Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Background of Study ........................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Motivation ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.3 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.1 General Objective ................................................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................. 10
1.5 Scope ...............................................................................................................................11
1.6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................11
1.7 Limitations of the Study ..................................................................................................11
1.8 Organization of Thesis ................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................. 13
LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 13
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Review on plastic and Solid Plastic Waste ..................................................................... 13
2.3 Plastic in Ethiopia........................................................................................................... 14
2.4 Plastic Waste Issues ........................................................................................................ 15
2.5 Plastic Waste Management ............................................................................................. 16
2.6 Processes involved in recycling plastics ........................................................................ 17
2.7 Types and uses of plastic wastes in building and construction ...................................... 18
2.7.1 Types of recyclable plastic wastes .......................................................................... 18
2.7.2 Plastic wastes recycled for building and construction materials ............................ 19
2.7.3 Plastic wastes in the fabrication of Blocks, tiles, and bricks .................................. 19
2.7.4 Use of plastic waste for road construction material ................................................ 20
2.7.5 Plastic wastes in producing cementitious composites ............................................ 20
2.7.6 Other uses of plastic waste in building and construction ........................................ 21
2.8 Durability and costs of plastic wastes for building and construction materials ............. 22
2.9 Additive Manufacturing Technologies ........................................................................... 23
2.9.1 Additive Manufacturing for Sustainable Construction ........................................... 24
 2.9.2 Classification of Additive Manufacturing ............................................................... 25
2.9.3 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology .................................................... 25
2.9.4 Reinforced Thermoplastic Filaments for 3D Printing ............................................ 30
2.10 Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites ............................................................. 31
2.10.1 Properties of Natural Fibers .................................................................................... 33
2.10.2 Advantages and Challenges of Using Natural Fibers in Composites ..................... 34
2.10.3 Types of Natural Fiber ............................................................................................ 35
2.10.4 Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites: Tensile Strength, Flexural
Strength, and Impact Resistance ............................................................................................ 36
2.10.5 Natural Fiber Composites in Construction Industry ............................................... 39
2.11 Waste Plastic Materials for 3D Printing ......................................................................... 41
2.11.1 Reinforced Waste Plastic Filament for 3D Printing ................................................ 43
2.11.2 Processing of Waste Plastic Composites Filament in FDM .................................... 44
2.11.3 Characterization of Filament for 3D Filament ........................................................ 45
2.12 Summary of Literature Reviews .................................................................................... 47
2.13 Literature Gaps ............................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................. 49
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY....................................................................................... 49
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 49
3.2 Materials ......................................................................................................................... 49
3.2.1 Waste Plastic ........................................................................................................... 49
3.2.2 Natural Fibers.......................................................................................................... 50
3.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 51
4. RESEARCH WORK SCHEDULE ....................................................................................... 52
5. BUDGET ............................................................................................................................... 53
5.1 Budget or Cost Breakdown ............................................................................................ 53
5.2 Stationary Cost ............................................................................................................... 53
5.3 Miscellaneous Expense .................................................................................................. 53
5.4 Cost for Computer Rent and Software Licensing .......................................................... 54
5.5 Material and Labor Cost ................................................................................................. 54
6. REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................ 55