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cell so they cannot pass through














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facing outwards as it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,
and the hydrophilic tail faces inwards so it is stable











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they are smaller molecules than those in solute R. More molecules of solute P are

present in the cell than outside between 10 and 30 minutes and this shows that

they have diffused from high concentration to low concentration, down the
concentration gradient. Between 30 and 40 minutes, there is no change as molecules

in solute R are not able to diffuse in as they are too large, and molecules in solute P
have reach equilibrium











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the colour difference between each cup. Repeat the experiment to


ensure validity whilst keeping the same control variable such as same

volume of water and independent variable such as concentration of

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the cell surface membrane is more permeable as it has many


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