2019 Sec 4 Physics EOY Answers

Paper 1
1 ..…. 5 6 ..… 10 11 ….15 16 ….20 21 ….25 26 .…30
BDDAD AACBA BDBAC BCACC DCBCA BADDB

6. apply F=ma to objects A and B separately:
23 - T = 1a & T - 20 = 2a, solve for a.
7. R is upwards. Lift moves up with acceleration, so R >
W. Both R and W act on the lady, not action-reaction
pair.
8. force by wall on ladder: add friction upwards &
normal contact force to right;
force by ground on ladder: add friction to left & normal
contact force upwards.
10. P = hg; if use P = W/area, only weight of liquid
vertically above base area acts on it to give pressure P.
15. v = 3.0 x 105 km s-1 = 3.0 x 108 m s-1;
EM waves have no charge & are not affected by
magnetic field.
19. Resistance is a ratio = V/I, using a pair of values of V &
I from the graph.
20. Apply potential divider method by considering R1 in
series with R2//R3 (in parallel). When S is closed, R2
becomes in parallel with R3, so R2//R3 (combined) has a
smaller effective resistance and its p.d. also becomes
smaller. So p.d. across R1 will increase.
21. thermal energy in heater E = I2R or V2/R
D: (¼V)2/ (¼R) = ¼ V2/R = ¼ E
27. increase in thickness of wall only increases the
response time of the thermometer;
increase in cross-sectional area of bore will give a shorter
length of liquid for the same temperature, so the range of
this thermometer will increase (higher temperature for the
same maximum length of liquid).

Paper 2

Section A

1(a) The bottle has a small base and a high C.G. (due to the lamp shade fitted at the top)

(b) Adding some sand to the bottle lowers the C.G. of the bottle.

2(a) From the graph, speed (of impact) = 12 m s-1

KE = ½ mv2 = ½ (1.0 kg) (12 m s-1 )2
= 72 J
(b) power = KE / t = 72 J/ 0.030 s
= 2400 W

3(a) Volume of air would decrease.

The pressure of water increases with depth. By Boyle’s law, a higher pressure of the air will
give rise to a smaller volume of the same mass of air.

(b) The fish needs to add gas into the bladder at B to maintain its neutral
buoyancy.
[Since the volume of air decreases from A to B, for the if the volume to increase back to V A,
the more air must be added into the swim bladder.]

4(a) (1) Light travels from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense
medium.
(2) Angle of incidence is greater than (or equal to) the critical angle.

(b) Show calculations using sin c = 1/n to obtain critical angle c = 43.6°
Total internal reflection occurs at first surface. Draw rays and label angles of
incidence & reflection, i = r =71°
Refraction occurs at second surface. Angle of incidence measured and used to determine
the angle of reflection. Show calculations to determine i and r.
i = 34° and r = 54°
5(a) Constructions line(s) used appropriately to determine the position of the lens
L

(b) real, magnified and inverted

(c) focal length = 2.0 cm

either accurately measured from the diagram in the exam booklet with construction lines, or
accurately measured distance of object, (u = 2.6 cm) and distance of image, (v = 7.9 cm)
from the lens and calculated using formula (1/f =1/u + 1/v)

6(a)

+ +
+ + + +
- +- -++- - - +
- + -
++ +
(b) +
The negatively-charged cloud repels electrons on the aircraft to the lower surface of the
aircraft. Hence the upper surface of the aircraft
++ has an induced + positive charge.
+
(c) When the aircraft flies away from the cloud, there is no more electrostatic induction. Hence,
+
there would not be any more induced charges + on+the aircraft and
+ it becomes neutral on its
outer surfaces again.
++ +
7(a) +
The resistance R can be obtained by calculating ratio V / I , (using (I, V) values from the
graph) ++ +
+
(b) Smallest R = 2V / 0.8A = 2.5  +
Largest R = 10V / 1.85A = 5.4  + + +
Middle value of R = 6V / 1.4A = 4.3  (> 3.95 , average of 2.5 and 5.4 )
+ +

resistance / 

5.4

2.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 V/V
8(a) After switching off the air-conditioner for 16 minutes, the room temperature would rise from
25 C to 28 C.
Hence, she should switch off the air-conditioner at 9:44 am, so that she would not feel hot
and also save some energy. (15 mins, 9:45 am also accepted)
(b) Amount of money saved = 2.0 kW  16 h  $0.21 / (kW h)
60
= $0.11 or 11 cents

9(a) Coil A. The coil has the fewest windings in the coil and does not possess an iron core to
concentrate the field.

(b) Coil B. Steel is a magnetically hard material and will retain its magnetism.

10(a) South pole

(b) Remain south pole. As north pole is now moving away from that end - Lenz’s law.

11(a) 334000 x 0.15 + 0.15 x 4200T = 0.5 x 4200 (30 - T) hence T = 4.7 °C

(b) That no heat is absorbed from the surroundings.

Section B

12(a) This is to ensure that the balloon will not endanger the flight of any plane in its path in any
way (e.g.block the view of any pilot in the plane, entangle with the plane’s wings, be sucked
in by the plane’s engines, interfere with air traffic communications)

(b) Arrow correctly drawn for weight and correctly labelled. upthrust
Arrow correctly drawn for air resistance/drag force/viscous force and
correctly labelled.

air resistance weight

(c) s = ut + ½ at2 =½ at2 ➔ a= = 2(35 000 m) / (90  60
2s/t2 s)2
a = 0.0024 m s-2 = 31 km h-2 = 0.0086 km min-2

4
(d) Force = W = mg = Vg =  (1.62m / 2)3  1.2 kgm-3  10 ms-2
3
= 26.71 ≈ 27 N

(e) Any 3: temperature, air pressure, humidity (or concentration of water vapour),
speed of wind, direction of wind, or velocity of wind, altitude/height

(f) v=f➔  = v / f = 3.0 x 108 m s-1 / (405  106 m)

 = 0.7407 ≈ 0.74 m

13(a) the particles would vibrate / oscillate about a fixed point in the horizontal direction (parallel
to the direction of motion/travel/propagation of the wave).

(b) Amplitude of reflected wave pulse is smaller. Sound wave pulse has lost energy / is quieter

(c) distance travelled by sound = 2.4 m and Time = 7 x 1.0 ms = 7.0 ms

Speed = distance / time = 2.4 / 0.0070 = 340 m/s

(d) Longer pipe to give a larger time interval

 Shorter pulse easier to pin down the pulse on the time-axis
Put mic/speaker at the exact end of the tube to ensure distance travelled is exactly 2.4 m

(e) Speed of light is too high. Time taken for light to pass up and down the tube would be too
small to measure.

14Either
(a) The voltmeter is wrongly connected in series when it should be connected in parallel with
the constantan wire,
while the ammeter is wrongly connected in parallel when it should be connected in
series with the wire.

(b) correct circuit symbols & circuit connections clearly indicating how the crocodile clip
acts as a variable connection
ammeter is connected in series and voltmeter is connected in parallel

A A

V V

(c)(i)
length of the wire l / m 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
voltage V / V 0.50 1.00 1.40 1.90
current I / A 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
resistance R /  1.0 2.0 2.8 3.8

(c)(ii)
R/
(iii) The resistance of the wire is directly proportional
to its length.
It is because the graph is a straight line and the 4.0

line passes through the origin
(iv) Resistance of the wire is inversely proportional to 3.0

the cross-sectional area of the wire, hence the
resistance decreases. The slope of the graph 2.0 
becomes smaller / more gentle.
1.0 
14Or
(a) mutual induction / electromagnetic induction l/m
0.0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
(b) N at top, S at bottom
(c) current flows left to right across the turns of the coil
(d) (i) step-down
(ii) Vp/Vs = Np/Ns 240/12 = 1000/Ns Ns = 50

(iii) IpVp = IsVs Ip x 240 = 2.0 x 12 Ip = 0.10 A

(iv) Decrease the number of turns of the primary coil Increase the voltage applied across
the primary coil