Government Polytechnic Ahmednagar

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERIN

(PHE :220504) Report having title “joint of pipe and valve ” Was
successfully completed by Sakshi Pawan Pandule of fifth
semester Diploma in Civil Engineering.in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the Diploma in Civil Engineering and
submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Government
Polytechnic Ahmednagar work carried out during a period for the
academic year 2022-23 as per curriculum.

Mrs.sGORE A. M. Lawande B. M.Kardile

Guide HOD Principle

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express are special thanks of gratitude

to are project guide MRS GORE MADAM as well as our
principal KARDILE SIR who gave us the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the topic JOINT OF PIPES which
also helped us in doing a lot of research and we came to
know about so many new things We us really thankful to
them.
Secondly, we would also like to thank Us parents and
friends who helped Us a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.

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 Pipe of joint

Pipe joints are connected to any piping system because it

is not possible for a pipe network to have a constant

length of pipe. These joints can make or break a pipeline

system based on durability due to the technology used to

make the joint. Different pipe materials are used in the

pipeline industry depending on the requirement and the

type of products that will be conveyed through the pipes

.Pipe joints are connections at pipe ends that ensure that

two pipe sections can be joined to each other to install a

pipeline of any length. Joints give strength to the pipeline

because longer pipeline sections tend to bend. Joints

should be joined together properly to ensure that a tight

seal is established to prevent leakage. Pipe joints are

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integral to any piping system because it is not possible to

have a continuous length of pipe for a pipe network. These

joints can make or break a pipeline system depending on

the resulting durability of the technique used to form the

joint. There are different materials of pipes used in the

pipeline industry depending on the need and the type of

product that will be conveyed through the pipe. Different

methods are used to join pipes based on the pipe material.

Threaded pipe joints are used to join cast iron

(CI), galvanized iron (GI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), copper

pipes, etc. They are connected by screwing the threads

provided externally on one side and internally on the other

side in each pipe. Such joints are suitable for low

temperature and low flow conditions. Brazing and solder

pipe jointing are done on copper or copper alloy pipes by

using molten filler material. For the same diameter pipes,

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butt welding is used to join the pipes as this gives high

strength to resist high pressure. Socket welded joints are

used to join pipes of different diameters and where

chances of leakage are high. Flanged joints are connected

using two flanges secured with bolts and are used for

large diameter pipes with high-pressure

flows. Polyethylene (PE) pipes are joined to each other by

heat fusion or with mechanical fittings.

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 Types of joint

 Sockets and Spigots Joint

 Expansion Joint

 Flange joint

 Cement collar Joint

 Simple joint

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Spigot & Socket joint:-

This type of joint is commonly used in case of cast- iron-

pipes. For the construction of this joint the spigot or normal

end of one pipe is center into the socket of the other pipe.

Hemp yarn is then wrapped around the spigot, leaving

unfilled the required depth of socket for lead. A kneeled

clay ring is then placed around the barrel & against the

face of the socket. After this molten pig lead is poured into

fill the remainder of the socket.

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Expansion Joint:-

These joints are used on pipes exposed to considerable

differences of temperature allowing for free expansion

or contraction without setting up thermal stresses in the

pipes. Here when the pipe expands, the socket end

moves forward & when pipe contracts, it moves back

word in the space provided for it & the elastic rubber

gasket in every position keeps the joint water tight.

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Flanged Joint:-

These joints are rigid & are easy to disjoint, as such

used where pipe joints have to occasionally opened out

for carrying out repair work as in pumping chamber. The

pipe in this case has flanges on its both ends, casted,

welded or screwed with the pipe. A gasket of rubber,

canvass or lead is introduced between the two flanges

of cast iron pipes, which are then tightened with bolts &

nuts.

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Collar Joint:-
This joint is mostly used for joining concrete & asbestos

cement pipe having bigger diameter. A rubber gasket is

placed between steel rings in the groove after bringing

the ends of the two pipes in one level. Then the collar is

placed at the joint so that it should have the same lap on

both the pipes. After this cement mortar (1:1) is filled in

the gap between the pipes & the collar.

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Simple Joints -
This is a simple type of joint commonly used for jointing

screwed wrought iron or Galvanized iron pipes. In this

joint, two ends of the pipes are threaded on the outside

and on them a suitable jointing compound should be

used before screwing socket over it having

corresponding threads from inside

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Introduction

Valves are provided in the pipelines for various

purposes. The main purpose of providing a valve is to
control and regulate the flow of water. The various
types of valves commonly used are as follows:

Types of Valves
o Sluice or Gate or Cutoff Valve
o Reflux (check valve)
o Safety or Pressure Relief Valve
o Air relief or air valve
o Drain or Scour Valve

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Sluice or Gate valve

These are the commonly used valve to regulate the flow of

water through pipelines. These valves are extensively
used in the distribution system to shut off the supplies. It
consists of a disc or circular gate parallel-sided or e
shaped in cross-section and Having a nut that slots in with
the thread of an operating spindle.

The disc or circular gate, by raising or lowering flow can

be regulated or controlled. These valves may be provided
in every junction and in a suitable interval of about 150 to
300 m in a straight portion. These valves are operated by
rotating the spindle clockwise to close and anticlockwise to
open.

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Reflux Valve
This non-return valve allows water to flow in one direction only
and the flow in reverse direction automatically stopped. It
consists of a disc hinged at its top edge provided at the one end
in such a way that it opens when the flow is forward and closes
if water tends to flow in the reverse direction. This valve is
invariably placed in a pumping main.

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Relief valve
These types of valves consists of a disc controlled by a spring
that can be adjusted to the desired pressure. It is provided to
release the excessive pressure from the pipeline and protect the
pipeline against the possible danger of bursting due to excessive
pressure.

When the pressure in pipelines exceeds the desired pressure, the

disc is forced to be lifted up and a certain amount of water flows
out from the cross pipe thereby releasing the pressure in the
pipeline. This valve is also called an automatic cutoff valve.

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Air Valve
In a pipeline, air may enter or entrained air get trapped which
may be accumulated in the summit or high points of pipeline
and maybe serious blockade to flow of water.It consists of a CI
chamber, float, lever, and poppet valve is held in the closed
position. The chamber is connected to the bolted-on pipe top
opening in the crown. A float mass and a lever in it are adjusted
and when water is under pressure it lowers and the poppet valve
is opened result the release of pressure.

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Scour valve
These are similar to blow-off valves also known as wash-
out valves. They are ordinary sluice valves operated by
hand. They are located at the depressions and dead ends
to remove the accumulated silt and sand. After the
complete removal of silt; the value is to be closed.

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The end

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