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 Ħ1.38
No. 184

ANALYSIS OF A RIGID FRAME

CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

WELT DEL
TA
ERSI
UNIV

THE WELLINGTON UNDERPASS OF VI

N

Lena
*

1819
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO . 184

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 1934

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA LIBRARY

X030353845
 Giri
JAN 8 35

Underside of the Wellington underpass. The rigid - frame arch has architectural advan
tages over other types.

Constructing the Wellington underpass.

II
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME
CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE
By C. D. GEISLER, Highway Bridge Engineer, Division of Design, Bureau of
Public Roads

The rigid - frame bridge is a type of curved beam or arch struc

ture in which both horizontal and vertical reactions occur under
vertical loading. Unless the frame is three -hinged, requiring a
hinge at the crown, it is statically indeterminate.
For a true arch , analysis is made of an elastic rib sprung between
rock or massive gravity abutments which are practically free from
elastic deformation , and remain immovable under the reactions of
the arch rib. In the rigid frame the abutments are relatively slender
and flexible and approximately of the same general thickness as the
rib spanning the abutments and therefore must be considered as
integral parts of the elastic structure. Inasmuch as the interior face
of the rigid frame is shaped to provide desired clearances and pro
portions of opening, the neutral axis of the entire rib usually will not
conform to the curve of the equilibrium polygon or reaction line
closely as in the case of the true arch. Consequently high bending
moments will occur, requiring an adequate investigation of the bend
ing and shearing stresses.
In accordance with the procedure of arch design, the dimensions
of the entire rigid frame rib are first assumed , and the stresses com
puted on the basis of the elastic properties of the structure. The rib
is then revised where required to reduce the stresses, and if neces
sary the frame is again analyzed.
The abutments of a rigid -frame structure are usually set on light,
spread footings of sufficient width to keep the foundation pressure
within safe limits, but generally insufficient in size or mass to hold
the lower ends of the abutments fixed against angular movement
under flexure of the elastic frame. Since the exact degree of restraint
furnished by the footings is questionable and frequently of negli
gible value, it is generally sufficiently accurate as well as on the side
of safety to neglect any restraint afforded by the footings in the
stress analysis. Thus a frame of single span may be assumed as
“ hinged ” at the approximate center of the abutment bases. After
the stresses have been determined, simply supplementary computa
tions may be made to include the approximate restraining effect due
to the footing reactions shifting to an eccentric position .
1 E. J.in Budge,
assisted associate highway bridge engineer, checked the computations and
their arrangement .
1
2 MISC. PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

GENERAL NOTES
FOR THE NOMENCLATURE AND THE DEVELOPEMENT OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORMULAS USED
IN THIS RIGID FRAME ANALYSIS , REFERENCE IS MADE TO THE ARTICLE
ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE
ARCHES ," BY W. P. LINTON AND C.D. GEISLER , REPRINTED FROM PUBLIC ROADS VOL . 8, NOS . 4
AND 5 JUNE AND JULY, 1927 AND OBTAINABLE FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS,GOVERN :
MENT PRINTING OFFICE , WASHINGTON, D.G. FOR 10 CENTS PER COPY. THE FORMULAS USED IN
THE FOLLOWING ANALYSIS , TOGETHER WITH THEIR GENERAL APPLICATION AND THE METHOD
OF DIVIDING UP THE AXIS OF THE FRAME , CONFORM WITH THE ABOVE TREATISE ON ARCHES
EXCEPT AS NECESSARILY MODIFIED TO SUIT THE PARTICULAR SHAPE OF THE RIGID FRAME
AND TO FULFILL THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE FRAME IS HINGED AT THE CENTER OF THE
ABUTMENT FOOTINGS .

THE DERIVATION OF THE FINAL FORMULAS IS GIVEN AS FOLLOWS :

ds
dx

Ho AА. Ho

Vo 1
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE 3

SYMMETRICAL TWO- HINGED RIGID FRAME

IN RIGID FRAME ANALYSIS , ASSUMPTION IS MADE THAT THE TOTAL SPAN

LENGTH BETWEEN A AND B REMAINS CONSTANT. IN THE FOLLOWING TREATISE
THE FOOTINGS OF THE FRAME ARE ALSO REGARDED AS FREE TO ROTATE OR
" HINGED " AT THEIR CENTERS A AND B.

FOR M = BENDING ENT AT AN PO IN THE FRAME ;

B
(1) - {A MY A + etl E = 0; =
IN WHICH
ds
I
e = COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION DUE TO A CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE
t - THE NUMBER OF DEGREES FAHR . OF RISE OR FALL OF TEMPERATURE
E - YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF MATERIAL
I = MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A RADIAL SECTION OF THE FRAME

FOR A VERTICAL LOAD OF UNITY AT POINT Q ,

xa
(2 ) . -M = V X - Hoy - (x - 2 )xya
THEN My A = Voxy A - Hoy ?1- (2-0 ) YA
B
AND ( 3) ΣMy
А
{xys
ALSO , FOR A VERTICAL LOAD OF UNITY AT POINT Q ,
Z -a
-VO AND (5) V, - (
SUBSTITUTING IN EQUATION (3) THE ABOVE VALUE FOR Vo.
AND SIMPLIFYING , EQUATION (3 ) MAY TAKE THE FOLLOWING FORM ,
6) : Ho
SOLVING EQUATIONS (' ) AND (5) FOR Ho,

( 7 ) -- Ho
gya -fía-x)yatette
y ?24 .

EQUATION (2) MAY BE WRITTEN AS TWO EQUATIONS , ONE FOR

x < a AND ONE FOR xa
4 MISC . PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

FOR X( a ; M = Vox - Hoy

AND FOR x >a i M = Vox - Hoy - (X- a)
THE LATTER EQUATION MAY BE SIMPLIFIED AS FOLLOWS :

M1 = 2 1-7 ) -Hoy
WE THEN HAVE

M = Vox - Hoy - ( FOR X ( a)

(8 )
M - a (1- ) - Ho y .........(FOR x)a)
IF THE SPAN Z IS DIVIDED INTO 10 EQUAL PARTS EACH EQUAL TO dx ,
WE MAY LET
dx . dx . dx
x = 2.
dx ; a = h. dx;; AND
2 2
2
da
= 20 .
2

MAKING THESE SUBSTITUTIONS IN EQUATIONS (4 ), ( 7 ) ANO ( 8 ) , WE HAVE

20 - K
(9) --- V . 20

(10) --HO -
6.4. ya- (K-2)YA +10et E
dx Eyco
.

(11)
M = V zax -HY FOR Z (K

M Sax - Hoy........ FOR Z ) K

FOR TEMPERATURE

(12 )----- M4= HRY

 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID -FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE 5

IF WE LET
уд REPRESENT THE INTENSITY OF AN "ELASTIC" LOAD, AND ASSUME THE DX
dx
LENGTH OF THIS LOAD TO BE CONCENTRATED AT THE CENTER OF THE Dx DIVISION , THE
ELASTIC SHEAR AT THE IMMEDIATE LEFT OF ANY POINT X WILL BE THE SUMMATION OF ALL
ELASTIC LOADS ON THE LEFT OF POINT X , OR
X -1 YA . dx
Σ
dx

THE ELASTIC CANTILEVER MOMENT AT POINT X WILL BE THE SUMMATION OF THE

ELASTIC SHEARS ON THE LEFT OF POINT X , OR

х X- 1
Σ Σ ya . dx.dx
dx

AT POINT THE ELASTIC MOMENT WILL BE

SNO

X-1 ye .
two

dx.dx
dx

THIS ELASTIC MOMENT AT POINT a MAY ALSO BE WRITTEN IN THE FORM :

@ (K-z)cam,mn.dx
WE THEN MAY EQUATE ;

(4-2)( dx = A.dx.dx
OR
¿ ( -2)ya = SYA
MAKING THIS SUBSTITUTION IN FORMULA ( 10 ) , THE LATTER BECOMES;
o'
( 13 )
ki Σ JΔ - Σ Σ / Δ +Io etE
-Ho
we

YA
da Ey
6 MISC . PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE

W = UNIT WEIGHT OF AN EQUIV -

ALENT FLUID

= RISE OF FRAME AT CROWN

h, ус
yo
S : SURCHARGE
z HA HB

wh , IA whe
NIN
NIN

THE ROADWAY GRADE OVER THE STRUCTURE IS SYMMETRICAL SO THE FRAME

WILL BE ANALYZED FOR BALANCED EARTH PRESSURES AT EACH ENO , ASSUMING
THAT THE BACK - FILL IS PLACED SYMMETRICALLY BEHIND THE ABUTMENTS .

INASMUCH AS THE BACK - FILL WILL TEND TO PUSH THE ABUTMENTS INWARD ,
HA AND HB WILL ACT OUTWARD AND WILL BE GIVEN A - SIGN .

FOR BALANCED PRESSURES , HA = HQ , AND AT ANY POINT V = 0 .

IF M = MOMENT AT ANY POINT,

( 14 ) M : -HAY- & why2 + á wy3

THEN MYA : -HAY why's +awy 4A AND
( 15 )
FMYA = - fyes -jwjy's own's
BUT, WE HAVE FROM EQUATION ( ! ) ,
B

E. MY A = 0
А.

SOLVING FOR HA ,

¿ { ( -šyby's
Blny

( 16 ) НА B 2
2Σ 4 Δ
A

AT ANY POINT, Y ;

( 17 ) H = HA +wy ( h , -Ź y ) AND ( 18 ! M = 3 [ -Ha- wych, - ; 4 ) ]

2
M = (MAX .) WHEN V = - (ht 2 HajŻ
3
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE 7

ANALYSIS OF THE WELLINGTON RIGID FRAME

ALTHOUGH THE WELLINGTON RIGID FRAME IS FACED WITH STONE , THE ANALY- '
SIS OF ONLY THE INTERIOR STRUCTURAL FRAME IS CONSIDERED HERE .

THE SPAN AND VERTICAL CLEARANCES ARE SHOWN IN THE ACCOMPANYING

SKETCH . THE FRAME IS DESIGNED FOR A WEIGHT OF EARTH FILL OF 110 LBS .
PER CUBIC FOOT AND FOR FUTURE 8 - INCH PAVEMENT AT 100 POUNDS PER
SQUARE FOOT . THE LIVE LOAD IS TO BE EITHER A UNIFORM LOAD OF 125
POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT OR THE A. A.S.H.O. H - 15 -TON TRUCK CONCEN –
TRATED LOADING . THE LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AGAINST THE ABUTMENTS
IS ASSUMED AS THAT OF AN EQUIVALENT FLUID WEIGHING 35 POUNDS PER
CUBIC FOOT . THE FRAME WILL ALSO BE ANALYZED FOR A TEMPERATURE
VARIATION OF + 25 DEGREES AND – 35 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT .

ONE- HALF OF THE COMPLETE FRAME INCLUDING ABUTMENTS AND FOOT

INGS , IS PLOTTED ON DETAIL PAPER TO A SCALE OF 1 INCH TO 4 FEET .
THROUGH THE CENTER OF THE ABUTMENT FOOTING , WHICH IS THE LOCATION
OF THE ASSUMED HINGE OF THE TWO - HINGED " FRAME , A VERTICAL LINE IS
ORAWN EXTENDING UPWARD TO APPROXIMATELY THE TOP OF THE ABUTMENT OR
VERTICAL LEG OF THE FRAME . THIS VERTICAL LINE IS THE AXIS OF THE VERTICAL
LEG . NEXT, ORAW THE AXIS OF THE CURVED RIB , WHICH IS A CURVE LYING HALF
WAY BETWEEN THE EXTRADOS AND INTRADOS, INTERSECTING THE AXIS OF THE
VERTICAL LEG . DRAW A HORIZONTAL LINE FROM THE " HINGE POINT "AT THE BASE
OF THE FOOTING TO THE CENTER OF THE SPAN , ANO DIVIDE THIS HORIZONTAL
LINE INTO 5 EQUAL PARTS . THE LENGTH OF EACH PART WILL BE EQUAL TO dx.
AT THE CENTER OF EACH X ERECT A PERPENDICULAR TO INTERSECT THE AXIS
OF THE CURVED RIB , AND MARK THESE INTERSECTIONS 1,2,3,4 , AND 5. THE
POINT OF INTERSECTION OF THE AXIS OF THE CURVED RIB AND VERTICAL AXIS OF
THE ABUTMENT LEG WILL BE MARKED 0, AND THE POINT OF ASSUMED HINGE
AT THE LEFT ABUTMENT FOOTING MARKEO A. THE CORRESPONDING HINGE POINT
AT THE RIGHT ABUTMENT FOOTING WILL BE INDICATED AS B IN THE FORMULAS .
THE VERTICAL AXIS 0 - A OF THE ABUTMENT IS THEN ARBITRARILY DIVIDED INTO
TWO EQUAL PARTS AND THE CENTER OF EACH OF THESE PARTS , BEGINNING AT THE
TOP OF THE ABUTMENT LEG , WILL BE MARKED 0, AND 02 .
THE DIMENSIONS AND ORDINATES OF THE CURVED RIB AND VERTICAL LEG OF
THE FRAME AT THE ABOVE POINTS ARE THEN TABULATED , AND THE PROGEDURE OF
ANALYSIS FROM HERE ON FOLLOWS IN A GENERAL WAY SIMILAR TO THAT
GIVEN IN THE TREATISE ON THE ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE ARCHES
72825—34--2
 8

F8"UTURE
PAVEMENT CENTERS
1;IB2ARS
@

VTAV INY
CLEAR
YAWAVYTAYOUTVIAVIMYA 2
EARTH
FILL w ti

|BENTERS
6C
@ ARS IBARS
@
'6C ENTERS

"O
CENTERS
5.8 "
LR @1| 2ARS
B
A0
.3
2
C
2LEAR

Valaran
RAD
CRE
CONIUS

NE
"C2LEAR

LI
TE

N
RESTE
51

IO
CT
A
18-6

I-N6T2

GROANDCIU 86E-X4TRA
RAD
CB@ ARS
6I ENTERS

0. L. RE
SYMMETRICAL ABOUT & OF SPAN7

OS

DOS
24-9

D.
,FTO
SPAN
GLEAR
OF
FACE
=4ACE
"CONCRETE
7-0

I BARS @ 12 CENTERS
XAYVAVA
-tat
2-3 -2-3
+

3-0"
il
16
7-0
ร์ í

CENTERS
@1'IB2ARS
MISC . PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

SK
OF ET
FR AMCH
E

-
 TABLE
1
4 1
3
5
726 8 10 12 14
16
17
13 15
18
19
20
I.ds
h.ds
150h.ds
HPT xn
f,dPAVE
. of 21
Is
D.L.
chyzdy
ya
hem
ho
Krzdil =A
ya
1/h3
2 /I
ds
IctIs Y
уд
2.537.00
02
| 7.70
12655 1.07
1.27
16.191.35 1.71
0.36
1.15
3.50
14.31
50.084.09
0,3.187.00
22.25
3340
3.40 32.16
1.39
1.59
2.68 0.60
3.28
10.50
2.14
22.47
235.
1.93 94
3.26
5.30
17.27
1 590
2.80
)21525
495 34.65
4610 14.97
1.63
2.89
1.43 3.53
0.64
2.04
22.451.50
336. 08
2.45
5.15
12.62
1890
1.85
2
1010
495 3395
1.22
14.70
1.23
1.03 1.55
0.33
1.06
16.63
3.32
918.
55.2114
1.885.05
9.50
3
1425
1.20
655 495 0.55
6.65
0.94
0.74
2575 7.02
0.17
0.55
125.1
17.82
2229
0.72.280
1 .50
5.00
7.50
1125
0.75
4410
495 2030
3.38
0.28
0.75
0.55 13.52
0.09
0.30
4702.
252.
0.37 1518.65
60
1 .28 .36
4.976
5
953 0.55 300
495 2.10
0.17
0.64
0.44
1748 |10.19
21.60
0.23
0.06
411.
7822.
9.0305
28
16294.40
SPAN EL
4= 9.50 1
=19.125
RISE 1 4=dx
.95 zZ x
2=Źd.475

rui
DMD0
10

REINFORCEMENT C
@
ANDARS
6|BENTERS
CENTERS
12
SHOWN
AS
As 3xl
=0.0208
(nIs
C*=0-d')2Ag .312
15OL.14 Kaya -1Xa
144 y
' o Σ
J
ΣΔ
Ho 0 COL
2
. 7
11

TABLE Ch
2
Cn

21 22 23 24 25 28
27
.
PT
z
YA
X-7
YA Xa
-1
E
YA Kağ
YA .26
COL
.AB
2caxi
Gà0oL
OR Σ Но
k 0
COL
.25

ISlowo
1 1 22.45 0 0 432.98
1.0657
2 3 55.21 22.45 22.45 1298.94
1276.49
.1939 583.6
6294.40
16x=Cha
3 5 125.10 77.66 100.11 2064.79
2164.90
.3136 4.95
4 7 252.15 76
202. 302.87 3030.86
27.99
27
1.4144
9 411.05 454.91 757.78 3896.82
3139.04
1.4768 2x*110
- ,000,000
Ec
et44
04.000006 17,280.t
865.96 757.78 1183.21
не
10824.50
9641.29
11.4644 Ch Ch
=
Yo 432.98
ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

yors CHECK
FOR
: C OL.27
OL
.-E=[OL.26
2 5 F
°2
+5 Нt
+
65
.LBS
OL
CC2E-.= 7OL.28
h t
=
FOR
0
3
F-° 5 9
LBS
.- 2
co
 10

3
TABLE
30
29 31 32 33 34
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
dx .51
Pt dx DEAD LOAD
Pt.3 =1Z2.375 Z 2=4.75
2 2
PT
.l
kVo Ho Y
=17.82 1Y
= 9.125 D.L.
=
z
5
=1PX
kod -dx
(-.8562 =1.8562
=10
Z
1)Idx1-20 1=.2375 vo
M3
HO 5Mt
2
20
mx Hoy
M3 mx Hoy M5 .
LBS F
.LLBS BS
T
BS L BS
.FT
10.950
.0657
1 1.856 1.170
0
+ .686 1.
238 1.257 -0.019 4379
+3162
4610
302.9 .0 87.6
0.850
.1939
23 5.568 3.455
+2.113 3.712 708
3. +0.004 3395
173.6
658.3
7+2886 + 13.6
.3136
0
53.750 9.281 .693
3+5.588 6.187 5.998 +0.189 509.5
807.5
1931
+92575 4+ 86.7
.4144
0.650
417 8.044 7.385
0+.659 62
8.6 7.925 +0.737 1320
2030 841.2
+1337.8 +1496.1
.4768
0.550 6.806
59 8.497
-1.691 11.137 9.119 +2.018 833.4
1748
-
2961 955.9 +527.5
3
MISC . PUBLICATION

.4768 50
5'10.45.569 8.497
-2.928 11.137 9.119 2
+ .018 -787
1748 118.1
5833.4 3+ 527.5
.4144
0.350 4.331
4'13 -3.054
7.385 8.662 7.925 +0.737 841.2
30
20710
6199.6 +1496.1
.3136
3'115
0.250 3.094 -2.494
5.588 6.187 5.998 +0.189 6422.1
644
807.5
2575 4+ 86.7
2017
10.150
.1939 1.856 3.455
-1.599 3.712 3.708 +0.004 5428.6
509
658.3
3395 + 13.6
190.05
.0657 00.619 1.170
,
-0.551 1.238 1.257 -0.019 4610 231 40.1
-25
302.9 87.6
2.9288
5.000 +7.151 +5.896 -
7,481.5
28,716
6,886.6
14,358 +10,872.6
-12.317 -0.038
k-20
Vo
20

D.L.
For
184 , U.S. DEPT . OF

--Hyo
MO x1496,412
L=-6886.6
.FT
BS
L+.FT BS00353
9-:{=).14.0
0(€M85
LFT
9BS
.=+1x35º 290
24.0
k(z-1o dx
KIZ
FOR =-Hè
+
:3 (3)=Mť
{+5 °–67.82
L-.FT=x125 51160
BS
2 35º
==+92
17.82
x L=1,640
+.FT BS
=
mx
Vozat FOR
)
z6
2 :={)( ķ
5Mt 1°=+2-6x.FT BS
5,240
L-19.525
1x9=+.FT 25
9.125
BS
L°-3,760
AGRICULTURE

H-Mxx
=moy
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID- FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE
11

MAXIMUM LIVE LOAD MOMENTS

WITH COR RESPONDING THRUSTS AND SHEARS
CASE 1 UNIFORM LIVE LOAD OF 125 LBS . PER SQ.FT.
LIVE LOAD PER LOAD POINT = 125 x 4.95 = 618 LBS .

POINT ( 0 ) :
H = 618 * 2.929
1,810 LBS .
- M = 618 x 2.929 x 14
- 25,340 FT . LBS .
И = 618 X 5
3,090 LBS .

POINT ( 3 ) :
-M = 618 x 12.317 = -7,613 FT. LBS .
H = 618 * 1.941
1,200 LBS .
V = 618 * 1.80 1,110 LBS .

+ M = 618 * 7.151
= +4,419 FT. LBS.
H = 618 x 0.988 611 LBS .
v = 618 x ( 3.2-2.5 )
432 LBS .

POINT ( 5 ) :
+ M = 618 * 5.896 = + 3,644 FT. LBS .
Н. - 618 x 2.797
1,728 LBS .
v = 618 x 0
= 0 LBS .

-M = 618 x 0.038 3-23 FT. LBS .

H = 618 * 0.1314 81 LBS .
V = 618 * O 0 LBS .

CASE 2

CONCENTRATED LIVE LOAD . A. A.S.H.O. 15 - TON TRUCK WITH 30 0/0

IMPACT ( LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF EACH WHEEL = 4.5 FEET )

POINT ( O ) :
H = ( 12000 x 488 + 3000 4.254 ) x 1.3 - 4.5 =
= 3467 * .488 + 867 4.254 = 1,910 LBS .
M = -1910 x 14 = -26,740 FT . LBS .
V = ( 3467 * .50 + 867 x.20) 1910 LBS .
V ( MAX .) - (3467 1.0 + 867 Ⓡ.7) - 4,080 LBS .
12 MISC . PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

LIVE LOAD MOMENTS,THRUSTS ,AND SHEARS

CASE 2 CONTINUED

POINT ( 3 ) :
+ M = 3467 x 3.693 +
867 0 + 12,800 FT. LBS
H = 3467 X 314 + 867 x 0 1,090 LBS .
V = 3467 * 0.75 + 867 x 0 - 2,600 LBS .

-M = 3467 * 3.054 + 867 X.551 -11,070 FT . LBS .

Н. 3467 x .414 + 867 4.0657 1,490 LBS .
V = 3467 x 0.35 + 867 * .050 1,260 LBS.

POINT ( 5 ):
3.00
3.00
3 ATES

2.75
-10 CM
LO 2.50
ORDIN

O
FOR
5+M

1.75
FOR
HO
ORDINATES

1.50
1.25 .500
488
. 475

75 .4 SO

50 .425

25
Hol .400

0
1 2 3 4 5 5 4 2

LOAD POINT

3467 3.00 + 867 x 12 +10,500 FT. LBS .

H = 3467 x 0.488 + 867 X.254 = 1,910 LBS .
V = 3467 x 0.50 + 867 x .20 1,910 LBS .

-M = 3467 .019 + 867 x 0 -66 FT . LBS .

H : 3467 .0657 + 867 x 0 230 LBS .

V : 3467 x .050 + 867 x 0 170 LBS .
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID - FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BPIDGE

HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE

HA=Hg = - Q x
( ,-Ś3)431
8
х
E COL.48
2 E COL. 20
EY ZA

H= Ha +wy(na )
AT ANY POINTM =
V= 0
y[ -Ha-W4( ,-1)]
MMAX. WHEN Y = h,- (7,2+ 2Haj
TABLE 4
44 45 46 47 48
W = 35 LBS . PER CU . FT.
330 ( 2,
021 1.17 20.83 175 . 3,645 .
0 , 3.50 18.50 2,477 . 45,825 . h; = 22.0 FT.
14.99 17.01 5,030 . 85,560. FOR M MAX.; -
2 5.54 16.46 15,269. 251,328

NI
3 5.94 16.06 39,726 . 638,000 .
46.22 15.78 87,703 . 1,383,953 . 18 = 22.0 - (22?- 2* 5090)
5 6.34 15.66 148,858 . 2,331,116 .
= 22.0 -13.9 = 8.1 FT.
4,739,427.
że =
35 4739,427.
HA Lesen
2
Х
16,294.40 5,090

AT POINT O ;
H =
-5,090 + 35 x 14 ( 22 - 141 )) = + 2,260 LBS .

M =14 [5090 - 557,14 x ( 22 - "*)] = + 11800 FT. LBS.

AT POINT 3 ; Ha 17.82 ) + 3,080 LBS .
- 5,090 + 35 * 17.82 ( 22 - 2
35 x 17.82
M = 17.82[ 5,090 * 16.06] == + 1,460 FT. LBS .
2

AT POINT 53 , H = – 5090 + 35 * 19.125 * ( 22 - 19,125)= + 3,240 LBS..

2

M = 19.125 ( 5,090 - 35 x 19.125 x ( 22 – 19.125,1 --2680 FT. L'

3

MMAX . = 8.1' [ 5090

5090 - 35 2 8.1 x ( 22 -8 ')] = +19,070 FT. LBS.
 1

TABLE
-5
14

49 50
51 54
53
52
56
55 57
-MOMENT + OMENT
M UNIT
MAXIMUM
STRESSES
МM
H. V M H CONSIDER
IN
STEEL
TENSION
FACE
ONLY
+6887
86,412
-96,412
+6,887
14,358
14,358
D.L. HOOL
AND
JOHNSON'S
HANDBOOK
IAGRAM
AGE
DPFROM
,405

ထ
+1910
-26
L.L.
,71910
040 0 124,062
h
M )-'eñ d

ဝ
'
e 8=.75
+1.55

O
HOR.EARTH +2,260
+11,800
0 t
N ,260
17

= .641
= .772
-910
++65
T.1,290
0
-92 ' .75
8e 2.0

ö
TOTAL
-124,062
+8,862
16,268 d3.4 2=P.57 .: 0041

PT. O.
x|144
3.4
6Hicos
.°= ,840 Hi
COS
• x12
*8.75
17,260
K

COS
SIN
$=1V.S
SIN
V. =0,4IN
20 9
= 0.8
44
1x*312.4
1
=N7,260 N 1cN6,300 Q80
.I*/S=5f.fs
D.L.
+6,887
-7,482
+6,887
5,065
5,065 CONSIDER
STEEL
BOTH
IN
BOTTOM
AND
TOP
+1,490
-11,070
L.L.
+12,800
1,260
+1,090
2,600 HOOL
FROM
AND
IAGRAMS
PDJOHNSON'S
,,HANDBOOK
AGES
399-402
HOR.EARTH +1,460
+3,080
0 .05
2-Xo
xo1M9,712 2=.05 =1.09
+1,640
0T
65
-92
-1,160
0 + 9,560 t1.88
TOTAL
+8,4426,325
1-19,712
+10,9657,665
+8,418 0ď.2 =.
K33

= .980
2.0

= .204
1*t.88 =0.106 =
Po .0074
Hic 1.88x1x144 .L=118

PT. 3
8=0 ,270os Hicos
- 19,712
fc 1*2 NQ
.I.s/*330
S
2V IN
1,=090 SIN
0=V. 2?12
Ⓡ22.
.118
.5 5

COS
SIN
9:N,560 fsx=13530 1.68 S8/* ,450
1)=Q.IN
33
(7.88
*.
+10,873
+6887
D.L. +6,887
+10,8730 CONSIDER
STEEL
TOP
BOTH
IN
BOTTOM
AND
66
2
+L.L.
30 170 +1910
+10,500 1910 HOOL
FROM
,AND
IAGRAMS
PDJOHNSON'S
,HANDBOOK
AGES
399-402
HOR.EARTH
+3,240
-2,680 0 23,133
M. 2.66
X oÑ =2Xo
:66 2.13
--
+
-1,240
T.
65 0 +1,760 -92 0 8,705 1t
.25
TOTAL +23,133 .'.d02 4.0 .=k38
+
8,705 1910 0=?.16 =.0222
E1.25 44
x11.25 .L:179
Hic os
8=0,705 *12
23,13 3
fc S.I/ Q
:5N75

PT . 512
V.
0:0SIN 5
.1*12
5179

COS 0 = 1.0
SIN 0 = 0
5ts 1.05 NQ
I1.*/S)=0,400
8,705 =1*5x75
1.25
*38
MISC . PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

N
cSH
=+V os
$ØIN
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID - FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE
15

FOUNDATION SOIL PRESSURES

VERTICAL LOADS :
AD
, AD

VERTICAL REACTION AT POINT O

DE
LO

= 14360 LBS
WEIGHT OF CONCRETE IN ABUTMENT LEG = 26.55 + 3340
: 5995 LBS
ADDITIONAL WEIGHT OF CONCRETE IN FOOTING = 2.25 * 3.0 x 2 * 150
- 2025 LBS
EARTH ABOVE ABUTMENT AND FOOTING - |!
PAVEMENT ABOVE [(2.25+1.25) 2 + 3.5 * 4.5] x110 = 3850 LBS .
" : 3.5 x 100 350 LBS
TOTAL D.L VERTICAL REACTION
26,5 80 LBS
LIVE LOAD ( UNIFORM LOAD ) = 125 x ( 24.75 + 3.50 )+
3530 LBS
TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD
30,110 LBS

AVERAGE VERTICAL SOIL PRESSURE 30.110

7 x 2000 = 2.2 TONS PER SQ.FT.

HORIZONTAL THRUSTS

( HORIZONTAI. PRESSURE OF BACKFILL NEGLECTED )

Ho FOR DEAD LOAD . . = 6,8 87 LBS
Ho FOR UNIFORM LIVE LOAD = 1810 LBS
+H FOR TEMPERATURE 65 LBS .

TOTAL HORIZONTAL THRUST 8762 LBS .

HORIZONTAL SOIL PRESSURE AT REAR FACE OF FOOTING :

-
8762
3 x 2000 = 1.45 TONS PER SQ FT. , NEGLECTING RESISTANCE TO SLIDING

THE ABOVE SOIL PRESSURES ARE CONSIDERED SATISFACTORY FOR THE SHALE ROCK FOUNDATION
UNDER THIS STRUCTURE .

A FOUNDATION SOIL OF YIELDING CHARACTER WOULD PROBABLY HAVE REQUIRED THE PLACING
OF TIES BETWEEN THE FOOTINGS, AS A SLIGHT OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE ABUTMENTS IN A RIGID
FRAME OF THIS TYPE WILL PRODUCE A MARKED INCREASE IN THE STRESSES AT THE CROWN . IN THE
ABOVE STRUCTURE, AN INCREASE IN SPAN LENGTH OF { AN INCH WOULD INTRODUCE STRESSES
THROUGHOUT THE FRAME EQUIVALENT TO A DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE OF :
1

zx -

0.000006 * 49.5 140 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

16 MISC . PUBLICATION 184 , U.S. DEPT . OF AGRICULTURE

MAXIMUM STRESSES IN FOOTING

FOR DETERMINATION OF MAXIMUM STRESSES AT THE ABUTMENT FOOTING , ASSUMPTION

IS MADE THAT THE REACTION LINE WILL PASS 10 " INSIDE THE REAR EDGE OF THE FOOT.
ING . THIS IS A REASONABLE ASSUMPTION , AND WILL REPRESENT THE CONDITION OF THE
FOOTING WHEN IT TENDS TO ROTATE ABOUT THE ASSUMED POINT OF HINGE.(THE FOOTING
WILL TEND TO ROTATE OUTWARD ABOUT POINT "A"WHEN THRUST HIS POSITIVE)

23,870
* 090
3,

| BARS @ 12 CENTERS

H = 8,762 *
A M

e = 2'- 6 "
= 0,110
*3VA

-7'- 0 "

MOMENT ACROSS BASE OF ABUTMENT STEM AT TOP OF FOOTING : -

M = (30,110 - 3,090) * 2.5 - 8,762 * 3.0 = 41,260 FT. LBS .

N = 23,870 LBS .
2.0 41.260 Xo 1.73
Po 2.5 x 144 = .0056 Xo = 1.73 = 0.69
23,870 t 2.5

d' 0,2 = 0.08 K = .37 L = .106

t 2.5

fo 41 , 260 x 12
- 433 LBS . PER SQ. IN
12 x 30 x 30 x.106
2.3
ts = 15 433 (2.5 * .37 -1 ) = 9,700 LBS PER SQ.IN.
8762
UNIT SHEAR ; = 30 LBS . PER SQ . IN .
27.5 x 12 x .875

MOMENT IN VERTICAL SECTION OF FOOTING AT EDGE OF ABUTMENT STEM :

1.0
M : 27,020 1.25 -8,762 x 1.5 = 20,640 FT. LBS N = 8762 LBS . P : 30 x 12 = .0028
e' 20,640
' + 1.0 = 3.36
e ' 3.36 8762 x 3.36 * 12 = 32.7
-1 35 K:
8762 2.50
12 * 2.5 25 * 144

fs = 5,000 LBS . PER SO IN . fc = 200LBS . PER SO.IN

27,018
UNIT SHEAR : 86 LBS . PER SO.IN.
30 x 12 * .875

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 19 33

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price 5 cents