RESEARCH  It is conducted for various purposes

such as obtaining new information,

 It is a systematic study or
looking for a solution to address a
investigation of something in order
certain problem, and educating
to find new information or validate
oneself. Some conduct research for
certain theories or findings
career growth and advancement
obtained in another research
while others do it for academic
studies.
purposes. However, the primary
 It is a process of formulating
purpose of research is the
research questions, testing
discovery of truth.
hypotheses, gathering relevant

information, and analyzing this Following are the basic steps to

information to come up with a follow when writing a research

conclusion. paper:

 It refers to the gathering of  Choose a research topic

 Narrow down the topic
information, data, and facts for  Survey resources
knowledge advancement and  Quote, paraphrase and
summarize
human development.  Make an outline
 Write the first draft
 It is a systematic method of inquiry  Document references
and discovery which involves  Revise the research paper

experiments, surveys, interviews, I. Choosing a research topic

and data analysis for quantitative The topic is the main subject of

research and comprehensive your research paper. Therefore, it has

exploratory analysis for qualitative to be properly identified and carefully

research. thought of.

Consider one that you are interested 6. List down questions you want to

in. answer.

Topic relevance and the 7. Look for recommendations! from

availability of material related to it are research papers that are of interest to

also very important. you.

Topics to avoid are those which 8. Observe possible problems present

may arouse controversy and those in your community.

which cannot be backed by credible 9. Look at issues from different

resources. perspectives

To further help you in your topic Narrowing Down a Research Topic

search, consider the following tips  You need to narrow down the focus

and guidelines: of such topic. For instance, if you

1. Randomly write down all possible want to analyze aspects of

topics you can think of. technology; you must specify what

2. Brainstorm with your classmates exactly about technology you will

and peers. research on since it is a very broad

3. Conceptualize topics based on area. To do this, you can use an

socially relevant issues. inverted pyramid to break down a

4. Be updated on current events by topic from its general form to a

reading the news- paper and watching more specific one.

the news.

5. Ask suggestions from professionals Here are some steps that you can

and experts in the fields that are follow in narrowing down a

connected to your possible topics. research topic:

STEPS: Formulating a Thesis Statement

1. Ask yourself what you think about Controlling the idea of your research

the topic or what you know and want to contains your opinion about the topic

say about it. which is your thesis. In other words, a

2. Determine your controlling idea or thesis statement is the view of

thesis statement. perspective that you make out of your

3. Check whether it is suitable for an topic. When translated to an equation,

authentic scholarly inquiry. You can it would appear as:

use the following questions as your

guide: Definite Topic + Definite Claim =

3.1 Will you be able to extensively and THESIS STATEMENT

effectively write about your topic?

3.2 Do you see your topic materializing To further elucidate, take for example

into a work worthy of publication? 3.3 that you have decided to pick the

Can you write objectively about your effects of computer technology on

topic? students' study habits as your

4. After checking the appropriateness narrowed down topic. You can

or scholarly worth of your narrowed formulate your opinion about it. Hence,

down topic, you may now formulate you can have the following thesis

your tentative research title and statements:

research questions. Computer game addiction on

students' study habits + can have

bad effects=
 Version 1 are important aspects to consider in

Computer game addiction has bad writing so that one's thoughts or ideas

effects on students' study habits are communicated successfully, and

which consequently impact their more importantly, understanding is

academic performance. ensured.

Computer game addiction on students' Types of Sources

study habits + can have bad effects= Primary sources contain first-hand

Version 2 information about the topic. In other

The students' study habits and words, you can get first-hand

ultimately their academic performance information and a direct personal view

can be affected adversely by computer of the topic through this source.

game addiction.

Gathering Materials

A possible title can be "Computer Examples: interview, autobiographies,

Game Addiction: Its Effects on photographs, films, diaries

Students' Study Habits"

Secondary sources are sources that

Audience serve as interpretation and analysis of

Rhetorical Situations primary sources. They provide

It is important to know the details of elaborations and clarifications about

the audience in terms of age, class, the main source of information. They

educational background, and socio- offer unbiased views than the main

economic status. Their cultural sources.

background and the language they use

Examples: Scholarly journals and

books, reviews, encyclopedia entries,

and editorials

Doing Library Research

Library is an important space for

locating valuable sources-both primary

and secondary. A library is a repository

of several types of documented

information. Specifically, it is a place

where literary and artistic materials Tips in using printed and online
such as books, encyclopedias, materials
periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, 1. Find general information from the
prints, records, and tapes are kept for library's card catalog or OPAC (Online
reading, references, or lending. Public Access Catalog).

2. Check for the availability of other

It employs two classification systems- materials that the library can offer.
the Library of Congress 3. Conduct a general reading on your
Classification (LCC) and the Dewey- topic and start taking note of different
Decimal Classification (DCC). ideas presented by the sources.
Library of Congress Classification 4. It is valuable to get hold of all
System A-Z sources related to your own topic.

5. Look for specific information (scan)

Decimal Dewey-Classification and get the main idea (skim).
000-099
6. Consider other resources such as

documentaries, films, videos, and

recordings if necessary.

Online Resources

The following are some guidelines in

order to ensure the accuracy of

sources obtained online:

1. Be sure to only get resources from

reputable websites or online database.

2. If you are to use online resources

such as websites, be sure to cite them

properly in your research paper.

3. Assess online sources carefully.