MATHEMATICS IN MODERN WORLD

MARICAR LABONG | REVIEWER

1. Symmetri
Pointers to review: TOPIC I es (Bilateral or
● Patterns in nature TOPIC II Mirror)
● Polyas Solving
Strategies SUB TOPIC
● Intuition
● Mathematical
proof
● / a. Symmetri
● / es
● / (Radial or
● / Rotational)
●

Patterns in Nature
➢ Natural Patterns / Patterns in
nature are visible regular forms found in the
b. SYMMET
natural RIES (Threefold)
world. The patterns can sometimes be
modeled mathematically.

Philosophers who studied Patterns

❖ Plato c. SYMMET
❖ Pythagoras RIES (Fourfold)
❖ Empedocles
- attempting to explain order in nature which
lead to the modern understanding of visible
d. SYMMET
patterns. RIES (Fivefold)
-
What are the types of Patterns?

1. Spirals e. SYMMET
RIES (Sixfold)

3.
MOSAICS
(Tessellations)

4. STRIPES

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 10. SERPEN
TINE or
MEANDER

5. SP
OTS

11. FOAM

6. DENDRITIC

Spectacular Patterns

7. SCATTER
ED

8. FRACTU
RED Polya’s Steps in Problem Solving

George Polya (1885-1985)

➢ Hungarian mathematician
➢ Known as the father of modern problem
9. NATURAL
solving
ISTIC DRIFT
➢ Formulated the four-step approach of
problem solving

Polya's four step approach to problem solving aims to

make individual as better problem solvers

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Four steps in problem solving
➢ Preparation (understand the problem)
➔ Look for information given
➔ Visualize the information
➔ Organize the information
➔ Connect the information
➢ Thinking time (devise a plan)
➔ Go through the process act it out or
work backwards
➔ Revise , restate, simplify and solve
➢ Insight (carry out a plan )
➔ Use mathematical knowledge and skill
➔ Use logical thinking
➢ Verification ( look back)
➔ Check the solution
➔ Improve and seek alternative solution
Problem Solving Strategies
1. The ability to use strategies to
develop with experience and practice .
2. Strategies themselves can become
more abstract and complex .
Intuition
➢ Ability to understand something
instinctively, without need for conscious
reasoning .
➢ Something that is known or
understood without proof or evidence.
➢ In traditional way dealing with
mathematics , mathematician use their
intuition or imaginations to come up with
theorems.
➔ Then they do a lot of work to try to fill
in the proofs and check what is true.
Proof
➢ Direct proof , the conclusion is
established by logically combining the
axioms,definitions and theorems.
Mathematical Proof
➢ An argument which convinces other
people that something is true.
Certainty
➢ Total continuity and validity of
inquiries to the highest degree of precisions
(correctness)
➢ Conclusion or outcome that is
beyond doubt.
➢ Something that is certain or most
likely to happen.
Types of reasoning to justify
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
➢ are two ➢ Formal
fundamental theorems and
types of proof originated
with these two
reasoning for
forms of
mathematicians . reasoning.
➢ Deductive reasoning
➔ process of taking the information
gathered from general observations
and making specific decisions based
on that information.( general to
specific)
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Ex.
1st Premise: Cacti are plants.
2nd Premise: All plants perform photosynthesis.
Conclusion: Therefore, cacti perform
photosynthesis.

➢ Inductive reasoning
➔ process of making generalized
decisions after observing, and/or
witnessing, repeated specific
instances of something. ( specific to
general)
Ex.
1st Premise: Elijah is good looking.
2nd Premise: Elijah is well-behaved.
Conclusion: Therefore, all good looking are
well-behaved.

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