ACTIVITY ONE

Work in groups. Read the following Discussion carefully then identify the Generic Structure and language feature of the Text
and fill in the table!

Gene Splicing

Genetic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities. Scientists are now able to create new form of life in
the laboratory due to the development of gene splicing.
On the one hand, the ability to create life in laboratory could greatly benefit mankind.
For example, because it is very expensive to obtain insulin from natural sources, scientists have developed a method to
manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.
Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in agriculture.
Scientists foresee the day when new plants will be developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore
food production could be increased. In addition, entirely new plants could be developed to feed the world’s hungry people.
Not everyone is excited about gene splicing. However, some people feel that it could have terrible consequences.
A laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity.
As a result of this controversy, government has made rules to control genetic experiments. While some members of the
scientific community feel that these rules are too strict, many other people feel that they are not strict enough.

Generic Structure Number of Paragraph

1. Issue
2. Argument for
3. Argument against
4. Conclusion
5. Thinking Verb
6. Additional Conjunction
7. Contrastive Conjunction

ACTIVITY TWO

In groups, read the text and then answer the following questions!

Global warming has become more serious after the Asian tsunami occurred, for example in some parts of Indonesia, India and
Sri Lanka, that killed more than three hundred thousand people.
There is no reason for us not to concern with it. The global warming will not only make summer hotter and hotter, but will also
lead more rain, more flood, higher sea level, and more unpredictable weather.
Greenhouse gases (carbon monoxide methane), processed from releasing the carbon into the air then mixes the oxygen, takes an
important role in stimulating global warming. Carbon dioxide traps the heat from the sun so that it keeps the Earth warm.
Modern living, like modern industry and agriculture, produce more carbon. Meanwhile, the higher level of carbon released into
the air means the move heat trapped on Earth. Today the level of carbon dioxide is the highest for half million years.
Not all people are excited about the issue. Some Americans, for example, feel that global warming was a fallacy, inspired by
European businesses and governments wanting to hinder the US economy.
As the result of controversy, scientists are now more highly motivated to find whether global warming is only an issue or even a
delaying fact.

1. What does the text tell about?

2. Mention some of Asian countries attacked by Tsunami?

3. What does the writer mean by global warming?

4. What does paragraph 2 tell about?

5. What is the writer’s opinion about global warming?

6. What are the effects of the global warming?

7. Why don’t some Americans believe in the issue of global warming?

8. What does the word ‘it’ (paragraph 2) refer to?

9. What does the word “it” (paragraph 3) refer to?

10. How do Scientist react to the global warming controversy?

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Activity 3

Still focus reading, read the text then answer the questions!

BOXING

There was a lot of discussion, about whether boxing should be banned.

People who agree with this idea, such as Sarah, claim that if they do carry on boxing they should wear something to protect
their heads. They also argue that people who do boxing could have brain damage and get seriously hurt. A further point they make is
that most of the people that have died did have families.
However, there are also strong arguments against this point of view. Another group of people believe that boxing should be
banned. They say that why they invent if it is dangerous sport. They said that boxing is a good sport, people enjoy it. A furthermore
reason if they banned it will ruin people’s careers.
After looking at the different points of view and the evidence for them, l think boxing should be banned because five hundred
people have died in boxing since 1884.

1. what is suggested to do with head for men who do carry on boxing?

Answer :………………………………………………………

2. According to the reason in paragraph 3 “boxing is not dangerous”. Mention the supporting sentence of the above sentence!
Answer :…………………………………………………………………..

3. Is a man able to build his career in boxing?

Answer :…………………………………………………………………..

4. ……..if they do carry on boxing…..(paragraph 2; sentence 1). What does the underlined word refer to?
Answer :…………………………………………………………………..

5. Find the word from the text which has similar meaning with “fall”!
Answer :…………………………………………………………………..

6. Mention the type of the text!

Answer :…………………………………………………………………

7. What is the writing purpose of the text?

Answer :………………………………………………………………….
8. Complete the table below!

Text Element Sentence Number of Paragraph in The Text

Issue …………………………………………………………..

Argument (for) …………………………………………………………..

Argument (against) …………………………………………………………..

Conclusion …………………………………………………………..

Activity 4

Complete the sentence below with suitable words provided!

Banned argue against ruin

Claim brain invent evidence

1. The experts ….steam engine before the world war II.

2. He becomes poor because gambling brought about his……….
3. Their play was….by the censor because it dangerous people.
4. Your right is that you can….either way, for or against.
5. The scientist must produce….in supporting his theories.
6. Is there a law…..spitting in the streets in this country?
7. The human…..is a complex organ.
8. Every citizen in a domestic country may….the protection of the law.
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Activity 5

The following paragraph is a piece of discussion text. Complete it with the words provided!

confirmed radiation discovered over

believe views scientists since

Maby people have strong………about our changing weather. In 1977, a group of people……there is a hole in the layer of gas called
ozone………the Antartic. ……. 1989 the presence of a second hole over the Arctic has been…… Some ……feel alarmed because the
ozone layer is the earth’s giant shield against ultra violet……and for millions of years it has remained unbroken. In addition, some
people……that global warming is creating climatic problems.

LINKED TO GRAMMAR

a. Causative Have or get

Read and try to understand the following information

Causative are main verbs that cause people to do things. Causative verbs include : make, get, have, let, help.
Look at the following sentences. Pay attention to their real meaning.

Statement The real meaning

1. He gets his father to walk while  He asks his father to walk while he
he rides. rides.
2. The man had his boy get off.  The man asked his boy to get off.
3. That lazy man made his poor little  That lazy man asked his poor little son
son trudge along to trudge along.
4. The bear makes me kill a buffalo  The bear forces me to kill a buffalo for
for his family. his family.
5. He won’t let me take even one  He doesn’t allow me to take even one
little drop of blood little drop of blood.

Main Points

Causative have or get is a form of sentence in which “have or get” has the meaning “menyuruh”. Pay attention
to the following pattern.

Active :

S + has/have + O1 + V1 + O2

Note O1 ( pelaku )
O2 ( penderita )

Example : The manhashis wifecookspecial food.

S has O1 V1 O2

Theyhavethe maidcleanthe floor.

S have O1 V1 O2

S + get + O1 + to V1 + O2
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Example : The mangetshis wifeto cookspecial food.
S gets O1 toV1 O2

Theygetthe maidto cleanthe floor.

S get O1 to V1 O2

See more examples:

Active

Object
Subject Main verbs Verb word Object
(person)
His mother Made him take his medicine
Let’s get Ralph to go with us
My English had us give oral report
teacher
His mother let him go to school
He helps me type my paper

Passive

S + has/have/get + O2 + V3 + (by O1)

Note: “by O1 can be omitted.”

Example: The manhas/getsspecial foodcooked (by his wife)

S has O2 V3
gets

Theyhave/getthe floorcleaned (by the maid)

S have O2 V3
get

See more examples:

Object
Subject Main verbs Verb word Complement
(Thing)
His mother Made his medicine taken (by him)
Let’s get our car fixed first.
My English had oral report given
teacher
I let this machine checked
He helped my paper typed

Activity 6

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Fill in the blanks with the right causative “have” or “get”!

1. I will………….someone repair the broken desks.

2. Sony………….Jatmiko to translate the text.
3. I………………the doctor take you into the hospital for observation.
4. Mother……….my younger sister buy some food in the supermarket.
5. He had……….his friends to chop some food.
6. He has……….someone decorate the nail.
7. The director……the secretary type the letter.
8. Andrew will……the tailor shorten his sleeves.
9. He……..the servant to wash dishes.
10. The instructor…….the player to run quickly.

Activity 1

Change the verbs in bracket into correct form of causative!

1. Father has my brother (buy) a pack of cigarettes.

2. We never get her (make) an appointment with her boss.

3. Did you have your house (repair) once a year?

4. My sister is going to have her trousers (lengthen).

5. I have just had the little boy (send) the letter.

6. Nobody had your uncle (check) his health.

7. If it rains again, I will have the roof (mend) by the plumber.

8. Will you get Billy (repair) your broken watch?

9. They went to have the wounded man (take) to the hospital.

10. Is it wise to get the meeting (postpone)?

Activity 2
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Change the following sentences into causative have or get by using active and passive!

1. Mother orders the servant to sweep the floor everyday.

2. Dina told the mechanic to repair her car yesterday.

3. The manager asks the designer to decorate the office next month.

4. We must order the laundry to wash our carpet.

5. Tell our neighbors to watch our house when we are a way!

6. Order someone to water the flowers.

7. We don’t tell translator to translate this English letter.

8. Why don’t you tell the tailor to mend your trousers?

9. He must tell the secretary to file the documents.

10. You should have asked the contractor to demolish the building.

CONJUCTION

1. Subordinate Conjunction

Study these sentences and the explanation below!

1. Although keris is claimed as the original Javanese handicraft, it can be found in many regions in
Indonesia.
2. Unless there is an action to preserve it, the mask dance will disappear.
3. The colors of woven fabric won’t be easy to fade away because it is dyed more than three times.
4. Since weaving fabrics are merely made by hand, the price will be very expensive.

The bold typed words in the sentences above show the use of subordinate conjunctions. Subordinate
conjunctions are used to join two sentences to be a meaningful sentence (to join a subordinate dependent clause
with a main clause).
The subordinate conjunctions are although, unless, because, and since.
Study these examples!
a. - Herman decided to take a course in Statistics.
- He didn’t like Mathematics.
He decided to take a course in Statistics although he didn’t like Mathematics.
b. - Cintya joins us.
- We won’t come to the party.
Unless Cintya joins us, we won’t come to the party.
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c. - Narumi came late to school.
- She missed her train this morning.
Narumi came late to school because she missed her train this morning.
d. - He gets good mark in Physics.
- He takes a private course.
He gets good mark in Physics since he takes a private course.

2. Contrast Conjunctions
Contrast conjunctions is a conjunction that connects ideas two simple sentences or two ideas in a paragraph as
shown in the following table.

Some students agree with the school rules.

Some others disagree about it.
However,
But,
Nevertheless,
In contrast,
On the contrary,
On the other hand.
Although
Even though
Though
Despite/ in spite of

Activity 9
Match the phrases in column A with the phrases in column B that they can make good and meaningful
sentences. Then rewrite them in the spaces provided!
A B
1. Although it rained a lot, a. although she smokes 20
cigarettes a day
2. Despite saying bad words last
night, b. even though I had all the
necessary qualification
3. In spite of working hard all
day, c. I didn’t get angry with
you
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 4. I didn’t get a job
d. We enjoyed our vacation
5. She seems quite healthy
e. He didn’t get enough
salary.
1.
1. Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.

2.----------------------------------------------------------

3.-----------------------------------------------------------

4.-----------------------------------------------------------

5.-----------------------------------------------------------

From these sentences, we know that:

Although

} are followed by ______________________________

Even though

In spite of

} are followed by ______________________________

Despite

Activity 10
Complete the sentences with “although/even though” or “in spite of/despite”

1. _________________ all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

2. _________________ I love music, I can’t play a musical instrument.
3. _______________ being very tired, we kept on walking.
4. ________________ the heat was turned all the way up, the house was still cold.
5. Keith decided to quit his job ………. I adviced him not to do so.

Activity 11

Complete the sentences using “Although + sentence’. See the example.

1. Although he worked overtime, he wasn’t particularly well paid.

2. Although _______________, I recognized him from a photograph.
3. I didn’t wear a raincoat ____________________.
4. We’d better invite her to the party _____________________.
5. ________________, I managed to make myself understand.
6. He was late _____________________.

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Activity 12

Rewrite the sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.

1. Although he’s got a French name, he is in fact an American. (despite)
Despite his French name, he is in fact an American.
2. In spite of her injured foot, she managed to walk home. (although)
3. I decided to accept the job although the salary was low. (in spite of)
4. I’ll keep doing the work although it may cause me a lot suffering. (however)
5. In spite of being very busy, we never forget to pray everyday. (although)
6. In spite of having eaten for 24 hours, I still feel hungry. (eventhough)
7. We lost the match although we were the better team. (despite)
8. It is impossible to finish the work. They still try hard to finish it. (even if)
9. He was trying to smile. He failed in his exams. (in spite of)
10. Tono attended his friend’s party. His mother was ill. (though)

Answer

2. Although her foot was injured, she managed to walk home.

3. In spite of the low salary, l decided to accept the job.
4. Whatever it cause me a lot suffering, I’ll keep doing the work.
5. No matter how busy we are, we never forget to pray everyday.
6. Eventhough we hadn’t eaten for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
7. Despite we were the better team, we lost the match.
8. Even if they still try hard, it is impossible to finish the work.
9. In spite of failing his exam, he was trying to smile.
10. Tono attended his friend’s party. His mother was ill, though.

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 ContohKalimat
Though

It is not a very attractive cake. It is delicious, though.

1 (Inibukankue yang tampaksangatmenarik. Meskipundemikiankueinilezat.)

The speaker was nervous. Only at the beginning of his presentation, though.
2 (Pembicaratersebutgugup. Namunhanyadipermulaanpresentasinya.)

He couldn’t see a path for his future career. He didn’t give up, though.
(Diatidakdapatmelihatjalanuntukkarir masa depannya.
3 Meskipundemikiandiatidakputusasa.)

4 The married couples work at the same job in the same department. They don’t

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 talk to each other very much while working, though.
(Pasanganmenikahituberkerjapadapekerjaan yang sama di departemen yang
sama. Meskipundemikian, merekatidakbicarabanyakkesatusama lain
selamabekerja.)

Did you taste gelato when you explored Italy? No, I’d like to, though.
(Apakahkamumencoba gelato ketikakamumenjelajah Italia? Tidak,
5 namunsayaingin.)
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