1

1 Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.

(a) State the colour change when excess aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of
methyl orange in acid.

from ..................................................................................................................................

to ....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Choose the pH value of an alkali.

Draw a circle around your answer.

pH 3 pH 5 pH 7 pH 14

[1]

[Total: 3]

2 State the colour change when excess hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of methyl orange in
alkali.

from ..........................................................................................................................................

to .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

3 When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

The solution formed is potassium hydroxide, a strong alkali.

(a) State the formula of the ion responsible for alkalinity in a solution.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the colour of litmus in a strong alkali.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

4 Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which is a strong
base.

(a) Explain in terms of proton transfer what is meant by a base.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) State a pH number that indicates the presence of a strong alkali.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State the colour of methyl orange in aqueous sodium hydroxide.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

5 Acids are important laboratory chemicals.

Some acids completely dissociate in water to form ions.

(a) State the term applied to acids that completely dissociate in water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the equation to show the complete dissociation of sulfuric acid in water.

H2SO4→ .......................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State the colour of methyl orange in sulfuric acid.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

6 Ammonia reacts with water to form ions.

+ −
NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4 + OH

(a) How does this equation show that ammonia, NH3, behaves as a base?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Aqueous ammonia is described as a weak base.

Suggest the pH of aqueous ammonia.

pH = ............................................. [1]

(c) Describe what is seen when aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate, until
no further change is seen.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]
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7 Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

What is meant by the term strong acid ?

strong .......................................................................................................................................

acid .......................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

8 The diagrams show part of the structures of five substances, A, B, C, D and E.

S O Fe Fe Fe Fe
H O O S Fe Fe Fe Fe
H C O H
S O O Fe Fe Fe Fe
H O Fe Fe Fe Fe

A B C

O2– Ca2+ O2– H H

Ca2+ O2– Ca2+ C C

H H
O2– Ca2+ O2–

D E

State which one of these structures, A, B, C, D or E reacts with an acid to form a salt and water.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

9 The diagram shows the best pH ranges for growing different plants.

pH 4 5 6 7 8

beans
carrots
clover
potatoes
tomatoes

(a) Which two plants grow best in acidic conditions only?

................................................................. and ................................................................. [1]

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(b) Which pH shown in the diagram above represents a neutral pH?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

10 Explain why solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same concentration, in
3
mol / dm , have a different pH.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

11 Aluminium oxide reacts with dilute sodium hydroxide to form a salt and one other product.

Name the other product.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

12 Aluminium oxide reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form a salt.

State the name and write the formula of the salt formed.

name .......................................................................................................................................

formula .................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

13 Give the name of the salt formed when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 Calcium chloride, CaCl2, is a salt.

Suggest the name of an acid and a base that would react together to make calcium chloride.

acid...........................................................................................................................................

base..........................................................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 2]
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15 The graph below shows how pH changes when aqueous ammonia is neutralised by hydrochloric
acid.

14

12

10

pH

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
volume of hydrochloric acid added / cm3

(a) What is the pH of the aqueous ammonia at the start of the experiment?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) What volume of hydrochloric acid has been added when the pH is 10?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) What volume of hydrochloric acid has been added when the pH is changing most quickly?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]