PRACTICAL 4

PREPARING A CASE STUDY

Structure
4.0 Objectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Writing a Case Study
4.3 Definition of Terms
4.4 Importance of Case Study
4.5 Steps in Preparing Case Study
4.6 Case Writing and Recording
4.7 Let Us Sum Up
4.8 Activity

4.0 OBJECTIVES
After studying this practical, you will be able to:
 describe the importance of collecting case history;
 explain the areas of detailed study;
 identify the aspects under which the case history is collected;
 explain the method of writing case study;
 develop case study independently; and
 plan possible solution to help adolescent to solve the problem.

4.1 INTRODUCTION
In Practical 1 and 2, you have done the assessment of adolescent and learnt the
behaviour which adolescent will show with particular problem. In this practical
you will be able to use the data which you have assessed as per Practical 1 and
2. Taking history and developing case study needs assessment and the ability to
link many available facts and reach to a conclusion. We hope that by now you
had a beginning insight in to a case study method of documentation. Now by using
the guideline you need to develop a case study. Identify the problem with which
the child (whom you have selected) is suffering and then you can plan possible
intervention to help the adolescent to solve the problem.

4.2 WRITING A CASE STUDY

The varied fields in which case study has been used to advantage include law,
psychiatry, psychology guidance, sociology, medicine, nursing and teaching as one
of the method of teaching learning.
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 Case Study
4.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Case study: Case study means an intensive investigation of the particular unit
represented. Here it means the study of an individual, and institution or a community.
An adolescent when is followed for any of the aspects in details and the findings
are written down it is called Case study.
Case study is a practical mode of entry in the depth of particular individual.

4.4 IMPORTANCE OF CASE STUDY

The expert teacher, a keen observer, presents a running interpretive account of
the crucial elements studies/observed in the adolescent. It is a continuous rather
than a static study. The single case is examined over an extensive period of time
so that a wide sampling of events can be observed. During the time of study the
internal and external events about him/her are permitted to vary as per situation
in which the adolescent is placed.
The objectives of case study are no longer limited to consideration of situations
or conditions of maladjustment, such as an alcoholic, hypertensive person, anxious
parents, or a behaviour problem in adolescent. It also helps to study the factors
affecting on a well adjusted adolescent in the family/school.
Let us briefly study about the steps involved in preparing a useful case study.

4.5 STEPS IN PREPARING CASE STUDY

Case study is essentially intensive investigation of the particular unit represented
(e.g. a particular patient/case) whereas case work refers especially to the remedial,
corrective, or developmental procedures that appropriately follow diagnosis of
the causes of maladjustment or of approved behaviour. Case study and case
work, therefore, are complementary processes. The complementary processes
of case study and case work represent a logical continuity or sequence in study,
diagnoses, and treatment, a series of steps may be differentiated that weave in
and out. The steps are as follows:
4.5.1 First Step: Identification of Problem
The first step is the identification of problem or we can say the need of adolescent
as the unit for investigation, with the case-centered approach.
4.5.2 Second Step: Collection of Data
The second step in case study represents a continuation of the data gathering
begun in the first stage of the investigation, but with emphasis on facts that may
serve later as a basis for diagnosis or identification of the causal factors operating.
Many sources of information frequently prove valuable data. e.g. data can be
collected directly from adolescent by using different proformas and can also be
collected from teachers and parents.
4.5.3 Third Step: Identification of Causal Factors
The third step in case study seeks to formulate a list of causes for the problem
which adolescent is facing. You may refer the inferences drawn from Practical 1
and 2.

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4.5.4 Fourth Step: Enumerate of Remedial and Psychosocial
Support
The fourth step refers to a diagnosis of causal factors and emphasis on preventive
measures, remedial or developmental treatment. Like in adolescents possible
remedial can be individual conference, peer group discussion, Planned discussion
on topics for which adolescents need awareness and counselling etc.

4.5.5 Fifth Step: Follow-up Measures

The fifth step, a follow-up programme after remedialor psychological support
completes the cycle of case study and case work. If a reasonable progress
toward adjustment of treatment has not been made a new diagnosis and a modified
interventions may be required. Only through careful analysis it is possible to
identify the causal factor that produces the changes observed e.g. the adolescent
may recover because of remedial method you have implemented and you may
guide parent to prevent the same problem in future.
Now you may record the sequence of events of the adolescent when you have
taken as case study which is described in section 4.6.

4.6 CASE WRITING AND RECORDING

Effective recording like effective listening, is very important. Well balanced records
possess the essential attributes of:
 Accuracy,
 Objectivity,
 Conciseness,
 Case of reference, and
 Maintaining Confidentiality

4.6.1 Proforma for Case Study

a) Identification of data
Name ……………………………….
Age ……………………………….
Sex ………………………………..
Father’s Name ………………………………..
Mother’s Name ………………………
Grade/Class ………………………………..
b) Name the problem child is suffering
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
c) Child’s report/view on his/her condition
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 .............................................................................................................. Case Study

..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
d) On assessment as per check list given in Practical - 1 & 2 You
may write in details the child is showing following behaviour as per
your assessment:-
I) Health Assessment of Adolescents related to growth and
development (as per Practical-1)
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
II) The Assessment of Specific Problems in Adolescents. (as
per Practical-2).
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
e) Brief of problem child is suffering
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
f) State the specific cause of the problem in selected adolescent
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
g) Possible solution to solve the problem. Solution may be awareness,
counselling, group discussion in peer for parents. (You may right as
per your choice)
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
h) Select a solution you want to implement e.g – counselling or group
discussion and peer group discussion and write in detail the process
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Practical Manual of implementation.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
i) Mention if the child needs referral and consultancy
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
Activities – 1 Preparing a case study
Out of total adolescent you have assessed during practical I and II. You may
select any one adolescent who have some problem for which S/he needs counselling
and needful referral.

Prepare a case study on this selected child as per the guidelines given in section
4.6 right a case study as per proforma given you will be required to do the
presentation of the case study in your programme study centre.
(Note: Preparation of case study and presentation carries 100 marks)
4.6.2 Sample Case Study

a) Identification of data
Name : Sakshi Kumari
Age : 14 years
Sex : Female
Father’s Name : Sh. Madan
Mother’s Name : Smt. Heera
Grade/Class : 9th
b) Name the problem child is suffering
Sakshi is suffering with low self esteem due to poor body image.
c) Child’s report/view on his/her condition
As she does not like her looks and colour and assumes that she is not
beautiful. She does not come forward for any co-curricular activities and
thinks teacher will reject her because of her looks. As per Sakshi teachers
only like fair and good looking students like XYZ and that is why they are
good in studies also. Sakshi has developed a feeling that even though she
performs well teacher will not like it so why should she bother. But however
she is tall and well built girl having very long hair and strait walk.

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d) I) Health Assessment of Adolescents related to growth and Case Study
development
i) Assessment of Adolescent for self esteem (based on Performa 1.4)

SD = Strongly Disagree; D = Disagree; A = Agree; SA = Strongly Agree

S.No. Statement SD D A SA
1 I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal basis with 
others
2 I feel that I have a number of good qualities 
3 All in all, I am inclined to think I’m a failure 
4 I am able to do things as well as most other people 
5 I feel I do not have much to be proud of 
6 I take a positive attitude towards myself 
7 On the whole, I am satisfied with myself 
8 I wish I could have more respect for myself 
9 I certainly feel useless at time 
10 At times I think I’m no good at all 

Scoring Procedures for the Rosenberg Self Esteem Test

Scores are calculated as follows:-
For items 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7:
Strongly agree (SA) = 0
Agree (A) = 2
Disagree (D) = 1
Strongly disagree (SD) = 0
For items 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10 (which are reversed in valence):
Strongly agree (SA) = 0+0+0
Agree (A) = 1+1=2
Disagree (D) = 2
Strongly disagree SD) = 3
The scale ranges from 0-30.
On assessment Sakshi got only 5/30 marks which shows that Sakshi is having low
self esteem.

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Practical Manual ii) Assessment for Interpersonal Relationship Based on Performa 1.5
S.No. Particular Never Occasionally Often
(1) (2) (3)
1 Do you often sit with family members to
a) Talk and play  
b) Share issues and concerns  
c) Have meals
d) Watch T/V
2 Do the other family members have Good and 
cordial relationship with your parents.
3 Do the family members have mutual respect and 
regard amongst each other.
4 Do you feel comfortable and close with 
Papa  
Mummy 
Dada 
Dadi  
Brothers
Sisters
Any other
5 Do family members abuse each other 
Physically 
Verbally.

6 Is the student comfortable and friendly with the 

peer group.
7 Does the student posses leadership qualities. 
8 Is the student empathetic towards the needs of 
the peer group.
9 Does the student get along well with the 
teaching faculty.
10 Is the student popular among the peer group. 
11 Is the adolescent comfortable in interaction with 
classmates/Friend of opposite sex.
12 Does the student possess positive attitude 
towards gender issues
13 Does the student take initiative in activitities 
related to the issues of opposite sex
14 Does the student feel free or talk about sexual 
health issues.
15 Does the student participate actively in the 
group activities involving both sexes.

7/25 12/50 12/75

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Remarks: Sakshi does not have very good interpersonal relationship in the Case Study
school.
iii) Assessment of Adolescent for Cognitive Development as per
Performa 1.8
S.No. Symptoms Never Occasionally (2) Often
(1) (3)

1 Is the child attentive in the class. 

2 Does the child shows interest in the class/enthusiastic 

3 Does the child follow classroom instructions 

4 Is the child able to finish school work in time. 

5 Does the student organize the study material properly 

6 Is the student good in memorizing his lessons in the class. 

7 Does the student participate in personality development 

activities like Cultural & Role plays etc.

8 Does the student participate in Sports activities 

9 Is the student able to analyse and think logically about the 

Adolescence issues and concerns.

10 Is the student able to cope up with age-appropriate learning 

3/10 6/20 1/30

Remarks: As per assessment Sakshi needs more attention by teachers.

II) ASSESSMENT OF SAKSHI FOR DEPRESSION

S.No. Statements Yes No

1 Sits quitely in the class 
2 Does not take part in discussin or any group activity 
3 Not maintaining eye to eye contact 
4 Looks sleepy and lethargic all the time 
5 Feels loss of appetite 
6 Lack of interest in any activity of the class and low energy 
7 Looks sad and frequent crying 
8 Increased irritability, anger or hostility 
9 Difficulty with relationships 
10 Frequent complaints of physical illness like headaches and stomach aches 
11 Frequent absense from school 
12 Poor performance in school 
13 Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-destructive behaviour 
14 Low self-esteem and feelings of guilt 
15 Neglect of personal appearance 

Remarks: Specific problem of Sakshi is prone to depression. 45

Practical Manual e) Sakshi has problem of growth and development specifically with self image
which affected on her Inter Personal Relationship leading to depression.
f) Tthe specific cause of the problem in Sakshi is Self perception (A part of
growth and development)
g) Possible solution to solve the problem.
 Counselling Sakshi on her positive assets
 Positive reinforcement
 Motivation to come forward
h) Solution implemented
Counselling of Sakshi was done on her positive Assets to develop positive body
image.
Assets :
 Sakshi is good in drawing and having very good Handwriting
 She is very good at working in team
Motivation & Reinforcement:
 Small tasks was given to her like making a poster for school magazine and
calendar.
 She took part in drawing competition and essay writing competition.
 She was patted and encouraged, even though she stood up in the class and
answered a question.
 Occasionally good word were said to her in front of class as she also helped
a girl who fell down in the ground
i) Mention if the child needs referral and consultancy
Sakshi could be managed at school by her teacher.
4.7 LET US SUM UP
In this practical you have read about case study its definition and importance.
Further this practical has emphasised the steps of Preparing Case Study. You
have also provided with guidelines to be kept in mind while writing a case study
which will help you a prepare a case study.
4.8 ACTIVITY
Out of total adolescent you have assessed during Practical 1 and 2. You may
select any one adolescent who have some problem for which S/he needs counseling
and needful referral.
Prepare a case study on this selected child as per the guidelines given in Section
4.6 write a case study as per proforma given. You will be required to do the
presentation of the case study in your programme study centre.
(Note: Preparation of case study and presentation carries 100 marks.)
LIST OF REFERENCES FOR PRACTICAL MANUAL
(PRACTICAL 1 TO 4)
 American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry http://www.aacap.org/
46  Counselling Skills for Teachers second edition, Jeffrey A. Kottler, Ellen Kottler.
 List of Self Activities
Total Hours for
Self Activities: 52 Hrs.
Marks : 100

Select two boys and two girls to do the following assessments. (You may select different adolescent boys and girls also for
each assessment or may take the same.
Area No of
S. Practical No.
NO. Activity Of activity activities Hours Marks
and Section practiced
1. Activity – 1 Select 2 boys and 2 girls and do
the assessment:- School/
Home/
Practical-1 1.1 Assessment of the issues and concerns Neighborhood/ 4 15 20
Section 1.3 of the developmental stages of an Friends
adolescent as per the given performa

Practical-1 1.2 Assessment for Self Esteem as per the 4 4 5

Section 1.4 given performa

Practical-1 1.3 Assessment for the Interpersonal 4 4 5

Section 1.5 Relationship as per the given checklist

Practical-1 1.4 Psychosocial assessment as per the 4 4 15

Section 1.6 given checklist

Practical-1 1.5 Emotional assessment as per the given 4 4 5

Section 1.7 checklist

Activity – 2 Select two adolescent one boy School/

2. Practical-1 and one girl each for assessing the cognitive Home/ 2 4 10
Section 1.8 development as per the checklist given. Neighborhood/
Friends
3. Activity – 3 Select four adolescent boys and
girls and do assessment :-

Practical 2 3.1 Assess them for depression as per the 4 5 10

Section 2.3A given checklist
School/
Practical 2 3.2 Assessment for any suicidal ideation in Home/ 4 6 10
Section 2.3B the adolescent as per the given checklist. Neighborhood/
Friends
Practical 2 3.3 Assess the Sexual Abuse & Harassment
Section 2.6 as per the given checklist 4 2 10

Practical 2 3.4 Assess the Substance Abuse Disorders

Section 2.7 as per the given checklist. 4 4 10

Note: Make a file for all the self activities and submit to academic counsellor for evaluation.

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Practical Manual
List of Supervised Activities

Total Hours for

Supervised Activities: 08 Hrs.
Marks : 100

Activities – 1 Preparing a case study

Out of total adolescent you have assessed during practical I and II. You may select
any one adolescent who has some problem for which S/he needs counselling and
needful referral.

Prepare a case study on this selected Adolescent as per the guidelines given in section
4.6 and write a case study as per proforma given. You will be required to do the
presentation of the case study in your programme study centre in front of peer group.

Note : Preparation of case study and presentation carries 100 marks.

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 CNS AHL - 001
PRACTICAL MANUAL ON ADOLESCENT HEALTH

PRACTICAL 1 Health Assessment of Adolescents

PRACTICAL 2 The Assessment of Specific Problems in Adolescents

PRACTICAL 3 Life Skill Approach – Counseling Adolescents

PRACTICAL 4 Preparing a Case Study