calls) and it's not practical to calculate these probabilities.

STEPS IN SAMPLE DESIGN

While developing a sampling design, the researcher must pay attention to the
following points:
1. Type of universe: The first step in developing any sample design is to clearly
define the set of objects, technically called the Universe, to be studied. The
universe can be finite or infinite. In a finite universe the number of items is certain,
but in the case of an infinite universe the number of items is infinite, i.e., we
cannot have any idea about the total number of items. The population of a city, the
number of workers in a factory and the like are examples of finite universes,

20
whereas the number of stars in the sky, listeners of a specific radio programmed,
throwing of a dice etc. are examples of infinite universes.
2. Sampling unit: A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before
selecting a sample. Sampling unit may be a geographical one such as state, district,
village, etc., or a construction unit such as house, flat, etc., or it may be a social
unit such as family, club, school, etc., or it may be an individual. The researcher
will have to decide one or more of such units that he has to select for his study. 3.
Source list: It is also known as ‘sampling frame’ from which sample is to be
drawn. It contains the names of all items of a universe (in case of a finite universe
only). If the source list is 24 not available, the researcher has to prepare it. Such a
list should be comprehensive, correct, reliable and appropriate. It is extremely
important for the source list to be as representative of the population as possible. 4.
Size of sample: This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe
to constitute a sample. This is a major problem for a researcher. The size of the
sample should neither be excessively large, nor too small. It should be optimum.
An optimum sample is one which fulfills the requirements of efficiency,
representativeness, reliability and flexibility. While deciding the size of the sample,
researchers must determine the desired precision as also an acceptable confidence
level for the estimate. The size of population variance needs to be considered as in
case of larger variance usually a bigger sample is needed. The size of the
population must be kept in view for this also limits the sample size. The parameters
of interest in a research study must be kept in view, while deciding the size of the
sample. Costs too dictate the size of the sample that we can draw. As such,
budgetary constraints must invariably be taken into consideration when we decide
the sample size.
5. Parameters of interest: In determining the sample design, one must consider
the question of the specific population parameters which are of interest. For
instance, we may be interested in estimating the proportion of persons with some
characteristic in the population, or we may be interested in knowing some average
or the other measure concerning the population. There may also be important sub-
groups in the population about whom we would like to make estimates. All this has
a strong impact upon the sample design we would accept.
6. Budgetary constraint: Cost considerations, from a practical point of view,
have a major impact upon decisions relating to not only the size of the sample but
also to the type of sample. This fact can even lead to the use of a non-probability
sample.

21
7. Sampling procedure: Finally, the researcher must decide the type of sample he
will use i.e., he must decide about the technique to be used in selecting the items
for the sample. In fact, this technique or procedure stands for the sample design
itself. There are several sample designs (explained in the pages that follow) out of
which the researcher must choose one for his study. Obviously, he must select that
design which, for a given sample size and for a given cost, has a smaller sampling
error. To know the response, we used a questionnaire method. It has been designed
as a primary research instrument. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents
and they were asked to answer the questions given in the questionnaire. The
questionnaires were used as an instrumentation technique, because it is an
important method of data collection. The success of the questionnaire method in
collecting the information depends largely on proper drafting. So, in the present
study, questions were arranged and interconnected logically. The structured
questionnaire will reduce both interviewers and interpreters’ bias. Further, coding
and analysis was done for each question’s response to reach findings, suggestions
and finally to the conclusion about the topic.
TYPES OF DATA
Every decision poses a unique need for information, and relevant strategies can be
developed based on the information gathered through research. Research can be
described as a systematic process and in-depth study of facts relevant to the
problem. Research design means the framework of study that leads to the
collection and analysis of data. It is a conceptual structure within which research is
conducted. It facilitates smooth sailing of various research operations to make the
research as effective as possible.
1. Primary Data Primary data are those collected by the investigator himself for
the first time and thus they are original in character, they are collected for a
particular purpose. A well-structured questionnaire was personally administered to
the selected sample to collect the primary data.
2. Secondary Data Secondary data are those, which have already been collected
by some other persons for their purpose and published. Secondary data are usually
in the shape of finished products. Two types of secondary data were collected for
the preparation of the project work: Internal Data was generated from sample
survey and distribution of questionnaire among students. External Data, on the
other hand, was generated from magazines, research books, intranet and Internet
(websites).

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23
CHAPTER: 04
DATA
TABULATION
AND ANALYSIS

24
No. Of respondents Male % Female % Total %

72 48.6 51.4 100

This Pie Chart indicates that out of 72 respondents 51.4% are female and
48.6% are male. Thus, the majority of respondents are female while the male
are in the minority.

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Age No. Of Respondents Percentage
16-20 29 40.4
21-25 32 44.4
26-30 5 6.9
30+ 6 8.3
TOTAL 72

Out of 70 people 29 are from 16-20 age group, 32 are from 21-25, 5
people are from 26-30 and 6 people are 30 above.

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What is your frequency of visiting the social No. Of Percentag
networking sites? Respondents e
EVERYDAY 57 78.1
TWICE A WEEK 12 16.4
ONCE A WEEK 3 4.2
ONCE A MONTH 1 1.3

From the survey conducted we see that the majority of the people i.e. 78.1%
visit social media sites on a daily basis, while 16.4 % visit twice in a week and
only 4.2% visit once a week. The percentage of people who visit once a month
is 1.3%.

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Do you consider yourself addicted to social No. Of Percentag
media? Respondents e
YES 39 53.4
NO 24 32.9
MAYBE 10 13.7

This pie chart indicates that out of 73 people 53.4% people consider
themselves addicted to social media, 32.9% people think that they are not
addicted & 13.7% are not sure about it.

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Which age group do you think is affected the No. Of Percentag
most mentally by social media Respondents e
16-20 39 53.4
21-25 23 31.5
26-30 9 12.3
30+ 2 2.8

This pie chart indicates that the age group that is most affected by social
media is 16-20 with a percentage of 53.4%, followed by 31.5 % of people in
the 21-25. Age group 26-30 is less affected by social media i.e. 12.3% as per
the survey and people above 30 who are affected are only 2.8%.

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Do you feel that social media has more No. Of Percentag
positive or negative effects? Respondents e
MORE POSITIVELY 14 19.1
MORE NEGATIVELY 18 24.7
BOTH 41 56.2

This pie chart indicates that 56.2%(41) of people think that social media has
both positive and negative effects. 24.7%(18) of people think that it affects
negatively while 19.2 %(14) of people think that it has a positive impact too.

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Do you get affected by how many likes your No. Of Percentag
posts receive? Respondents e
YES 42 56.9
NO 31 43.1

This pie chart indicates that more than half of the people that are 56.9%(42)
are affected by the likes they get on social media while 43.1(31) people are not
affected by the number of likes.

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Do you think people take pride in gaining No. Of Percentag
more followers and appreciation? Respondents e
ALL THE TIME 30 41.1
NOT REALLY 25 34.2
SOMETIMES 18 24.7

This pie chart indicates that 41.1%(30) of the people according to the survey
take pride in gaining more followers. 24.7%(18) feel that sometimes it might
be true and the rest 34.2%(25) do not take pride in gaining appreciation on
social media

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Do you think social media is creating hatred No. Of Percentag
among people Respondents e
YES 33 45.2
NO 10 13.7
MAYBE 30 41.1

This pie chart indicates that 45.2% of 73 people think that social media
creates hatred among people. 13.7% do not feel so and the remaining 41.1%
think that sometimes it might be true that social media creates hatred.

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Is social media affecting the real life emotions No. Of Percentag
of the people? Respondents e
AGREE 39 54.5
DISAGREE 21 29.2
NEUTRAL 13 18.3

This pie chart indicates that more than 50% of people agree that real life
emotions are affected by social media. 28.2% disagree on this while the
remaining 18.3 are neutral about it.

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Do you think social media has a major No. Of Percentag
contribution in lowering your self esteem? Respondents e
YES 42 57.5
NO 31 42.5

According to the survey 57.5% of the people have the opinion that social
media contributes to lowering one’s self esteem.

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Do you make moderation to yourself in No. Of Percentag
accordance with the feedback received on Respondents e
social media?
YES 33 45.2
NO 19 26
MAYBE 21 28.8

This pie chart indicates that 45.2% of the people make moderations in their
personality/ behavior according to the feedback they receive on social media.
28.8% may or may not change and the rest 26% do not make changes
according to social media.

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Is social media’s negative feedback the only No. Of Percentag
thing that affects your presentation? Respondents e
AGREE 37 50.7
DISAGREE 36 49.3

This pie chart indicates that 50.7 % of people think that feedback on social
media affects self presentation thoughts and the remaining do not feel so.

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Do you think social media has become more No. Of Percentag
pessimistic in recent times? Respondents e
YES 35 47.9
NO 8 11
MAYBE 30 41.1

This pie chart indicates that 47.9% believe that social media has now become
pessimistic in recent times. 41.1% are doubtful about it and the rest 11% do
not think so.

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 CHAPTER: 05
FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS,
SUGGESTIONS AND
LIMITATIONS

FINDINGS
From the study we conducted and the data we collected above, we can observe that
-

39
 ● The survey was well understood and attempted by out of the total 73
respondents.
● 45.2% of 73 people think that social media creates hatred among people.
13.7% do not feel so and the remaining 41.1% think that sometimes it might
be true that social media creates hatred.
● More than half of the people that are 56.9 % are affected by the likes they
get on social media while 43.1 people are not affected by the number of
likes.
● According to the survey 57.5% of the people have the opinion that
social media contributes to lowering one’s self esteem.

CONCLUSIONS
Certainly it is seen that it is very subjective about what someone thinks or
matters about social media, but from the data collected it is assumed that the
sample is the representation of the majority. Hence the conclusions made
from the data collected are:

40
 1. The maximum number of reviews was given by the female part of the
sample size, and most of them were between the ages of 19-21 which
indicates that maximum are teens.

2. It is also observed that more than 70% of the respondents are frequent
visitors to their social media portals. With the majority using the social
media portals everyday they feel like yess they are addicted to the social
media

3. Another conclusion that is made is that a large proportion of responders

think that 16-20 is the age sector that is most affected and that teens are
on the higher side of getting manipulated by social media.

4. Responders at large also think that they get affected by the appreciation or
negativity they receive on social media, this hampers their self esteem and
affects their confidence level. Most people think that it is on the negative
side.

5. Lastly the responders also modify themselves according to the feedback they
receive which is by moral not an ethical thing.

People at large shouldn’t be so addicted to their social media portals, this

shouldn’t hamper their attitude towards their life or way of living. Teens today
should understand that people on social media are not the deciders of their
appearance and that they are beautiful in and out.

SUGGESTIONS
Undoubtedly social media can negatively affect a person’s self-perception and
mental health. This is caused by comparing ourselves to unrealistic images on
social media of what we believe we should look like. This can then lead to
dissatisfaction with our appearance and self-perception.

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 1. Comparing yourself to others on social media may have become an
unintentional habit you have picked up. However, it could be negatively
affecting your mental health.
2. What you see on social media isn’t reality. Images can be edited and staged,
so don’t compare yourself to something that isn’t real.
3. You never know what’s going on in their life. The person who you think is
happy with their body image and appearance may not be in reality.
4. It will only stall your progress. Don’t waste your energy, focusing on other
people’s lives.
5. Avoid looking at images you know trigger your thoughts of comparison by
unfollowing accounts on social platforms that you often compare yourself to.
6. Set limits on the amount of time you spend on social media.
7. No matter the reason, the moment being on social media starts to trigger
negative feelings is the time you need to stop scrolling.
8. If we prioritize using social media as a positive space for staying connected,
then we will be more likely to filter out accounts, people, groups, and
conversations that have the potential to infiltrate the positive networks we’ve
created.

LIMITATIONS
Although the study was carried out with extreme enthusiasm and careful planning
there are several limitations, which handicapped the research viz;

• Time Constraints: The time stipulated for the project to be completed is less and
thus there are chances that some information might have been left out, however
due care is taken to include all the relevant information needed.

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• Sample size: Due to time constraints the sample size was relatively small and
would definitely have been more representative if researchers had collected
information from more respondents.

• Accuracy: It is difficult to know if all the respondents gave accurate information;

some respondents tend to give misleading information.

• Lack of respondents: It was difficult to find respondents as they were busy in

their schedule, and collection of data was very difficult. Therefore, the study had to
be carried out based on the availability of respondents.

• Type of Sampling: Convenience sampling was used for the purpose of collecting
data in this study. While an ideal study would be probability sampling types, ease
and convenience due to time limitations have allowed for only convenience
sampling

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 CHAPTER:06
ANNEXURE AND
REFERENCES

ANNEXURE

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 REFERENCES
https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/negative-effects-social-media/

http://blogs.dunyanews.tv/17840/

https://www.uvureview.com/news/front-page/recent/opinions/the-evils-of-social-media/

https://unleashed.bancroftschool.org/7029/a-and-e/draft-social-media-the-source-of-evil/

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