Institutions That Govern International Relations

1. International organizations serve many diverse functions,

including collecting information and monitoring, delivering
services and aid (example of it is the World Health
Organization), and providing forums for bargaining
(example is the European Union) and settling disputes
( example is the World Trade Organization).
2. It also serve useful purposes for individual states, which
often use them as instruments of foreign
policy to legitimate their actions and to constrain the
behavior of other states.
3. International relations involve the study of such things as foreign
policy, international conflict and negotiation, war, terrorism,
international trade and economics, and international
development, among other subjects.
As you may expect, international relations’ broad
scope requires an interdisciplinary approach, drawing upon
the fields of economics, law, political science, sociology, game
theory, and even psychology.

The term "United Nations" was coined by former U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942.
Its operations began on October 24, 1945. It started with 50 representatives from different
countries. Generally, it functions in four areas: military issues, economic issues, environmental
issues, and human protection. It is made up of close to 200 countries from around the world, 193
member states to be exact, with the Republic of South Sudan as its latest member (United
Nations, 2011). The UN, with its headquarters in New York City, was designed to be a place
where countries could come to discuss their issues without resorting to violence and war, which
had plagued our planet for several years in the past. Maintaining peace and building friendships
is the number one goal of the UN, as well as providing a forum where countries could gather to
discuss global issues. The General Assembly is the gathering of all of these countries. It is held
in an auditorium where speeches are given. Representatives from different member states can
vote on issues. Maintaining international peace and security became the central mission of the
UN after the war. Up to this day, the UN is the major force in governing interstate relations
(Ritzer, 2015). According to the UN (2011), peace and security are maintained "by working to
prevent conflict; helping parties in conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the
conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish." The UN also has what is known as the Security
Council. This group of countries decides what to do when two or more countries are waging war
or are on the verge of fighting. There are five permanent members of the UN Security Council-
the United States, Britain, Russia, China, and France. In addition to the five members, 10
additional countries join the permanent members for two-year terms, making a total of 15
countries. The Security Council tries to be the arbiter In ceasefires between two sides. They can
pass sanctions like block trade with another country as a punishment. They can send troops or
observers and, if worst comes to worst, they can use military force. In the past, UN peacekeepers
have been sent to Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The "big five" permanent members have a
veto power, which means that one member can stop the entire council from taking action against
a country. This has come up recently during the Syrian Civil War in which Russia and China,
who are allies with Syrian leader Bashar Al-Assad, have been able to stop the other members
from stepping in to deal with the Syrian leader who was accused of using biological weapons
against his own people. The main deliberative body, the General Assembly, provides a forum for
member states to express their views and reach a consensus. In 1991, the UN's military role was
put into question during its intervention in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait wherein the Security
Council authorized the use of force (Ritzer, 2015). Aside from this, the UN intervened in the
civil wars of less developed countries, such as Cambodia and East Timor, through "election and
human rights monitoring,

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