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1 Introduction to Psychology
Type
A=Applied
C=Conceptual
F=Factual
Level
(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult
LO=Learning Objective
p=page
Learning Objective 1.1 – What process do scientists use to answer questions about behavior and mental processes?
3. “Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive.” According to the scientific method, this
statement is most likely a ____________
a) conclusion.
b) result.
c) hypothesis.
Correct. This statement is an educated guess about the effects of violent cartoons.
d) fact.
4. A general principle or a set of principles that attempts to explain how a set of separate facts are related to one
another is called ____________
a) a theory.
Correct. A theory explains different bits of information and their relationship to each other.
b) an hypothesis.
Incorrect. A hypothesis is an educated guess, or a speculation about the answer to a research question.
c) applied research.
d) basic research.
ANS: a, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (2)
6. Forming a hypothesis is the second step in a scientific investigation. This step is derived from which goal of
psychology?
a) describing
Incorrect. The question comes from observing a situation and asking “What is happening?” This is a description.
b) explaining
Correct. Forming a hypothesis attempts to explain the question you are asking.
c) predicting
d) changing
ANS: b, p. 4, C, LO=1.1, (3)
7. After reading about the possible causes of schizophrenia, a scientist thinks that a virus is the most likely cause.
What term most accurately describes the scientist’s idea?
a) hypothesis
Correct. A hypothesis is an “educated guess” based on solid information.
b) dependent variable
c) extraneous variable
d) experimental estimate
Incorrect. Experimental estimate is not a valid term used in science.
ANS: a, p. 4, A, LO=1.1, (2)
8. Jeremy has some doubt about another researcher's claim of discovering ESP in all humans. Jeremy decides that
he will try to conduct the same study himself. Jeremy will be doing a(n) ____________
a) replication.
Correct. Replication is a future repeat of research to see if the findings or outcomes are consistent.
b) pilot study.
Incorrect. A pilot study is the “first” in a series of research investigations.
c) longitudinal study.
d) qualitative study.
ANS: a, pp. 4-5, A, LO=1.1, (2)
11. The four goals of psychology are to describe, explain, ____________, and influence behavior and mental
processes.
a) increase
b) decrease
c) predict
Correct. One of the four goals of psychology is gaining the ability to predict future events or behaviors.
d) standardize
Incorrect. Standardizing mental processes and behaviors, which would involve making them all the same, is not a
possibility in psychology or any other science.
ANS: c, p. 5, C, LO=1.2, (2)
13. Mei was sent to the school psychologist to be tested. Based on her IQ scores it was decided that she would do
well in the gifted child program. This is an example of which goal of psychology?
a) describing behavior
b) explaining behavior
Incorrect. Explaining focuses on why it is happening.
c) predicting behavior
Correct. Mei’s score served as a predictor (“would do well”) of performance.
d) controlling behavior
ANS: c, p. 5, A, LO=1.2, (2)
% correct 76 a= 8 b= 7 c= 76 d= 9 r = .20
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