PROJECT REPORT

ON
“THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN FUELING
REBELLION AMONG MODERN TEENAGERS”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2021-2024

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. RAJAT AGARWAL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, VIPS

SUBMITTED BY:
VAIBHAV SHARMA
ROLL NO. 06117701721
BBA (G) SEM 4th SECTION B

Vivekananda School of Business Studies

Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies
AU Block (Outer Ring Road) Pitampura
Delhi – 110034
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 STUDENT UNDERTAKING

This is to certify that I have completed the Project titled “THE CONTRIBUTION OF
SOCIAL MEDIA IN FUELING REBELLION AMONG MODERN TEENAGERS”
under the guidance of “MR. RAJAT AGARWAL” in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) at Vivekananda Institute of
Professional Studies, Vivekananda School of Business Studies, New Delhi. This is an original
piece of work and has not been submitted elsewhere.

STUDENT SIGNATURE
VAIBHAV SHARMA
06117701721

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a matter of great satisfaction and pleasure to present this project report on “THE
CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN FUELING REBELLION AMONG
MODERN TEENAGERS”. I take this opportunity to thank all my faculty for their
encouragement and able guidance at every stage of the project. I am grateful to MR. RAJAT
AGARWAL, my project guide for sparing his precious time and guiding me and for giving
valuable suggestions for compiling the project report. I express my heartfelt gratitude to all
those people who have helped me directly or indirectly in completing this project .

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL

MEDIA IN FUELING REBELLION AMONG MODERN TEENAGERS” is
an academic work done by “VAIBHAV SHARMA” submitted in the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Business
Administration (BBA) from Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies,
Vivekananda School of Business Studies, New Delhi., under my guidance &
direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data & information
presented by him/her in the project has not been submitted earlier.

Project Guide

RAJAT AGARWAL

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 S. No. Particulars Pg. No.

1 Chapter: 1 3 - 10
Introduction

2. Chapter: 2 11-14
Review of Literature

3. Chapter: 3 15-23
Research Objectives
and Methodology

4. Chapter: 4 24-37
Data Tabulation &
Analysis

5. Chapter: 5
Findings 39-40

6. Chapter: 6 41-44
Conclusion,
Suggestions ,
Limitation

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 CHAPTER: 01
INTRODUCTION

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 PROPOSAL

Topic – The contribution of social media in fueling rebellion among

modern teenagers

Objective - To study the influence of social media on the people

Background - Like other things, utilising social media has its advantages (the
good), drawbacks (the bad), and risks (the ugly), which can lurk and have an
impact on many people's lives, but especially those of teenagers. The evil comes
with the good. Despite all of its advantages, social media has a number of potential
drawbacks. Sadly, everything that technology has to offer has a negative side.

Your mood could be negatively impacted by using social networking sites for an
extended period of time. In actuality, those who use frequently are more likely to
report having poor mental health, including signs of despair and anxiety. It doesn't
require much thought to understand why. Through social media, you can view the
deliberately chosen positive aspects of everyone else's lives, which you can
contrast with the drawbacks in your own. Anxiety is a sure sign of comparison, and
social media has only made it simpler to do so.

More addicting than alcohol and tobacco, social media may be. For many people, it
has a strong allure that causes them to check it often, without even realising it.You
don't necessary need to remove all social networking sites just because you've been
using social media excessively. However, if you think quitting is the best solution
for you, it isn't a bad idea. In fact, you can find out what it's like to quit social
media through a first-hand story.

Internet and social media use come with a lot of risks. Young people are notorious
for being overly honest about their personal life, especially in public. There are no
restrictions on what anyone can post. This kind of public sharing and presentation
carries risks. These posts likely to mislead our youngsters because they are
unregulated and unwatched. Therefore, it is crucial to research how social media
affects people.

INTRODUCTION

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Multitasking has become a common theme in our lives. It’s a wonder how we
manage it all. We depend on our smartphones for work, school, our personal and
social lives. When was the last time you left home without your phone and kept on
going? The internet has become a significant part of our daily lives. So too has
social media. And it is having an impact on today’s population

'Social Media is such a negative place ' We've all heard this, and most of us
probably think It's true - at least to some degree. But do most people share happy
thoughts online, or is social media and the web just a big pit of despair

'The more we use social media. the less happy we seem to be '

- Forbes

'The reality of social media today is that.. you can't avoid negative reviews and
comments.'

- Inc

'Social media has also brought about a negative impact on the way people
communicate as well as their communication skills.'

- Harvard Big Blog

'Our feeds often resemble an endless stream of stress:'

- BBC

Three billion people, around 40% of the world’s population, use online social
media – and we’re spending an average of two hours every day sharing, liking,
tweeting and updating on these platforms, according to some reports. That breaks
down to around half a million tweets and Snapchat photos shared every
minute. With social media playing such a big part in our lives, could we be
sacrificing our mental health and well-being as well as our time.

Back in 2005, when social media was still in its infancy, only about 5 percent of
users in the United States were involved in social media. In 2019, that number
grew to about 70 percent.

Like most things, using social media has its positives (the good), its cautionary
tales (the bad), and dangers (the ugly) that lurk and impact the lives of many, but
especially teens.

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Along with the good comes the bad. With all of its benefits, the nature of social
media presents a range of potential issues.

Sadly, there is an ugly side to all that technology offers. While bullying is not a
new concept, social media and technology have brought bullying to a new level. It
becomes a more constant, ever-present threat -- cyberbullying.

The cons of social media can take a toll on young minds. Suicide remains among
the leading causes of death of children under age 14. In most cases, young people
die from hanging.

If you can't imagine your life without social media, you've probably fallen victim
to the power that social networking sites have on people. The chances are that
you've also experienced some of the negative effects of social media on people
who use them. Unfortunately, the bad effects of social media are all too real for a
lot of us. Let's look at the negative impact of social media on real people that
happens every day.

You might be surprised to learn that the negative effects of social media are both
physical and mental. They can change your perception of the world and yourself.
While social media does have some positive effects, and there are positive social
media stories out there, it also has a lot in the drawback column.

Your mood could be negatively impacted by using social networking sites for an
extended period of time. In actuality, those who use frequently are more likely to
report having poor mental health, including signs of despair and anxiety. It doesn't
require much thought to understand why. Through social media, you can view the
deliberately chosen positive aspects of everyone else's lives, which you can
contrast with the drawbacks in your own. Anxiety is a sure sign of comparison, and
social media has only made it simpler to do so.

The term "FOMO" stands for "fear of missing out," and it refers to the feeling of
anxiety you get when you're afraid of missing out on something enjoyable that
someone else is doing. You might, for instance, spend the entire day checking your
Instagram feed to make sure no one is doing anything fun without you or you
might recurrently check your messages to see if anyone has invited you out. What
you see on social media constantly feeds this dread. You'll have a better chance of
noticing that someone is currently having more fun than you are if you utilise
social media more frequently. And that is the root of FOMO.

Most social media sites have a severe lack of online authenticity. People use
Snapchat to share their exciting adventures, post about how much they love their

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significant other on Facebook, and load up their Instagram page with heavily
staged photos. But in reality, you have no way of knowing whether this is all a
farce. While it looks great on the surface, that person could be in massive debt, on
bad terms with their significant other, and just desperate for Instagram likes as a
form of validation. One simple way out of this mess is for everyone to quit lying
on social media. But in the era of Instagram influencers and YouTubers who earn
millions from being inauthentic, that isn't going to happen anytime soon.

Speaking of Instagram stars, if you browse through popular Instagram profiles,

you'll see incredibly attractive people with wonderfully sculpted bodies wearing
pricey clothing. Body image is a problem for everyone today. Of course, seeing so
many people who, by society's standards, are purportedly ideal on a daily basis
makes you aware of how different you appear from those images. And not
everyone in this circumstance draws wise judgements. It's crucial to keep in mind
that everyone is a human. While many people have gone to tremendous pains to
train their bodies, that's not the case for everyone who appears fit. Nobody wakes
up every morning looking like a supermodel.

Spending too much time on social media might affect your sleep quality in addition
to raising your risk of experiencing anxiety and despair. The rising usage of social
media has been linked to poorer sleep quality, according to numerous research.
Reduce the time you spend on social media if you feel that your sleep patterns have
become erratic and have affected your productivity. This is particularly true if you
use your phone when in bed at night. It's all too easy to promise yourself that you'll
check your Facebook notifications in five minutes, only to find out an hour later
that you've been idly browsing through irrelevant Twitter posts. Avoid letting
social media algorithms take your data.

If you're not sure whether you're addicted to social networks, try to remember the
last time you went a full day without checking any social media accounts. Do you
feel rejected if someone unfollows you? And if your favourite social networks
completely disappeared tomorrow, would it make you feel empty and depressed?
At the end of the day, social media sites want to keep you scrolling for as long as
possible so they can show you lots of ads and make more money. Because of the
attention economy, these sites need your eyes on them for as long as possible.

Social media can be more addictive than cigarettes and alcohol. It has a powerful
draw for many people that leads to them checking it all the time without even
thinking about it. Just because you've been going overboard on social media use
doesn't mean you necessarily need to wipe out all social networking platforms.

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However, if you think quitting is the best solution for you, it isn't a bad idea. In
fact, you can find out what it's like to quit social media through a first-hand story.

The risks of social media and the unrealistic views matter because it is affecting
most of society today. Some fail to acknowledge that it is only an illusion. Social
media can only go so far but it will never be real. It is a surreal reality that man has
created for entertainment. Social media has a very strong potential although you
should be aware of the serious flaws it has. Social platforms are made to be
addicting and cause a dilemma between its users. Many of its users are not aware
that the use of social media drain their energy and sends off negativity with the
horrible comments and the comparisons between celebrities; however, they do not
take action to stop the negativity because they do not realize what is making them
insecure and sad. People must live life without worrying about how they look and
should embrace more with what they have and who they are. Social media was
once a goal to be reached and a beautiful resource, now it is a daunting reality.

Social media, nonetheless, can create unrealistic expectations and disturb the peace
of its users. Social media creates an illusion of what a person is and how they live.
Many women want to look like Gigi Hadid and live a luxurious life like Kim
Kardashian. They compare themselves to these celebrities who portray perfection
and success in social media with their luxurious vacations and their expensive cars,
but can lead to negative thoughts and negative self-talk as well; it becomes a sign
of intimidation to users who do not look similar to a model or have not reached the
financial success someone online had at a very young age. This phenomenon can
also create insecurities within the person and low-self-esteem. Different social
platforms can then take advantage of your vulnerability and try to convince you to
buy fitness programs that are unrealistic. They guarantee you that in 7 days you
will look like Gigi Hadid if only you purchase their fitness programs for $14.99 a
month. Many people fall for these false fitness programs because they are
desperate, but when they buy it, many feel disappointed with their results. On the
other hand, some social media users tend to express their negative thoughts of
others, creating an unsafe place for a person to share what they desire. Young
women today have to be very careful with what they post and with what
information they share because they can be subject to body shaming and
cyberbullying. Not everyone using social media has good intentions towards
anyone which is very dangerous to society and most importantly, your safety. In
many cases people who are determined to harm you will look everywhere to find
your flaws or your weaknesses and most of the time social media shows more than
you know about yourself. The media is its separate world with its many dangers. In
addition, Society is also very addicted to their phones and does not realize that

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when time passes by, it is gone forever. That time you had dinner with your
grandparents, but instead you decided to pay more attention to the comment
section than your grandparents' love story. These small moments should matter
more than a post on Instagram or a comment section. You will regret not listening
to them when you had a chance. The unrealistic views and expectations that social
media provides, release the negative energy that makes people feel miserable.

Cybercrime also includes committing identity theft. Identity theft is when people
steal personal information of others and misuse it by making fake accounts. These
fake accounts are used to defame and slander the character and reputation of the
individual and his or her friends and family. At times your computer may be
affected by a virus that transfers your personal information to others without your
knowledge.

The use and dissemination of inappropriate content on social media platforms is a

significant problem as well. Every day, more unsuitable stuff is disseminated on
social media at an increasing rate. The majority of people's time on social
networking platforms is spent watching inappropriate videos and images,
especially adults. Frequent exposure to unsuitable material has the potential to alter
one's perspective and, on a larger scale, to undermine social norms and values.
Social media has a negative impact on kids as well. Instead than concentrating on
their studies, kids frequently spend the majority of their time on these social media
platforms. Children today are typically smarter and more knowledgeable than their
parents while not necessarily being younger.

Nowadays, social media allows the spread of falsified or incorrect information that
may conflict with actual and true facts. People often tend to believe everything
they read or see on social media without questioning its authenticity. Not only does
this lead to miscommunication, but also creates confusion amongst individuals.
The habit of reading newspapers and books has witnessed a decline as the use of
social media has increased. People use shortcuts for gathering information without
any authentic reasoning and evidence

Internet and social media use come with a lot of risks. Young people are notorious
for being overly honest about their personal life, especially in public. There are no
restrictions on what anyone can post. This kind of public sharing and presentation
carries risks. These posts likely to mislead our youngsters because they are
unregulated and unwatched.

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11
 CHAPTER: 02
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

REVIEW I
Topic - A study on the negative effects of social networking sites such as
Instagram and Facebook

Year - 2014

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Link -
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272490714_A_Study_on_the_Negati
ve_Effects_of_Social_Networking_Sites_Such_as_Facebook_among_Asia_Pac
ific_University_Scholars_in_Malaysia

Objective - The goal of this study was to pinpoint the detrimental impact that
social networking sites like Facebook have on academics at Asia Pacific
University.

The researcher distributed 152 surveys to students of the chosen university to

examine and study the negative effects. Electronic communication is emotionally
gratifying but how do such technological distractions impact on academic
performance? Because of the social media platform’s widespread adoption by
university students, there is an interest in how Facebook is related to academic
performance.

Lastly, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the law and privacy of
Facebook. It shows how Facebook users socialize on the site, while they are not
aware or misunderstand t In order to determine if Facebook has an impact on
students' performance, this article tracks usage patterns, activity participation, and
preparation time. Additionally, the effect of social networking sites on academic
achievement brought up a very important issue: health. Social networking
platforms today control students' futures and careers. Social networking sites were
once only a way for people to communicate online, but sadly, they have now
turned into an addiction for students. This essay investigates the connection
between health risks and social networking platforms.

In order to determine if Facebook has an impact on students' performance, this

article tracks usage patterns, activity participation, and preparation time.
Additionally, the effect of social networking sites on academic achievement
brought up a very important issue: health. Social networking platforms today
control students' futures and careers. Social networking sites were once only a way
for people to communicate online, but sadly, they have now turned into an
addiction for students. This essay investigates the connection between health risks
and social networking platforms.

The risk involved and how their privacy suffers as a result.

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 REVIEW II
Topic - A study on positive and negative effects of social media on society

Year - 2017

Link -
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323903323_A_Study_on_Positive_a
nd_Negative_Effects_of_Social_Media_on_Society

Objective - In order to determine if social media has a beneficial or bad

influence on society.

Being social media a widely used platform has its own positive and negative
impacts. On one hand it helps the businesses to reach a wider segment of audience,
medical facilities to reach various parts of the world, doctors being able to guide
their patients without face to face interactions and all information being available
to students at one place. But on the other hand it has various negative traits that
cannot be ignored it may help the help the people but it also makes them face
various problems such as bullying, a simple and honest mistake in a business
promotion can lead to number of depreciating comments and can put the image of
business in danger, it also has made students get exposed to a number of topics and
information that they shouldn’t be knowing in the age they are. They unknowingly
surf to many things that are not meant for them and they also interact with people
who either are not known to them or are not good for their mental health. Also
social media that is new to the people of the 90s era gets them more criticism either
because of the fact that they are not going with trends or are posting stuff that feels
pleasing to them but not to the existing users or teens. Social media has different
merits yet it likewise has a few faults which influence individuals contrarily.
False data can lead the training framework to disappointment, in organizations
wrong promotion will influence the productivity, online networking can
manhandle the general public by attacking on individuals' security.

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15
CHAPTER: 03
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
AND METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The main highlighting point of the study would be to analyse how much does
people gets affected by social media -

● Other sub objectives would be to observe.

● People and their usage of social media
● How keen are people to share their personal information
● What are the views of majority on social media being a boon or bane

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 ● To find out people's opinion whether social media is really a negative
influence or not

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Descriptive research is the type of study it is because it comprises fact-finding

through surveys and other types of inquiries. It is employed to respond to the
who, what, when, where, and how inquiries connected to a certain research
issue or problem. Studies that are focused with discovering "what is" are
sometimes referred to as descriptive studies. It makes an effort to collect
quantitative data that may be utilised to statistically analyse a target
population or a specific topic. Such studies' principal objective is to describe
the prevailing views on the subject or issue being investigated.
Quantitative Research Studies emphasize objective measurements and the
statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls,
questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical
data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular
phenomenon.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Goal in conducting
quantitative research study is to determine the relationship between one thing [an
independent variable] and another [a dependent or outcome variable] within a
population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive 19 [subjects usually
measured once] or experimental [subjects measured before and after a treatment].
A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables; an
experimental study establishes causality. Quantitative research deals in numbers,
logic, and an objective stance. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and
unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent
reasoning [i.e., the generation of a variety of ideas about a research problem in a
spontaneous, free-flowing manner].
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

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• The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
• The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the
population.
• The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high
reliability.
• Researchers have a clearly defined research question to which objective answers
are sought.
• All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected. • Data are
in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or
other non-textual forms.
• Projects can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or
investigate causal relationships.
• Researchers use tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect
numerical data. The overarching aim of a quantitative research study is to classify
features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what
is observed.

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study will also utilize a questionnaire survey to inquire about the view of the
people about the hatred on the internet. The channel used will be Google Forms, by
sharing the link of the form. The method of collecting data by questionnaires is
most extensively employed in various surveys. The merits claimed on behalf of
this method are as follows:
1. There is low cost even when the universe is large and is widely spread
geographically.
2. It is free from the bias of the interviewer; answers are in respondents’ own
words.
3. Respondents have adequate time to give well thought out answers.
4. Respondents, who are not easily approachable, can also be reached
conveniently.

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5. Large samples can be made use of and thus the results can be made more
dependable and reliable.

SAMPLING
A sample is a collection of people, things, or things used in study that is taken for
analysis from a wider population. To guarantee that we can extrapolate the study
sample's findings to the entire community, the sample has to be representative of
the population. We must utilise inferential statistics to enable us to identify a
population's characteristics by directly seeing only a section (or sample) of the
population in order to fulfil the aim of sampling, which is to derive inferences
about populations from samples. For various reasons, including the fact that it is
frequently impractical and nearly never affordable, we take a sample of the
population. Additionally, it would be challenging to measure whole populations
because:
• The large size of many populations 21
• Inaccessibility of some of the population - Some populations are so difficult to
get access to that only a sample can be used. E.g. prisoners, people with severe
mental illness, disaster survivors.
• The inaccessibility may be associated with cost or time or just access.
• Destructiveness of the observation- Sometimes the very act of observing the
desired characteristic of the product destroys it for the intended use. Good
examples of this occur in quality control. E.g. to determine the quality of a fuse
and whether it is defective, it must be destroyed. Therefore, if you tested all the
fuses, all would be destroyed.
• Accuracy and sampling - A sample may be more accurate than the total study
population. A badly identified population can provide less reliable information
than a carefully obtained sample.

TYPES OF SAMPLING USED

Practical Sampling A special kind of non-probability sampling technique
called convenience sampling depends on data gathering from population

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members who are conveniently accessible to take part in the study.
Convenience sampling is a sort of sampling in which the study will rely solely
on the first primary data source that is made accessible. To put it another
way, this sampling technique entails gathering people anywhere they can be
found and usually wherever it is convenient. Prior to choosing the participants
for convenience sampling, no inclusion criteria were established. Everyone is
encouraged to take part. Universe: Delhi residents Example: No Age
Restrictions Size of the Sample: For this research investigation, a sample size
of 101 people was used. The 101 responses would all be Delhi residents
without any age constraint

TYPE OF SAMPLES
➢ Probability (Random) Samples
1. Simple random sample
2. Systematic random sample
3. Stratified random sample
4. Multistage sample
5. Multiphase sample
6. Cluster sample
➢ Non-Probability Samples
1. Convenience sample
2. Purposive sample
3. Quota

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
A probability sampling scheme is one in which every unit in the population has a
chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can
be accurately determined. When every element in the population does have the
same probability of selection, this is known as an 'equal probability of selection'

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(EPS) design. Such designs are also referred to as 'self-weighting' because all
sampled units are given the same weight.

NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Any sampling method where some elements of the population have no chance of
selection (these are sometimes referred to as 'out of coverage'/'under covered'), or
where the probability of selection can't be accurately determined. It involves the
selection of elements based on assumptions regarding the population of interest,
which forms the criteria for selection. Hence, because the selection of elements is
non-random, nonprobability sampling does not allow the estimation of sampling
errors. Example: We visit every household in a given street, and interview the first
person to answer the door. In any household with more than one occupant, this is a
nonprobability sample, because some people are more likely to answer the door
(e.g. an unemployed person who spends most of their time at home is more likely
to answer than an employed housemate who might be at work when the
interviewer calls) and it's not practical to calculate these probabilities.

STEPS IN SAMPLE DESIGN

While developing a sampling design, the researcher must pay attention to the
following points:
1. Type of universe: The first step in developing any sample design is to clearly
define the set of objects, technically called the Universe, to be studied. The
universe can be finite or infinite. In a finite universe the number of items is certain,
but in the case of an infinite universe the number of items is infinite, i.e., we
cannot have any idea about the total number of items. The population of a city, the
number of workers in a factory and the like are examples of finite universes,
whereas the number of stars in the sky, listeners of a specific radio programmed,
throwing of a dice etc. are examples of infinite universes.
2. Sampling unit: A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before
selecting a sample. Sampling unit may be a geographical one such as state, district,

21
village, etc., or a construction unit such as house, flat, etc., or it may be a social
unit such as family, club, school, etc., or it may be an individual. The researcher
will have to decide one or more of such units that he has to select for his study. 3.
Source list: It is also known as ‘sampling frame’ from which sample is to be
drawn. It contains the names of all items of a universe (in case of a finite universe
only). If the source list is 24 not available, the researcher has to prepare it. Such a
list should be comprehensive, correct, reliable and appropriate. It is extremely
important for the source list to be as representative of the population as possible. 4.
Size of sample: This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe
to constitute a sample. This is a major problem for a researcher. The size of the
sample should neither be excessively large, nor too small. It should be optimum.
An optimum sample is one which fulfils the requirements of efficiency,
representativeness, reliability and flexibility. While deciding the size of the sample,
researchers must determine the desired precision as also an acceptable confidence
level for the estimate. The size of population variance needs to be considered as in
case of larger variance usually a bigger sample is needed. The size of the
population must be kept in view for this also limits the sample size. The parameters
of interest in a research study must be kept in view, while deciding the size of the
sample. Costs too dictate the size of the sample that we can draw. As such,
budgetary constraints must invariably be taken into consideration when we decide
the sample size.
5. Parameters of interest: In determining the sample design, one must consider
the question of the specific population parameters which are of interest. For
instance, we may be interested in estimating the proportion of persons with some
characteristic in the population, or we may be interested in knowing some average
or the other measure concerning the population. There may also be important sub-
groups in the population about whom we would like to make estimates. All this has
a strong impact upon the sample design we would accept.
6. Budgetary constraint: Cost considerations, from a practical point of view,
have a major impact upon decisions relating to not only the size of the sample but
also to the type of sample. This fact can even lead to the use of a non-probability
sample.
7. Sampling procedure: Finally, the researcher must decide the type of sample he
will use i.e., he must decide about the technique to be used in selecting the items
for the sample. In fact, this technique or procedure stands for the sample design
itself. There are several sample designs (explained in the pages that follow) out of

22
which the researcher must choose one for his study. Obviously, he must select that
design which, for a given sample size and for a given cost, has a smaller sampling
error. To know the response, we used a questionnaire method. It has been designed
as a primary research instrument. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents
and they were asked to answer the questions given in the questionnaire. The
questionnaires were used as an instrumentation technique, because it is an
important method of data collection. The success of the questionnaire method in
collecting the information depends largely on proper drafting. So, in the present
study, questions were arranged and interconnected logically. The structured
questionnaire will reduce both interviewers and interpreters’ bias. Further, coding
and analysis was done for each question’s response to reach findings, suggestions
and finally to the conclusion about the topic.

TYPES OF DATA
Every decision poses a unique need for information, and relevant strategies can be
developed based on the information gathered through research. Research can be
described as a systematic process and in-depth study of facts relevant to the
problem. Research design means the framework of study that leads to the
collection and analysis of data. It is a conceptual structure within which research is
conducted. It facilitates smooth sailing of various research operations to make the
research as effective as possible.
1. Primary Data Primary data are those collected by the investigator himself for
the first time and thus they are original in character, they are collected for a
particular purpose. A well-structured questionnaire was personally administered to
the selected sample to collect the primary data.
2. Secondary Data Secondary data are those, which have already been collected
by some other persons for their purpose and published. Secondary data are usually
in the shape of finished products. Two types of secondary data were collected for
the preparation of the project work: Internal Data was generated from sample
survey and distribution of questionnaire among students. External Data, on the
other hand, was generated from magazines, research books, intranet and Internet
(websites).

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CHAPTER: 04
24
 DATA
TABULATION
AND ANALYSIS

 GENDER
No. Of respondents Male % Female % Total %

101 59.4 40.6 100

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This Pie Chart indicates that out of 101 respondents 40.6% are female and
59.4% are male. Thus, the majority of respondents are male while the female
are in the minority.

 AGE

Age No. Of Respondents Percentage

16-20 35 33.6
21-25 47 47.5
26-30 14 13.8
30+ 5 3.9
TOTAL 101 100

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Out of 101 people 35 are from 16-20 age group, 47 are from 21-25, 14
people are from 26-30 and 5 people are 30 above.

What is your frequency of visiting the social No. Of Percentage

networking sites? Respondents

EVERYDAY 46 44.6
TWICE A WEEK 35 35.6
ONCE A WEEK 11 10.9
ONCE A MONTH 9 8.9

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From the survey conducted we see that the majority of the people i.e. 45.5%
visit social media sites on a daily basis, while 34.7% visit twice in a week and
only 10.9% visit once a week. The percentage of people who visit once a
month is 8.9%.

Do you consider yourself addicted to social No. Of Percentage

media? Respondents

YES 51 40.5
NO 30 29.7
MAYBE 20 19.8

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This pie chart indicates that out of 101 people 50.5% people consider
themselves addicted to social media, 39.7% people think that they are not
addicted & 19.8% are not sure about it.

Which age group do you think is affected the No. Of Percentage

most mentally by social media Respondents

16-20 43 42.6
21-25 29 28.7
26-30 9 8.9
30+ 20 19.8

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This pie chart indicates that the age group that is most affected by social
media is 16-20 with a percentage of 42.6%, followed by 28.7 % of people in
the 21-25. Age group 26-30 is less affected by social media i.e. 8.9% as per the
survey and people above 30 who are affected are only 19.8%.

Do you feel that social media has more positive No. Of Percentage
or negative effects? Respondents

MORE POSITIVELY 34 33.7

MORE NEGATIVELY 34 33.7

BOTH 33 32.7

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This pie chart indicates that 33.7%(34) of people think that social media has
both positive and negative effects. 33.7%(34) of people think that it affects
negatively while 32.7 %(33) of people think that it has a positive impact too.

Do you get affected by how many likes your posts No. Of Percentage
receive? Respondents

YES 51 50.5

NO 50 49.5

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This pie chart indicates that more than half of the people that are 50.5%(51)
are affected by the likes they get on social media while 49.5(50) people are not
affected by the number of likes.

Do you think people take pride in gaining more No. Of Percentage

followers and appreciation? Respondents

ALL THE TIME 27 26.7

NOT REALLY 40 39.6

SOMETIMES 34 33.7

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This pie chart indicates that 26.7%(27) of the people according to the survey
take pride in gaining more followers. 39.6%(40) feel that sometimes it might
be true and the rest 33.7%(34) do not take pride in gaining appreciation on
social media

Do you think social media is creating hatred No. Of Percentage

among people Respondents

YES 42 41.6

NO 25 24.8

MAYBE 34 33.7

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This pie chart indicates that 41.6% of 101 people think that social media
creates hatred among people. 24.8% do not feel so and the remaining 33.7%
think that sometimes it might be true that social media creates hatred.

Is social media affecting the real life emotions of No. Of Percentage

the people? Respondents

AGREE 42 41.6

DISAGREE 38 37.6

NEUTRAL 21 20.8

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This pie chart indicates that more than 41.6% of people agree that real life
emotions are affected by social media. 37.7% disagree on this while the
remaining 20.8% are neutral about it.

Do you think social media has a major No. Of Percentage

contribution in lowering your self esteem? Respondents

YES 55 54.5

NO 46 45.5

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According to the survey 54.5% of the people have the opinion that social
media contributes to lowering one’s self esteem.

Do you make moderation to yourself in No. Of Percentage

accordance with the feedback received on social Respondents
media?
YES 38 37.6

NO 25 24.7

MAYBE 38 37.6

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This pie chart indicates that 37.6% of the people make moderations in their
personality/ behavior according to the feedback they receive on social media.
24.8% may or may not change and the rest 37.6% do not make changes
according to social media.

Is social media’s negative feedback the only thing No. Of Percentage

that affects your presentation? Respondents

AGREE 64 43.6

DISAGREE 57 56.4

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This pie chart indicates that 43.6 % of people think that feedback on social
media affects self-presentation thoughts and the remaining do not feel so.

Do you think social media has become more No. Of Percentage

pessimistic in recent times? Respondents

YES 36 35.6

NO 28 27.7

MAYBE 37 36.6

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This pie chart indicates that 35.6% believe that social media has now become
pessimistic in recent times. 27.7% are doubtful about it and the rest 36.6% do
not think so.

39
 CHAPTER: 05
FINDINGS

FINDINGS
From the study we conducted and the data we collected above, we can observe that
-

40
 ● The survey was well understood and attempted by out of the total 101
respondents.
● 41.6% of 101 people think that social media creates hatred among people.
24.8% do not feel so and the remaining 33.7% think that sometimes it might
be true that social media creates hatred.
● More than half of the people that are 50.5 % are affected by the likes they
get on social media while 49.5 % people are not affected by the number of
likes.
● According to the survey 54.5% of the people have the opinion that
social media contributes to lowering one’s self esteem.

41
 CHAPTER: 06
CONCLUSIONS,
SUGGESTIONS,
LIMITATIONS

CONCLUSIONS

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It is clear that opinions on social media are very subjective, yet based on the
data gathered, it is considered that the sample is representative of the
majority. As a result, the following conclusions are drawn from the data:

1. The maximum number of reviews was given by the male part of the
sample size, and most of them were between the ages of 19-21 which
indicates that maximum are teens.

2. It is also observed that more than 45% of the respondents are frequent
visitors to their social media portals. With the majority using the social
media portals everyday they feel like yes they are addicted to the social
media

3. Another conclusion that is made is that a large proportion of responders

think that 16-20 is the age sector that is most affected and that teens are
on the higher side of getting manipulated by social media.

4. Responders at large also think that they get affected by the appreciation or
negativity they receive on social media, this hampers their self-esteem and
affects their confidence level. Most people think that it is on the negative
side.

5. Lastly the responders also modify themselves according to the feedback they
receive which is by moral not an ethical thing.

People at large shouldn’t be so addicted to their social media portals, this

shouldn’t hamper their attitude towards their life or way of living. Teens today
should understand that people on social media are not the deciders of their
appearance and that they are beautiful in and out.

SUGGESTIONS
Without a question, social media may have a detrimental impact on a person's
mental and self-perception. This results from our comparing our actual

43
appearance to idealised photographs posted on social media. This might then
cause us to feel bad about how we look and how we think of ourselves.

1. Comparing yourself to others on social media may have become an

unintentional habit you have picked up. However, it could be negatively
affecting your mental health.
2. What you see on social media isn’t reality. Images can be edited and staged,
so don’t compare yourself to something that isn’t real.
3. You never know what’s going on in their life. The person who you think is
happy with their body image and appearance may not be in reality.
4. It will only stall your progress. Don’t waste your energy, focusing on other
people’s lives.
5. Avoid looking at images you know trigger your thoughts of comparison by
unfollowing accounts on social platforms that you often compare yourself to.
6. Set limits on the amount of time you spend on social media.
7. No matter the reason, the moment being on social media starts to trigger
negative feelings is the time you need to stop scrolling.
8. If we prioritize using social media as a positive space for staying connected,
then we will be more likely to filter out accounts, people, groups, and
conversations that have the potential to infiltrate the positive networks we’ve
created.

LIMITATIONS
Although the study was carried out with extreme enthusiasm and careful planning
there are several limitations, which handicapped the research viz;

44
• Time Constraints: The time stipulated for the project to be completed is less and
thus there are chances that some information might have been left out, however
due care is taken to include all the relevant information needed.

• Sample size: Due to time constraints the sample size was relatively small and
would definitely have been more representative if researchers had collected
information from more respondents.

• Accuracy: It is difficult to know if all the respondents gave accurate information;

some respondents tend to give misleading information.

• Lack of respondents: It was difficult to find respondents as they were busy in

their schedule, and collection of data was very difficult. Therefore, the study had to
be carried out based on the availability of respondents.

• Type of Sampling: Convenience sampling was used for the purpose of collecting
data in this study. While an ideal study would be probability sampling types, ease
and convenience due to time limitations have allowed for only convenience
sampling

45
 CHAPTER:07
ANNEXURE AND
REFERENCES

46
 ANNEXURE

QUESTIONNAIRE

1) Name*

47
 2) Gender*
o Male
o Female
o Prefer not to say
o Other:

3) Age*

4) What is your frequency of visiting the social networking sites?*

o Everyday
o Twice a week
o Once a week
o Once a month

5) Do you consider yourself addicted to social media?*

o Yes
o No
o Maybe

6) Which age group do you think is affected the most mentally by social
media?*

o 16-20
o 21-25
o 26-30

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 o 30+

7) Do you feel that social media has more positive or negative effects?*
o More positive
o More negative
o Both

8) Do you get affected by how many likes your posts receive?*

o Yes
o No

9) Do you think people take pride in gaining more followers and appreciation?*
o All the time
o Sometimes
o Not really

10) Do you think social media is creating hatred among people?*

o Yes
o No
o Maybe

11) Is social media affecting the real life emotions of people?*

o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree

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 12) Do you think social media has a major contribution in lowering your
self-esteem?*
o Yes
o No

13) Do you make moderations to yourself in accordance with the feedback

received on social media?*
o Yes
o No
o Maybe

14) Does social media’s negative feedback the only thing that affects your
self-presentation thoughts?*
o Agree
o Disagree

15) Do you think social media has become more pessimistic(dark or

depressed) in recent time?*
o Yes
o No
o Maybe

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 REFERENCES
https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/negative-effects-social-media/

http://blogs.dunyanews.tv/17840/

https://www.uvureview.com/news/front-page/recent/opinions/the-evils-of-social-media/

https://unleashed.bancroftschool.org/7029/a-and-e/draft-social-media-the-source-of-evil/

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