Analysis of a rigid frame concrete arch bridge / [by C.D. Geisler].

Geisler, C. D. (Carlyle Dressler), 1892-

Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1934.

http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x030353845

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ANALYSIS OF A RIGID FRAME
CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 184

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 1934

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA LIBRARY

 Girl
JAN 8 '3C.
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME
CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE
By C. D. Geisler, Highway Bridge Engineer, Division of Design, Bureau of
Public Roads 1

The rigid-frame bridge is a type of curved beam or arch struc

ture in which both horizontal and vertical reactions occur undei
vertical loading. Unless the frame is three-hinged, requiring a
hinge at the crown, it is statically indeterminate.
For a true arch, analysis is made of an elastic rib sprung between
rock or massive gravity abutments which are practically free from
elastic deformation, and remain immovable under the reactions of
the arch rib. In the rigid frame the abutments are relatively slender
and flexible and approximately of the same general thickness as the
rib spanning the abutments and therefore must be considered as
integral parts of the elastic structure. Inasmuch as the interior face
of the rigid frame is shaped to provide desired clearances and pro
portions of opening, the neutral ax;s of the entire rib usually will not
conform to the curve of the equilibrium polygon or reaction line
closely as in the case of the true arch. Consequently high bending
moments will occur, requiring an adequate investigation of the bend
ing and shearing stresses.
In accordance with the procedure of arch design, the dimensions
of the entire rigid frame rib are first assumed, and the stresses com
puted on the basis of the elastic properties of the structure. The rib
is then revised where required to reduce the stresses, and if neces
sary the frame is again analyzed.
The abutments of a rigid-frame structure are usually set on light,
spread footings of sufficient width to keep the foundation pressure
within safe limits, but generally insufficient in size or mass to hold
the lower ends of the abutments fixed against angular movement
under flexure of the elastic frame. Since the exact degree of restraint
furnished by the footings is questionable and frequently of negli
gible value, it is generally sufficiently accurate as well as on the side
of safety to neglect any restraint afforded by the footings in the
stress analysis. Thus a frame of single span may be assumed as
" "
hinged at the approximate center of the abutment bases. After
the stresses have been determined, simply supplementary computa
tions may be made to include the approximate restraining effect due
to the footing reactions shifting to an eccentric position.
1 E. J. Budge, associate highway bridge engineer, computations
cheeked the and
assisted in their arrangement.
1
 MISC. PUBLICATION 184, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

6ENERAL NOTES

FOR THE NOMENCLATURE AND THE DEVELOPEMENT OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORMULAS USED
"
IN THIS RIGID FRAME ANALYSIS, REFERENCE IS MADE TO THE ARTICLE ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE
ARCHES," BY W. P. LINTON AND C.D.GEISLER, REPRINTEO FROM PUBLIC ROADS VOL.8, NOS. 4
OF DOCUMENTS.GOVETRN -
AND 5 JUNE AND JULY, 1927 AND OBTAINABLE FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT
MENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. FOR 10 CENTS PER COPY. THE FORMULAS USED IN
THE FOLLOWING ANALYSIS, TOGETHER WITH THEIR GENERAL APPLICATION AND THE METHOD

OF DIVIDING UP THE AXIS OF THE FRAME, CONFORM WITH THE ABOVE TREATISE ON ARCHES
EXCEPT AS NECESSARILY MODIFIED TO SUIT THE PARTICULAR SHAPE OF THE RIGID FRAME
AND TO FULFILL THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE FRAME IS HINGED AT THE CENTER OF THE

ABUTMENT FOOTINGS.

THE DERIVATION OF THE FINAL FORMULAS ISGIVEN AS FOLLOWS^

 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

SYMMETRICAL TWO-HINGED RIGID FRAME

IN RIGID FRAME ANALYSIS, ASSUMPTION IS MADE THAT THE TOTAL SPAN

LENGTH BETWEEN A AND B REMAINS CONSTANT. IN THE FOLLOWING TREATISE
THE FOOTINGS OF THE FRAME ARE ALSO REGARDED AS FREE TO ROTATE OR
"HINGED" AT THEIR CENTERS A AND B.

FOR A/=BENDING MOMENT AT ANY POINT IN THE FRAME;

(1) I My&+etlE = 0;

IN WHICH
A = dS
I
e = COEFFIClENT OF EXPANSION DUE TO A CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE
t =THE NUMBER OF DEGREES FAHR.OF RISE OR FALL OF TEMPERATURE
E- YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF MATERIAL
/= MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A RADIAL SECTION OF THE FRAME

FOR A VERTICAL LOAD OF UNITY AT POINT a,

X>o
(2) M* Vox-H0y-(x-a)
x>a
then My A *
V0 xyA
- H0y2A
-
(x-a)yA
B B B B
and (3) z My A = V0 ixyA - H0 Zy2A - r (z-a)y&
ALSO. FOR A VERTICAL LOAD OF UNITY AT POINT a,

=
V,-f
l-f

(4) V0 AND (5)

SUBSTITUTING IN EQUATION (3) THE ABOVE VALUE FOR V0,

AND SIMPLIFYING, EQUATION (3) MAY TAKE THE FOLLOWING FORM,

= y* - !y2A - (a-x)
H0

(6)
A

My
a
y
f
f
I

SOLVING EQUATIONS(l) AND (5) FOR

H0
,
r 0'

- yA etlE
°Yy& z(a-x)
-----
+
f

-
2
H0

(7)
°B

,2*

EQUATION (2) MAY BE WRITTEN AS TWO EQUATIONS, ONE FOR

X<a AND ONE FOR X>a
 MISC. PUBLICATION 184, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

FOR X<a ; M =
V0X
- H0y

and for x>a ; M =

i/0x- H0y - (x-a)
THE LATTER EQUATION MAYBE SIMPLIFIED AS FOLLOWS:

M- a(\-^)-H0y
WE THEN HAVE

i
(M =
V0X -H0y -- f FOR x<aj
a(\- fj
(g\
\m=
1'
-H0 y (for x)a)

IF THE SPAN I 15 DIVIDED INTO 10 EQUAL PARTS EACM EQUAL TO

oL-X}
WE MAY LET

X=Z.^5
^
J a-k.^f;
W- /V.
£
J AND
MINU l
IS -— 20.^
CU.
^

MAKING THESE SUBSTITUTIONS IN EQUATIONS (4), (7) AND (8), WE HAVE

(9)—^ = £°-^

I
o o>
tc.\.-£ vA_i ?.(k-z)yc\±\oetE
0°>~"o= , s

00—
.M'ft(\-^) ^-H0y for zyu

FOR TEMPERATURE

(12)- Mi
= y
Ht
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE a

IF WE LET -5— REPRESENT THE INTENSITY Of AN ELASTIC LOAD, AND ASSUME THE I2A
ax. ,
LENGTH OF THIS LOAD TO BE CONCENTRATED AT THE CENTER OF THE dx
DIVISION, THE

ELASTIC SHEAR AT THE IMMEDIATE LEFT OF ANY POINT X WILL BE THE SUMMATION OF ALL

ELASTIC LOADS ON THE LEFT OF POINT X, OR

o ax

THE ELASTIC CANTILEVER MOMENT AT POINT X WILL BE THE SUMMATION OF THE.

ELASTIC SHEARS ON THE LEFT OF POINT X , OR

X-l zj/k
X
Z S 2- — dx-dx
o o dx

AT POINT THE ELASTIC MOMENT WILL BE

a x-i 2/A
2 s ^JL. dx-dx
o o ax

THIS ELASTIC MOMENT AT POINT a MAY ALSO BE WRITTEN IN THE FORM -

0 i- (ZX
WE THEN MAY EQUATE |

Z(k-zH&)%.dx
o & ctx -H^.dx-dx
o o dx

I «- , a x-i
2 0
y
0 0

MAKING THIS SUBSTITUTION IN FORMULA (lO), THE LATTER BECOMES;

0' a X-I
k- *t-2
tc-i-7 yA-E z i/A + \oet£
lMJ u _ 0 0 0
H0 =

I B 2
dx-%y A
 MISC. PUBLICATION 184, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE

OJ - UNIT WEIGHT OF AN EQUIV

ALENT FLUID

yc = RISE OF FRAME AT CROWN

0 = SURCHARGE

THE ROADWAY GRADE OVER THE STRUCTURE IS SYMMETRICAL SO THE FRAME

WILL BE ANALYZEO FOR BALANCED EARTH PRESSURES AT EACH END, ASSUMING
THAT THE BACK-FILL 15 PLACED SYMMETRICALLY BEHIND THE ABUTMENTS.

INASMUCH AS THE BACK-FILL WILL TEND TO PUSH THE ABUTMENTS INWARD,

HA AND HB WILL ACT OUTWARD AND WILL BE GIVEN A SIGN. -

FOR BALANCED PRESSURES, HA -Hg,MD AT ANY POINT 1/ = 0 .

IF M - MOMENT AT ANY POINT,

[14) M = - HA y - '- cohy 2

+ '- ai y 3

THEN My& = - - GjfyZ/^A + g COy *A AND

HA Z/EA

nc\ 8
- H.r.y^is-^-
, , B Ja , a
+z10uetj-
B 4
Os) zMyis =
d
cohzy
' A
a
A A A

BUT, WE HAVE FROM EQUATION (0,

Z My a = o
A
SOLVING FOR HA ,

kz{hr^y)y a
(16) HA 2

AT ANY POINT, y,

U7j H =
HA
+oy (h, -g y) and (is.) m - y[-HA
- j coy(h,- i y)J
M = ("max.; when j> = h - (hh l^)z
 ANALYSIS OF A EIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

ANALYSIS OF THE WELLINGTON RIGID FRAME

'
ALTHOUGH THE WELLINGTON RIGID FRAME IS FACED WITH STONE, THE ANALY-
SIS OF ONLY THE INTERIOR STRUCTURAL FRAME IS CONSIDERED HERE.

THE SPAN AND VERTICAL CLEARANCES ARE SHOWN IN THE ACCOMPANYING

SKETCH. THE FRAME IS DESIGNED FOR A WEIGHT OF EARTH FILL OF 110 LBS.
PER CUBIC FOOT ANO FOR FUTURE 8- INCH PAVEMENT AT 100 POUNOS PER
SQUARE FOOT. THE LIVE LOAD IS TO BE EITHER A UNIFORM LOAD OF 125
POUNDS PER SQUARE FOOT OR THE A. A.S.H.O. H-I5-T0N TRUCK CONCEN -
TRATEO LOADING. THE LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AGAINST THE ABUTMENTS
IS ASSUMED AS THAT OF AN EQUIVALENT FLUID WEIGHING 35 POUNDS PER
CUBIC FOOT. THE FRAME WILL ALSO BE ANALYZED FOR A TEMPERATURE
VARIATION OF + Z5 DEGREES AND - 35 DECREES FAHRENHEIT.

ONE-HALF OF THE GOMPLETC FRAME INCLUDING ABUTMENTS AND FOOT

INGS, IS PLOTTED ON DETAIL PAPER TO A SCALE OF I INCH TO 4 FEET.

THR0U6H CENTER OF THE ABUTMENT FOOTING, WHICH 1STHE LOCATION

THE
"
OF THE ASSUMEO HINGE OF THE TWO-HINGED" FRAME, A VERTICAL LINE IS
DRAWN EXTENDING UPWARD TO APPROXIMATELY THE TOP OF THE ABUTMENT OR

VERTICAL LEG OF THE FRAME. THIS VERTICAL LINE IS THE AXIS OF THE VERTICAL
LEG. NEXT, ORAW THE AXIS OF THE CURVED RIB, WHICH IS A CURVE LYING HALF
WAY BETWEEN THE EXTRADOS AND INTRADOS, INTERSECTING THE AXIS OF THE
"
VERTICAL LEG. DRAW A HORIZONTAL LINE FROM THE HINGE POINT "AT THE BASE
OF THE FOOTING TO THE CENTER OF THE SPAN, AND DIVIDE THIS HORIZONTAL
LINE INTO 5 EQUAL PARTS. THE LENGTH OF EACH PART WILL BE EQUAL TO dx.
AT THE CENTER OF EACH dx ERECT A PERPENOICULAR TO INTERSECT THE AXIS
OF THE CURVED RIB, AND MARK THESE INTERSECTIONS 1, 2,3,4, AND 5. THE
POINT OR INTERSECTION OF THE AXIS OF THE CURVED RIB AND VERTICAL AXIS OF
THE ABUTMENT LEG WILL BEMARKEO 0, AND THE POINT OF ASSUMED HINGE

AT THE LEFT ABUTMENT FOOTING MARKED /.THE CORRESPONDING HINGE POINT

AT THE RIGHT ABUTMENT FOOTING WILL BE INDICATED AS B IN THE FORMULAS.
THE VERTICAL AXIS 0-A OF THE ABUTMENT IS THEN ARBITRARILY DIVIDEO INTO
TWO EQUAL PARTS AND THE CENTER OF EACH OF THESE PARTS, BEGINNING AT THE

TOP OF THE ABUTMENT LEG, WILL BE MARKED 0, AND 0 z-

THE DIMENSIONS AND 0RD1NATES OF THE CURVED RIB ANO VERTICAL LEG OF
THE FRAME AT THE ABOVE POINTS ARE THEN TABULATED, AND THE PROCEOURE OF

ANALYSIS FROM HERE ON FOLLOWS IN A GENERAL WAY SIMILAR TO THAT

"
GIVEN IN THE TREATISE ON THE ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE ARCHES'.'

72825—34 2
MISC. PUBLICATION 18 4, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

10 LO
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 3
TABLE

1
35 36 37 39 42 43

41
|
31 32 34 38 40

|
29 30 33
DEAD LOAD

3
Z
Pt.

5^
Pt. = 24.75

^
2^=12.375

?/
= 19.125 , Cdx

k
D.L.

V0
PT. Mo = 1.8562

v
(l-*.)^?

Z
5
2
=

V0
20 H0 Ms
mx HoV M3 mx HoV LBS. LBS. LBS. FT. LBS. FT. LBS.
-

1.

\.
0.950 .0657 1.856 170 t0.686 238 1.257 -0.019 4610 4379 302.9 3162.0 87.6

3.
0.850 .1939 5.568 3.455 2.113 3.712 708 0.004 3395 2886 658.3 7173.6 13.6
0.750 .3136 9.281 5.588 3.693 6.187 5.998 0.189 2575 1931 807.5 9509.5
+ + + + 486.7

1 3 5 7
+ + +
0.650 .4144 8.044 7.385 0.659 8.662 7.925 0.737 2030 1320 841.2 1337.8 1496.1
+ + + +

0.550 .4768 6.806 8.497 -1.691 11.137 9.119 2.018 1748 961 833.4 - 2955.9 3527.5
t
1

9 II
9.119 2.018 833.4 - 5118.
0.450 .4768 5.569 8.497 -2.928 11.137 1748 787 3527.6
8.662 7.925 710 841.2 - 1496.1
0.350 .4144 4.331 7.385 -3.054 0.737 2030 6199.6

13
I 2 3 4 5 5' 4' 3'
15 0.250 .3136 3.094 5.588 -2.494 6.187 5.998 0.189 2575 644 807.5 - 6422.1 486.7
+ + +

+ + + + + + + +
0.150 .1939 1.856 3.455 -1.599 3.712 3.708 0.004 3395 509 658.3 - 5428.6 13.6
-

2' 1'
0.050 .0657 0.619 1.170 -0.551, 1.238 1.257 -0.019 4610 231 302.9 - 2540.1 87.6

17 19
-

+
+
+

5.000 2.9288 7.151 5.896 28,716 14,3. 6,686.6 7,481.5 10,872.6

-12.317 -0.038

V° 20

x
For D.L. =- 6886.6 FT. LBS.
-H0y0 14 =-96,412
f

+ 25°= - 65 14.O = - 910 FT. LBS.

M =
'0)
0

x x

nt 92 (4. = 1,290FT. LBS.

+•

{-35°=
0

.FOR = - 65 17.82= FT. LBS.

tC(Z -1,16
X x

Aft=- 92 17.82= +1,640 FT.LBS.

FOR k)z
\/0z (+ 25°= - 65 19.125 = -

^
1,240 FTLBS.
x x
+

\-35°= 92 19.125= 1,760FT.LBS.

Mx=mx-H0y
 OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE \\

MAXIMUM
LIVE LOAD MOMENTS
WITH CORRESPONDING
THRUSTS AND SHEARS
CASE 1 UNIFORM LIVE LOAD OF I 25 LBS.
PER SQ.FT.
LIVE LOAD PER LOAD POINT = * = (25 4.95 618 LBS.
POINT (0) - -

H - 618 x 2.9 29 = 1,810 LBS.

- /V = 618 -
x 2.929 x 14 = 25,340 FT. LBS
V - 618 x 5 = 3,090 LBS.

POINT (3 ) --
-M - 618 x 12.317 = -7,613 FT. LBS
H = 618 x 1.941 = 1,200 LBS.
V = 618 x
1.80 = 1,110 LBS.

*M r 618 x 7. 151 =
+4,4 19 FT. LBS.
H = 618 x
0.988 = 61 1 LBS.
V = 618 x
(3.2-2.5) = 432 LBS.

= 618
+M x 5.896 = + 3,644 FT LBS.
H = 618 x
2.797 =
1,728 LBS.
V = 618 x o = 0 LBS

-M = 618 x
0.038 = -23 FT. LBS,
H = 613 x o. 1314 = 81 LBS.
I/=6I8xq =
OLBS.

CASE 2

CONCENTRATED LIVE LOAO. A.A.S.H.O. 15-TON TRUCK WITH 30 <7°

IMPACT ( LATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF EACH WHEEL = 4.5 FEET)

POINT(O) :-

//=(l2000 x.488 + 3000 x .Z5U-) * 1.3 + 4.5 =

=
3467 x. 488 * 867 x. 254 = |, 910 LBS.

#■-1910x14 =-26,740 FT. LBS

V= (3467 *.50 * 867 x.20) = 1,910 L3S.
/(MAx.) =
(3467 x i.o + 867 <j) = 4,080 LBS.
 MISC. PUBLICATION 184, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

LIVE LOAD MOMENTSJHRUSTS, AND SHEARS

CASE Z CONTINUED

POINT (3) :-
+M - 3467 * 3. 693 + 867 * 0 = + 12, 800 FT. LBS

H - 3467 ' .314 + 867 * 0 = 1,090 LBS.

V - 3467 ' 0.75 + 867 * 0 = 2,600 LBS.

-M - 3467 * 3.054 * 867 *. 551 = -11,070 FT. LBS.

= LBS.
H = 3467 * .414 + 867 * .0657 1,490

V =
3467 * 0.3S + 867 '.050 = 1,260 LBS.

+tf
- 3467 * 3.00 + 867 * .12 = +10,500 FT. LBS.
=
// -. 3467 * 0.488 + 867 > .254 1,910 LBS.

V- 3467 * 0.50 + 867 * .20 = 1.910 LBS.

-M- 3467 * .019 + 867 * 0 -66 FT. LBS.

H - 3467 * .0657 + 867 * 0 230 LBS.

* LBS.
V r 3467 * .050 ♦ 867 0 170
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE

HORIZONTAL EARTH PRESSURE

2?^ A

AT ANY POINT
{

M MAX. WHEN y = h-r/lZ+

' 1 ' y)
2
CO

TABLE 4
44 45 46 47 48

Hv
= 35 LBS. PER CU.FT.
RT.
!* J/3A
0Z 1.17 20.83

7bt
175. 3,645. = 22.0 FT.
0, 3.50
1 4.99
18.50
17.01
2,477.
5,030.
45,825.
85,560. FOR /V MAX.; -
2 5.54 16.46 15,269. 251,328
3 5.9^ 16.06 39,726. 63B.000.
\V 22.0 -

*
4 6.22 15.78
(Z2Z- £^§822)
35
87,703. 1,383,953.
5 6.34 15.66 148,858. 2,331,1 16. = 22.0 - 13.9 = 8.1 FT.
I B
=r r- X* 4,739,427.

u -- -T 35
x
4739,427.
Te^t4o
= - 5-090

AT POINT = - 5,090 + 35 x 14. - LBS.

//

22 + 2260
^)

=
0
;

/V=
I4[5,090~35^-'-4 *( 22
-14/J
= + i1,800 FT. LBS.

AT POINT - 5,090 + 35 x 17.82(22 - = + 3,080 LBS

3
;

M= I7.62[5,090-5SJY^?- x 16.06 = + 1,460 FT. LBS.

J

*T POINT 5~, H=> - 5,090 +35 x 19.125 x 22 - = + 3,240 LBS.

iiL_pJ>)
(

*=I9.U5 -^'^ x(22 -15^5)] -2680 FT.

L

[5,090

/Vmax. = 6.1
g'- x = I?-070 FT- . LBS.
+

22
[509O- 3g.^
(
MISC. PUBLICATION 184, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

9I
en CO CXI
to II II
UJ

o £
COo HI
CNJ
ii
o «n
r»
*|esi w
t>J|—! M

S 5
U if)

0 = # NIS
0 I =* 903
2/,S id
 ANALYSIS OF A RIGID-FRAME CONCRETE AECH BRIDGE 15

FOUNDATION SOIL PRESSURES

VERTICAL LOADS : -
2 VERTICAL REACTION AT POINT 0 - 14360 LBS
S WEIGHT OF CONCRETE IN ABUTMENT LEG = 2655 +
3340 : 5995 LBS
5 AODITIONAL WEIGHT OF CONCRETE IN FOOTING = 2.25 «3 0>2*I50 : 2025 L8S
o EARTH ABOVE ABUTMENT
1 PAVEMENT ABOVE
AND FOOTING =
" 3.S x I0O
[(2.25
♦ 1.25) * j + 3.5 x
4.5] xllO = 3350 LBS.
= 350 LBS
TOTAL O.L VERTICAL REACTION = 26.380 LBS
LIVE LOAD ( UNIFORM = I 2 5 x ( 2Z,.75 + 3 50 )
LOAD) = 3530 LBS
TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD ' 30,110 LBS

AVERAGE VERTICAL-SOIL PRESSURE = - 7^^; * 2.2 TONS PER SQ. FT.

HORIZONTAL THRUSTS
( HORIZONTAL PRESSURE OF BACKFILL NEGLECTED )

H0 FOR OEAD LOAD = 6,8 87 LBS

H0 FOR UNIFORM LIVE LOAD = I 8 I 0 LBS

*H FOR TEMPERATURE 65 LBS.
TOTAL HORIZONTAL THRUST = 8762 LBS.

HORIZONTAL SOIL PRESSURE AT REAR FACE OF FOOTING >

= = 1-'*5 T0NS PER TO SLIDING

SIJ FT-, NEGLECTING RESISTANCE
3 »7;o20o

THE ABOVE SOIL PRESSURES ARE. CONSIDERED SATISFACTORY FOR THE SHALE ROCK FOUNDATION
UNDER THIS STRUCTURE.

A FOUNDATION SOIL OF YIELDING CHARACTER WOULD PROBABLY HAVE REQUIRED THE PLACING
:FTlES BETWEEN THE FOOTINGS, AS A SLIGHT OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE ABUTMENTS IN A RIGID
CROWN. IN THE
INCREASE IN THE STRESSES AT THE
FRAME OF THIS TYPE WILL PRODUCE A MARKED
ABOVE STRUCTURE, AN INCREASE IN SPAN LENGTH OF AN INCH WOULD INTRODUCE STRESSES
£
THROUGHOUTTHE FRAME EQUIVALENT TO A DECREASE IN
TEMPERATURE OF:

= 140 DEGREE5 FAHRENHEIT

0«00?^5
16 MISC. PUBLICATION 184, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

MAXIMUM STRESSES IN FOOTING

FOR DETERMINATION OF MAXIMUM STRESSES AT THE ABUTMENT FOOTING, ASSUMPTION

IS MADE THAT THE REACTION LINE WILL PASS l;Ov INSIDE THE REAR EDGE OF THE FOOT

ING. THIS IS A REASONABLE ASSUMPTION, AND WILL REPRESENT THE CONDITION OF THE

FOOTING WHEN IT TENDS TO ROTATE ABOUT THE ASSUMED POINT OF HINGE. (THE FOOTING

WILL TEND TO ROTATE OUTWARD ABOUT POINT "A' WHEN THRUST H IS POSITIVE)

MOMENT ACROSS BASE OF ABUTMENT STEM AT TOP OF FOOTING:-

M = (30,110 -3,090) x 2.5- 8,762 « 3.0-^1.260 FT. LBS.

M - 23,870 LBS.

2? = _3L= o 08 k - .37 L = ,io6

t 2.5

6-fz^Vn'*.n6°*»
\c * 30 x 30 x . 106
LBS. PER
~ LBS per sg IN
fs = 15 «433 * (fJTJf ') = 9,700

UNIT SHEAR : V =— 87^? — = 30 LBS. PER SO. IN.

Z1 -S x I d x . 87 5

MOMENT IN VERTICAL SECTION OF FOOTING AT EDGE OF ABUTMENT STEM :-

M- 27,020 x 1.25 - 8,762 « 1.5 = 20,640 FT. LBS /V = 8762 LBS rp = _L5__=00'3
9
30 "12

e'.^?*
8762
1.0- 3.36 /=MI--i35
2.50
",y- 8762x3.36x12
IZ«2.5» 2 5*144 \
fs - 5,000 LBS. PER SO IN. = 200 LBS. PER SO. IN
fc

UNIT SHEAR :- - 8S LBS. PER SO. IN

^-30^°J8875

U. S. GOVERNMENT
PRINTINGOFFICE:I933

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Washington, D.C. Price 5 cents