Vocabulary

For line & Bar graphs

Opening Sentences

 In terms of students participation in ball

sports,……………………………………

 Regarding the two remaining sports

participants, …………………………
Opening Sentences

Body Paragraph 1 = Fish and Chips

In terms the food with the highest consumption
at start,……………………………………

Body Paragraph 2 = Pizza and Hamburgers

Regarding the other two foods with lower level
at the beginning,, …………………………
Describing state

• The number of students who participated in

football in 2001 stood at precisely 60

• The number of students who participated in

running in 2001 started at just below 20

• The number of students who participated in

swimming in 2001 was about 20

• The number of students who participated in

basketball in 2001 amounted to around 55

• The number of students who participated in

basketball in 2001 numbered 55
Opening Sentences

 Exactly, precisely
 Approximately, around, about,
nearly, almost, roughly
 Just below, just under
 Just above, just over
Sweden’s divorce rate ____________ in 2011
Describing Movements

 Go up ↑
Increase, climb, rise, grow

Increase from 60 to 70
Increase to 70
Increase by 10

1. The number of swimming participants increased gradually to exactly 50 in 2005

2. The figure saw/showed/experienced a gradual increase of 30 between 2001 and 2005

3. There was a 30 increase in the number of swimming participants between 2001 and 2007
 Untuk kenaikan ekstrim:

Skyrocket
Soar
Peak

After May, the figure for the 11 pm news skyrocketed, reaching its highest point at 4.1 million in August

After May, the figure for the 11 pm news peaked / soared at 4.1 million in August

After May, the figure for the 11 pm news reached a peak of 4.1 million in August. From August onwards,
however, the trend reversed
 world population

The world population followed

upward trends.

Upward = positive The Canadian universities tuition fees for

undergraduate engineering students
followed downward trends.

Upward = negative
Describing Movements

 Go down ↓
Decrease, fall, drop, decline

Decrease from 60 to 20
Decrease to 20
Decrease by 40

1. The number of swimming participants decreased dramatically to exactly 20 in 2008

2. The figure saw/showed/experienced a dramatical decrease of 40 between 2006 and 2008

3. There was a 40 decrease in the number of swimming participants between 2006 and 2008
 Untuk penurunan ekstrim:

Plunge
plummet

After May, the figure for the 9.30 pm news plunged / plummeted, reaching / hitting a low point at just
above one million in August

After May, the figure for the 9.30 pm news plunged / plummeted, hitting a trough at just above one
million in August

After May, the figure for the 9.30 pm news reached / hit a low point at just above one million in
August
Describing Movements

 No movement
Remained steady,
remained stable,
remained unchanged

Flattened out
Levelled off

1. The number of swimming participants remained steady at 50 from 2005 to 2006

2. The number of swimming participants remained stable, hovering at 50 from 2005 to 2006

3. From 2008 onward, the number of swimming participants flattened out.

Describing degree
Time expressions

 In 2010
 From 2000 to 2010 / between 2000 to 2010
 In the following / next five years
 Thereafter,………………
 From this point onwards,…………
 Then, …………………. In 2010
practice

 Body Paragraph 1

In terms of the food with the highest

consumption at the start, the
consumption of fish and chips
___________ in 1975. It then ___________
to _________ in five years, before
_____________ in 1985. From this point
onwards, the figure ______________,
hitting __________ at the end of period.
practice

 Body Paragraph 2

Regarding the other two foods with lower

level at the beginning, the consumption of
pizza and hamburgers ______________ 5
and 10 in 1975 _________. The consumption
of pizza then _____________ and __________
about 80 in 1995. ____________, the
consumption of hamburgers
_________________ and _____________
exactly 100 in the same year. Thereafter,
they both ________________ until the final
year.
Other useful words

 Respectively
 Surpass / overtake
 Fluctuate
 Intersect at
 Converge at
 Follow un upward trend
• In 2011, the number of running and swimming
stood at around 60 and exactly 20, respectively.

• The figure for running overtook / surpassed the

figures for the other sports.

• The number of football students fluctuated

between 60 and 71.
 The figures for pizza and fish and chips  The figures for meat and salt converged at
intersected at around 70 between 1990 and exactly 200 in 2010.
1995.
 The meat and fish consumption followed a clear positive / an upward trend
 The salt consumption followed a prominent negative / downward trend
 The trend in the salt consumption was prominently negative
 Language of comparison

 Football participants had by far the highest

number compared to the other types of sport
in the beginning of the period

 Football continued to be the most favourite

sport among the others throughout the whole
time frame

 Football remained popular among the other

types of sport throughout the whole time frame

 The figure for basketball started slightly lower

than that of football at around 55
 Language of comparison
 Showing Differences

Transitions : In contrast, however, on the other hand

After 2006, running participants experienced an increase. In contrast, swimming participants
experienced a decrease at the same time.

Conjunction : Although, while, whereas

After 2006, while running participants experienced an
increase, swimming participants experienced a decrease.
 Language of comparison
 Showing Similarities

Transitions : Likewise, similarly

From 1975 to 1995 Hamburgers consumption followed a positive trend. Likewise, Pizza consumption
followed a positive trend.

Other structures : similarly to, like, both

• From 1975 to 1995, Hamburgers consumption followed a positive
trend, similarly to Pizza, which saw a roughly 80 increase.

• Like Pizza consumption, From 1975 to 1995, the Hamburgers

consumption followed a positive trend.

• From 1975 to 1995, both the Hamburgers and Pizza consumption

followed a positive trend.
  Before
Creating a sentence structure  After

The number of swimming participants

remained steady before decreasing in
2006.

After remaining steady from 2005 to 2006,

the number of swimming participants
decreased in 2006
 Creating a sentence structure

Fish and chips

• A = Fish and Chips consumption
started at 100
• B = Fish and Chips is the most
popular type of fast food in 1975

Menyatukan 2 kalimat A dan B, menjadi:

Fish and Chips consumption started at 100, being
the most popular type of fast food in 1975.
 Describing future

 The car sales in the UK is estimated to

decrease too roughly 50 in 2035

VOCABULARY: be estimated, be expected, be projected, be set, be predicted