HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS (MODULE 4)

Heat transfer occurs when there is a difference of temperature

• within a body
• Between a body and its surrounding medium

MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER: Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

In Conduction, heat transfer occurs within a solid body.

Example: Wall of a heated room on a winter day

Outside room T0

Inside room TR
WALL

The conduction process is quantified by Fourier’s law.

Fourier’s law for 2D heat flow in a solid body is given by

Where,
T = T(x.y) is temperature field in medium
q is the resultant conductive heat flux (W/m2)
qx and qy are components of heat flux (W/m2)
k is the thermal conductivity of medium (W/m °C)
In convection heat transfer, heat transfer (energy transfer) takes place between
a fluid and a solid surface as a result of temperature difference.

Free (Natural) convection – circulation pattern setup while boiling water in a kettle
due to hot water rising and cold water moving down.

Forced convection – when the fluid flow caused by a fan

Governing equation is given by q = h (Ts - T∞) where,

q is the convective heat flux (W/m2)
h is the convection heat-transfer coefficient or film coefficient (W/m2 °C)
Ts is the surface temperature
T∞ is the fluid temperature
Figure below shows example of cooling a room

h, T∞
Inside room TR

WALL Ts
Governing Equation
Shape Functions and Temperature Gradient relationship for 1D Heat Conduction Element

U(ξ) = N1 q1 + N2 q2
Temperature Gradient
Element Matrices for 1D Heat Conduction Element using Galerkin’s approach:
Problem
PROBLEM 2: Determine the temperature distribution in the composite wall