0799129268 ‫هيثم طه‬

Physics 101
0780938042 ‫أحمد العزام‬

‫أطلب المكمل‬

Version 3

Chapter 7
Energy of a System
Pages
25 out of 25

Done by :
References
Ahmad Al-Azzam - Physics for Scientists and
Engineers with Modern
Agricultural Engineering at JUST
Physics, Eighth Edition

Haitham Taha - Doctors Note

Civil Engineering at JUST - Past Years Questions

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 ‫‪0799129268‬‬ ‫هيثم طه‬ ‫‪0780938042‬‬ ‫أحمد العزام‬

‫قال تعالى ‪:‬‬

‫" قل هل يستوي الذين يعلمون والذين ال يعلمون إنما يتذكّر‬
‫أولوا األلباب "‬
‫ثالث شابتر بمادة السكند‬
‫عن الطاقة‬
‫شرحتوا بطريقة حلوة وسهلة بتفهمك المادة بكل بساطة انشاهلل أكون اني قدرت أفيدكم بهاد‬
‫الشرح أنا اعملت كلشي بقدر عليه منشان أفيدكم ‪ ...‬بالتوفيق للجميع‬

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‫كلمات كثيررررر مهمة الزم تكون عارفهم منشان تقدر تحل أي سؤال عن الشابتر‬

‫‪Work‬‬ ‫الشغل‬ ‫‪potential‬‬ ‫طاقة وضع‬

‫‪energy‬‬
‫‪rest‬‬ ‫سكون‬ ‫‪constant‬‬ ‫سرعة ثابتة‬
‫‪speed‬‬
‫‪kinetic energy‬‬ ‫طاقة حركية‬ ‫‪Thrown‬‬ ‫قذف‬
‫‪magnitude‬‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫‪rough‬‬ ‫سطح أفقي خشن‬
‫‪horizontal‬‬
‫‪surface‬‬
‫‪frictionless‬‬ ‫عديم اإلحتكاك‬ ‫‪smooth‬‬ ‫سطح أفقي ناعم‬
‫‪horizontal‬‬
‫‪surface‬‬
‫‪inclined‬‬ ‫مائل‬
‫‪angle‬‬ ‫زاوية‬

‫العظماء‪ ..‬هم أشخاص عاد ّيون ّ‬

‫طوروا قدراتهم ومجهوداتهم‬ ‫األشخاص‬

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‫‪Work done by a constant force‬‬

‫𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝒙∆ × 𝑭 = 𝑾‬ ‫قانون الشغل هو القوة ضرب اإلزاحة ضرب‬
‫𝒕𝒄𝒆𝒋𝒃𝒐 𝒆𝒉𝒕 𝒏𝒊 𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒉𝒕 𝒔𝑰 ∶ 𝑭‬ ‫‪ Cos‬الزاوية ما بين القوة واتجاه االزاحة‬

‫𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒔𝒊𝒅 𝒆𝒉𝒕 𝒔𝑰 ∶ 𝒙∆‬ ‫* إذا ما كان معطيني زاوية بالسؤال بنعتبر‬

‫الزاوية بتساوي صفر‬
‫‪The Work is a scalar quantity‬‬
‫وحدة الشغل هي ‪ Joule‬بتختصر لـ ‪J‬‬
‫الشغل كمية قياسية‬

‫‪Ex : Find the work in following figures :‬‬

‫) ‪A‬‬

‫𝑵𝟎𝟐 = 𝑭‬ ‫𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝒙∆ × 𝑭 = 𝑾‬

‫𝟎 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝟒 × 𝟎𝟐 = 𝑾‬
‫= 𝒙∆‬
‫𝒎𝟒‬ ‫𝑱 𝟎𝟖 = 𝑾‬

‫)‪B‬‬

‫𝑵𝟎𝟐 = 𝑭‬ ‫𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝒙∆ × 𝑭 = 𝑾‬

‫= 𝒙∆‬ ‫𝟎𝟖𝟏 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝟒 × 𝟎𝟐 = 𝑾‬

‫𝒎𝟒‬
‫𝑱 𝟎𝟖 ‪𝑾 = −‬‬
‫)‪C‬‬ ‫𝑵𝟎𝟐 = 𝑭‬

‫𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝒙∆ × 𝑭 = 𝑾‬

‫𝟎𝟗 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝟒 × 𝟎𝟐 = 𝑾‬
‫= 𝒙∆‬
‫𝒎𝟒‬ ‫𝑱𝟎=𝑾‬

‫𝑵𝟎𝟐 = 𝑭‬
‫)‪D‬‬ ‫𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 × 𝒙∆ × 𝑭 = 𝑾‬
‫‪𝟑𝟕°‬‬ ‫‪𝑾 = 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟒 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟕°‬‬

‫= 𝒙∆‬ ‫𝑱 𝟒𝟔 = 𝑾‬
‫𝒎𝟒‬
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𝑾 = 𝑭 × ∆𝒙 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

∑ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕
‫قوانين نيوتن بالحركة يلي مروا معنا‬ 𝟏
‫بالفيرست خليك متذكرهم كثير منيح‬ ∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐

𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝒗𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐𝒂∆𝒙

𝒗𝒇 + 𝒗 𝒊
∆𝒙 = ( )𝒕
Review 𝟐

Dot product :

The scalar product of two vectors (A) and (B) is a scalar quantity :

⃗𝑨
⃗ . ⃗𝑩
⃗ = |𝑨||𝑩| 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

If vector 𝑨
⃗⃗ = 𝑨𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑨𝒚 𝒋 + 𝑨𝒛 𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑩
⃗⃗ = 𝑩𝒙 𝒊 + 𝑩𝒚 𝒋 + 𝑩𝒛 𝒌 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶

⃗𝑨
⃗ . ⃗𝑩
⃗ = 𝑨𝒙 𝑩𝒙 + 𝑨𝒚 𝑩𝒚 + 𝑨𝒛 𝑩𝒛

𝒊. 𝒊 = 𝒋. 𝒋 = 𝒌. 𝒌 = 𝟏 ‫يعني المتشابهات بنضربوا‬

𝒊. 𝒋 = 𝒋. 𝒌 = 𝒌. 𝒊 = 𝟎 ‫يعني الغير المتشابهات ما بنضربوا‬

Ex : A force is applied on an object of 5 kg at rest, It velocity is 20 m/s

after 2 s. Find the work ?

Answer : 𝟏
∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 + 𝒂𝒕
𝟏
𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎 + 𝟐𝒂 ∆𝒙 = 𝟎 + ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟒
𝟐
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 ∆𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎

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∑ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂

𝑭 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵 F

𝑾 = 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒙 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

𝑾 = 𝟓𝟎 ∗ 𝟐𝟎 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟎

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑱

Ex : A force (𝑭⃗ = (𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟒𝒋̂ + 𝒌̂ )𝑵) acts on a particle that undergoes a

displacement (∆𝒓
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ − 𝟑𝒌̂ )𝒎). Find :

1. The work done by the force on the particle

2. The angle between F and ∆𝒓

Answer :

1. 𝑾 = 𝑭. ∆𝒓

𝑾 = 𝟔 − 𝟖 − 𝟑 = −𝟓 𝑱

2. 𝑾 = 𝑭. ∆𝒓. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

|𝑭| = √𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏 = 𝟓. 𝟏 𝑵

|∆𝒓| = √𝟒 + 𝟒 + 𝟗 = 𝟒. 𝟏

−𝟓 = 𝟓. 𝟏 ∗ 𝟒. 𝟏 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
−𝟓
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟒
𝟐𝟎. 𝟗𝟏
𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 −𝟏(−𝟎. 𝟐𝟒) = 𝟏𝟎𝟒°

Work done by a varying force

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* consider particle being displaced along (x-axis) under action of the force
that varies with position the work done by this force to move the particle
from 𝒙𝒊 to 𝒙𝒇 is : 𝑭

𝒙
𝑾 = ∫𝒙 𝒇 𝑭 𝒅𝒙
𝒊 𝐖

𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 = 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆

𝒙𝒊 𝒙𝒇 𝒙
: ‫خلي هدول القوانين ببالك‬

‫ نصف القاعدة * اإلرتفاع‬: ‫مساحة المثلث تساوي‬

‫ الطول * العرض‬: ‫مساحة المستطيل تساوي‬

Ex : A particle is subject to a force 𝑭𝒙 that varies with position as shown

in the figure. 𝑭𝒙 (𝑵)

𝟒𝟎

𝟐𝟎
𝒙 (𝒎)
𝟎 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 𝟏𝟎

−𝟐𝟎

Find the total work done by the force on the particle over the distance
from (𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 ).
𝑭𝒙 (𝑵)
Answer : 𝟒𝟎

𝟏 𝟐𝟎 𝟐
𝟏∶𝑾= ∗𝒙∗𝑭 𝟏 𝟑
𝟐 𝒙 (𝒎)
𝟎 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
𝑾= ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎 𝑱 −𝟐𝟎
𝟐
𝟐∶𝑾 =𝒙∗𝑭

𝑾 = 𝟒 ∗ 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑱
𝟏
𝟑∶ 𝑾= ∗𝒙∗𝑭
𝟐
𝟏
𝑾= ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎 𝑱
𝟐
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𝟏
𝟒∶ 𝑾= ∗𝒙∗𝑭
𝟐
𝟏
𝑾= ∗ 𝟐 ∗ −𝟐𝟎 = −𝟐𝟎 𝑱
𝟐
𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑾𝟏 + 𝑾𝟐 + 𝑾𝟑 + 𝑾𝟒

𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝑱

Force is a function of position

𝑾𝑭 = ∫ 𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + ∫ 𝑭𝒚 𝒅𝒚 + ∫ 𝑭𝒛 𝒅𝒛 + ∫ 𝑭𝒓 𝒅𝒓

Ex : If 𝑭 = 𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓 + 𝟏, Calculate work from 𝒓 = 𝟎 to 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎 .

Answer :
𝟏𝟎 Review :
𝑾= ∫𝟎 (𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓 + 𝟏) 𝒅𝒓
𝒙𝒏+𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟏. ∫ 𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 =
𝒏+𝟏
𝑾 = 𝒓𝟑 − 𝒓𝟐 + 𝒓
𝟎
𝟐. ∫ 𝒏 𝒅𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 = 𝒏𝒙
𝑾 = (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎) − (𝟎)

𝑾 = 𝟗𝟏𝟎 𝑱

Work done by a Spring

* When we connect a block with a spring and compress it a distance from
its equilibrium, it exerts on the block a force known as Hooke's law, given
as :

𝑭𝒔 = −𝒌𝒙

‫ فإنه يبذل على الكتلة قوة تعرف باسم قانون هوك‬،‫عندما نربط كتلة مع الزنبرك ونضغطه على مسافة من توازنه‬

* The negative sign signifies that the force exerted by the spring is always
directed opposite to the displacement from equilibrium .

‫تدل اإلشارة السالبة إلى أن القوة التي يبذلها الزنبرك تكون موجهة دائما عكس اإلزاحة‬

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* The work done by the spring force on the block : 𝑭𝒂𝒑𝒑 𝑭𝒔

𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒔 = 𝒌𝒙𝒊 𝟐 − 𝒌𝒙𝒇 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝒊 = −𝒙𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒙𝒇 = 𝟎
* The work done by the applied force on the system :
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒂𝒑𝒑 = 𝒌𝒙𝒇 𝟐 − 𝒌𝒙𝒊 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

Ex : When (𝟒 𝒌𝒈) object it hung vertically on a certain light spring, the

spring stretches (𝟐. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎). If the (𝟒 𝒌𝒈) object is removed :

1. How far will the spring stretch if a (𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈) block is hung on it ?

2. How much work must an external agent do to stretch the same spring
(𝟒 𝒄𝒎) from its unscratched position ?

Answer :

1. 𝑭 = 𝒌𝒚

𝒎𝒈 = 𝒌 ∗ (𝟐. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 )
(𝟒)(𝟏𝟎)
𝒌=
(𝟐. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 )

𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝒎

𝑭 = 𝒌𝒚
𝑭 𝒎𝒈 𝟏. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝒚= = =
𝒌 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝟏
2. 𝑾 = 𝒌𝒚𝟐
𝟐

𝟏
𝑾= (𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎)(𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 )𝟐
𝟐
𝑾 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟖 𝑱

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Kinetic energy and the work-Energy Theorem

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬

∆𝑲. 𝑬 = 𝑲. 𝑬𝒇 − 𝑲. 𝑬𝒊

𝟏 𝟏
∆𝑲. 𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊 = 𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕
𝟐 𝟐

The Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity

( 𝑱 ) ‫الطاقة الحركية كمية قياسية وتقاس بوحدة جول‬

Ex : A body of mass 6 kg slides on a rough horizontal surface 𝝁𝒔 =

𝟎. 𝟒 , 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓. If it start from rest and moves 3m to right under the
influence of a force 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑵 Find it final velocity .

1 ) Using Newton's low approach .

2 ) Using work energy theorem .

Answer :
N
1 ) ∑ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂

𝑭 − 𝒇𝒌 = 𝒎𝒂
𝑭
𝒇𝒌
𝒇 𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 ∗ 𝑵
𝟑𝒎
𝑵 = 𝒎𝒈 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑵
mg 𝒗𝒊 = 𝟎
𝒇𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 ∗ 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟗 𝐍

𝑭 − 𝒇𝒌 = 𝒎𝒂

𝟏𝟐 − 𝟗 = 𝟔𝒂

𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝒗𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐𝒂∆𝒙

𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝟎 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟑 = 𝟑

𝒗𝒇 = √𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟕 𝒎/𝒔

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2) 𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬
𝟏 𝟏
∑ 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒙 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
𝟑∗𝟑= ∗ 𝟔 ∗ 𝒗𝟐𝒇
𝟐
𝟗 = 𝟑𝒗𝟐𝒇

𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝟑

𝒗𝒇 = √𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟕 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : A body of mass 6 kg has an initial velocity 𝒗𝒊 = (𝟔𝒊 − 𝟖𝒋) 𝒎/𝒔 Find the
net work done as it is velocity becomes 𝒗𝒇 = (𝟏𝟎𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋) 𝒎/𝒔 .

Answer :

𝒗𝟐𝒊 = 𝒗𝒊 . 𝒗𝒊 = (𝟔𝒊 − 𝟖𝒋). (𝟔𝒊 − 𝟖𝒋)

𝒗𝟐𝒊 = 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝒗𝒇 . 𝒗𝒇 = (𝟏𝟎𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋). (𝟏𝟎𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋)

𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∗ 𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 − ∗ 𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟑𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑱

Ex : In the figure Find the velocity final if :

𝐍
𝒇𝒌
𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟐

𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝟔 𝒌𝒈 𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟕°

𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟕°
𝟑𝟕°
𝒗𝒊 = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔 𝟒𝒎

𝒎𝒈 = 𝟔𝟎𝑵
𝟑𝟕°
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Answer :

∑ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂

𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟕° − 𝒇𝒌 = 𝟔𝒂

𝒇 𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 ∗ 𝑵

𝑵 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟕° = 𝟒𝟖 𝑵

𝒇𝒌 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐 = 𝟗. 𝟔 𝑵

𝟑𝟔 − 𝟗. 𝟔 = 𝟔𝒂

𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
∑ 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒙 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇
𝟐

𝟏
𝟒. 𝟒 ∗ 𝟔 ∗ 𝟒 = ∗ 𝟔 ∗ 𝒗𝟐𝒇
𝟐
𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟐

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟓. 𝟗 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : A 2.0 kg object slides down a frictionless inclined plane from point A

to point B . A force (magnitude F=3.0N ) acts on the object between A
and B , as shown . The displacement between A and B is 2.0m . If the
kinetic energy of the block at A is 10J , What is the kinetic energy of the
object B ? 𝐍
𝑨 𝐅

𝟐𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎°
𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎°
𝟑𝟎°
𝑩
𝒎𝒈 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑵

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Answer :

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∑ 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒙 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = (𝟐𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° − 𝟑) ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟎°

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = (𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑) ∗ 𝟐

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑱

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑲. 𝑬𝑩 − 𝑲. 𝑬𝑨

𝟏𝟒 = 𝑲. 𝑬𝑩 − 𝟏𝟎

𝑲. 𝑬𝑩 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑱

Ex : In the figure shown, If the force 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵 and the angle is (𝜽 = 𝟑𝟕°)

, calculate the work done by force to move the mass from A to B ?

𝑭
𝜽

𝑨 𝟐𝒎
𝑩

Answer :

𝑾 = 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒙 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 ‫دائما باخد الزاوية بين القوة واالزاحة‬

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝟑° 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎 − 𝟑𝟕 = 𝟓𝟑°

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑱

Ex : In the figure shown, if (𝒎 = 𝟒𝒌𝒈, 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟑) Find : 𝑭𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎𝑵

𝑭𝟑 = 𝟒𝟎𝑵
1. The work due to each force
𝟑𝟕° 𝟔𝟎° 𝑭𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝑵
𝒎
2. Total work
𝒅 = 𝟐𝒎
3. If the initial velocity is zero, find the final velocity

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‫‪Answer :‬‬
‫𝑵‬

‫‪𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎°‬‬

‫𝒌𝒇‬ ‫𝑵𝟎𝟑 = 𝟐𝑭‬

‫𝒈𝒌 𝟒‬ ‫‪𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟕°‬‬
‫‪𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎°‬‬
‫𝒎𝟐 = 𝒅‬
‫‪𝟒𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟕°‬‬

‫𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝟏𝑭 = 𝟏𝑭𝑾 ‪1.‬‬ ‫𝟎𝟒 = 𝒈𝒎‬

‫𝟎 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ )‪𝑾𝑭𝟏 = (𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎°‬‬

‫𝑱 𝟎𝟔 = 𝟏𝑭𝑾‬

‫𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝟐𝑭 = 𝟐𝑭𝑾‬

‫𝟎 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎𝟑 = 𝟐𝑭𝑾‬

‫𝑱 𝟎𝟔 = 𝟐𝑭𝑾‬

‫𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝟑𝑭 = 𝟑𝑭𝑾‬

‫𝟎 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ )‪𝑾𝑭𝟑 = (𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟕°‬‬

‫𝑱 𝟒𝟔 = 𝟑𝑭𝑾‬

‫𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝒌𝒇 = 𝒌𝒇𝑾‬

‫𝑵 ∗ 𝒌𝝁 = 𝒌 𝒇‬

‫𝟎𝟒 ‪𝑵 + 𝟔𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟕 +‬‬

‫𝑵 𝟐𝟏 = 𝑵‬

‫𝑵 𝟔 ‪𝒇𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑.‬‬

‫‪𝑾𝒇𝒌 = 𝟑. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟖𝟎°‬‬

‫𝑱 𝟐 ‪𝑾𝒇𝒌 = −𝟕.‬‬

‫𝒌𝒇𝑾 ‪2. 𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑾𝑭𝟏 + 𝑾𝑭𝟐 + 𝑾𝑭𝟑 +‬‬

‫𝑱 𝟖 ‪𝑾𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟔𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎 + 𝟔𝟒 − 𝟕. 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔.‬‬

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3. 𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
𝟏𝟕𝟔. 𝟖 = ∗ 𝟒 ∗ 𝒗𝒇 𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟒

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟗. 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : In the figure shown, If (𝒎 = 𝟒 𝒌𝒈, 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟒, 𝒗𝒊 = 𝟎), Find the final

velocity.

𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎𝒙
𝒎
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎

Answer : 𝑵

𝒇𝒌 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎𝒙
𝟒 𝒌𝒈

𝒙=𝟎 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎

𝒎𝒈 = 𝟒𝟎
𝟏𝟎

𝑾𝑭 = ∫ 𝟏𝟎𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟎

𝟏𝟎
𝑾𝑭 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐
𝟎
𝑾𝑭 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑱

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = 𝒇𝒌 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

𝒇 𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 ∗ 𝑵

𝒇𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟒 ∗ 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑵

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = −𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑱

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𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔𝟎 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝑱

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
𝟑𝟒𝟎 = ∗ 𝟒 ∗ 𝒗𝒇 𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟏𝟑 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : In the figure shown, If (𝒎 = 𝟒 𝒌𝒈, 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝒎, 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟒, 𝒗𝒊 = 𝟎),

Find the final velocity.
𝑭𝒔
𝒎
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒄𝒎

Answer : 𝑵

𝑭𝒔
𝒇𝒌
𝟒 𝒌𝒈
𝒙=𝟎 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒄𝒎

𝒎𝒈 = 𝟒𝟎 𝑵
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒔 = 𝒌𝒙𝒊 𝟐 − 𝒌𝒙𝒇 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
𝑾𝒔 = (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 )𝟐
𝟐
𝑾𝒔 = 𝟐 𝑱

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = 𝒇𝒌 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

𝒇 𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 ∗ 𝑵

𝒇𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟒 ∗ 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑵

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = 𝟏𝟔 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 ) ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟖𝟎°

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 𝑱

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟐 − 𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝑱
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𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝑲. 𝑬
𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 = ∗ 𝟒 ∗ 𝒗𝒇 𝟐
𝟐
𝒗𝒇 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐 𝒎/𝒔

Ex : The block shown in the figure is moving with constant speed of 𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
to the right. Find the work done by the kinetic friction over 2m distance.

𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵

Answer :

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = −𝒇𝒌 ∗ ∆𝒙

∑𝑭 = 𝟎 ) constant speed ( ‫ألنه تحرك بسرعة ثابتة‬

𝑭 − 𝒇𝒌 = 𝟎

𝒇𝒌 = 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵

𝑾𝒇𝒌 = −𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟐 = −𝟐𝟎 𝑱

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‫‪Potential energy of a system‬‬

‫‪The Potential energy is a scalar quantity‬‬

‫طاقة الوضع كمية قياسية وتقاس بوحدة جول ) 𝑱 (‬

‫إذا تم نقل الجسم من النقطة )𝑨(‬

‫𝒇𝒚‬ ‫𝑩‬
‫الى النقطة )𝑩( بسرعة ثابتة فان‬
‫)𝟎 = 𝒂( وكذلك )𝟎 = 𝑭 ∑( أي‬
‫أن ‪:‬‬ ‫𝒚∆ 𝑭‬
‫𝒈𝒎 = 𝑭‬

‫𝒊𝒚‬
‫𝑨‬
‫𝐡 = 𝐲∆‬
‫𝒈𝒎‬

‫𝒉𝒈𝒎‪𝑾𝒃𝒚 𝑭 = 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒚 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝑭 ∗ ∆𝒚 = +‬‬

‫من )𝑨( الى )𝑩( ‪UP‬‬
‫‪𝑾𝒃𝒚 𝒎𝒈 = 𝒎𝒈 ∗ ∆𝒚 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = −𝒎𝒈 ∗ ∆𝒚 = −𝒎𝒈𝒉°‬‬

‫) 𝒊𝑬 ‪𝑾𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚𝑨−𝑩 = −(𝑷. 𝑬𝒇 − 𝑷.‬‬

‫𝑬 ‪𝑾𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚𝑨−𝑩 = −∆𝑷.‬‬

‫و إلعادة الجسم من )𝐁( الى )𝑨( فإن ‪:‬‬

‫𝒉𝒈𝒎‪𝑾𝒃𝒚 𝑭 = −‬‬
‫من )𝑩( الى )𝑨( ‪Down‬‬
‫‪𝑾𝒃𝒚 𝒎𝒈 = +𝒎𝒈𝒉°‬‬

‫) 𝒊𝑬 ‪𝑾𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚𝑩−𝑨 = (𝑷. 𝑬𝒇 − 𝑷.‬‬

‫𝑬 ‪𝑾𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚𝑩−𝑨 = ∆𝑷.‬‬

‫𝒊𝑼 ‪𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑼𝒇 −‬‬

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Elastic potential Energy

* The elastic potential energy function associated with the block-spring

system is defined by:

𝟏 𝟐
𝑼𝒔 = 𝒌𝒙
𝟐

Ex : How much work is done by a person lifting a (𝟐 𝒌𝒈) object from the
bottom of a well at a constant speed of (𝟐 𝒎/𝒔) for (𝟓 𝒔) ?

Answer :

𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝒉
𝟐= → 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎
𝟓
‫الحركة ألعلى فإن شغل القوة الخارجية موجب‬

𝑾𝑭 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑱

Ex : In the figure shown, the work done by the gravitational force to move
a (𝟑 𝒌𝒈) block from point A to point B with constant speed . 𝑩

𝒅=𝟔𝒎
𝒉
Answer :
𝑨 𝟑𝟎°
‫المقابل‬
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
‫الوتر‬
𝒉
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° = → 𝒉=𝟑𝒎
𝟔
: ‫الحركة ألعلى والمطلوب شغل الجاذبية وهو سالب‬

𝑾𝒈 = −𝒎𝒈𝒉 = −𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟑

𝑾𝒈 = −𝟗𝟎 𝑱

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Ex : The work done on an object by a single conservative force as the
object moves from point A to point B is – 40 J. If the potential energy
associated with the force at point A is +70 J, what is the potential
energy at point B?

Answer :

𝑾 = −(𝑷. 𝑬𝑩 − 𝑷. 𝑬𝑨 )

𝑾 = 𝑷. 𝑬𝑨 − 𝑷. 𝑬𝑩

−𝟒𝟎 = 𝟕𝟎 − 𝑷. 𝑬𝑩

𝑷. 𝑬𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝑱

Ex : A 1.5kg block is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface

when a horizontal force along an x-axis is applied to the block. The force
is given by 𝑭(𝒙) = (𝟐. 𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝒊̂ 𝑵, Where x is in meters and the initial position
of the block is 𝒙 = 𝟎. What is the kinetic energy of the block at 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒎 ?

Answer :
𝒙𝒇

𝑾 = ∫ (𝟐. 𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝒊

𝒙𝟑 𝟐
𝑾 = [(𝟐. 𝟓𝒙 − )]
𝟑 𝟎

𝟐𝟑
𝑾 = (𝟐. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟐) − ( ) = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 𝑱
𝟑

𝑾 = 𝑲𝒇 − 𝑲𝒊

𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 = 𝑲𝒇 − 𝟎 → 𝑲𝒇 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 𝑱

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Ex : If the shown block is sliding at constant speed then the work done by
the normal force is : ( m=5 kg , h= 2m )
m
Answer :
𝒉
𝟑𝟎°

𝑾 = 𝑵 ∗ 𝒅 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝑵
𝑾 = 𝑵 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟗𝟎° 𝒅

𝑾=𝟎𝑱 𝒉 𝒎𝒈 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎° 𝒎𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎°

𝟑𝟎°

𝒎𝒈

Ex : A 2 kg block slides down a frictionless incline with constant speed

under the force F (see figure). Find the work done by F if it slides 5
meters?
𝒎
𝑭
𝟑𝟕°

Answer :
𝑾𝒃𝒚 𝑭 = −𝒎𝒈𝒉

𝑾 = −𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝒉

‫المقابل‬
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
‫الوتر‬
𝒉
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟕° = → 𝒉=𝟑𝒎
𝟓
𝑾 = −𝟐𝟎 ∗ 𝟑 = −𝟔𝟎 𝑱

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 0799129268 ‫هيثم طه‬ 0780938042 ‫أحمد العزام‬
Ex : Two balls, A and B, with mass mB = 4 mA, are raised to a height h,
both with constant velocity, but the velocity of B is twice the velocity of
A. The work done by the gravitational force on ball B is

Answer :

𝑾 = 𝑷. 𝑬

𝑾𝑨 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒈𝒚𝑨

𝑾𝑩 = 𝒎𝑩 𝒈𝒚𝑩

𝑾𝑩 = 𝟒𝒎𝑨 𝒈𝒚𝑩
𝑾𝑨 𝒎𝑨 𝒈𝒚𝑨
=
𝑾𝑩 𝟒𝒎𝑨 𝒈𝒚𝑩

𝑾𝑨 𝟏
=
𝑾𝑩 𝟒

𝑾𝑩 = 𝟒𝑾𝑨

Four times the work done on ball A

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Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces

Conservative force

* The work it does on a particle moving between two points independent of

the path the particle takes between the two points

* The work done by a conservative force over closed path is Zero

‫شغل القوة المحافظة على المسار المغلق يساوي صفر‬

Examples of conservative forces :

- The gravitational force

- The force that on ideal spring

exerts on any attached to the
spring .

𝑾𝒄 = 𝑼𝒊 − 𝑼𝒇

Non-Conservative force

* The work it does on a particle moving between two points depends on the
path of the particle
Examples of Non-conservative
forces :

- The work done against the force

of kinetic friction depends on the
path taken

* Non-conservative forces acting on a system cause a change in mechanical

energy of the system, where mechanical energy is :

𝑬𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 = 𝑲 + 𝑼

𝑲 ∶ 𝒊𝒔 𝑲𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚

𝑼 ∶ 𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚

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The relationship between conservative force and P.E
𝒙𝒇

𝑼𝒇 − 𝑼𝒊 = − ∫ 𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝒊

Ex : A mass moves under the influence of a potential energy given by 𝑼(𝒙) =

𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙. At the point 𝒙 = 𝟏, the force on the mass will be :

Answer :
𝒙
𝑼𝒇 − 𝑼𝒊 = − ∫𝒙 𝒇 𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒊

𝒅𝑼 U ‫ نشتق‬F ‫ وطلب منا‬U ‫دائما إذا أعطانا‬

𝑭𝒙 = −
𝒅𝒙 ‫ونضرب بسالب‬
𝑭𝒙 = −(𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)

At 𝒙 = 𝟏 ∶ → 𝑭(𝟏) = −(𝟔(𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟏) = −𝟓 𝑵

Ex : The potential energy of a 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒌𝒈 particle moving along the x-axis is

given by 𝑼(𝒙) = 𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 where U in Joules and x in meters. When the
particle is at 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎, What will be its acceleration ?

Answer :

𝒅𝑼
𝑭𝒙 = −
𝒅𝒙

𝑭𝒙 = −(𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒙)

At 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 ∶ → 𝑭(𝟏𝟎) = − (𝟏𝟔(𝟏𝟎)𝟐 − 𝟖(𝟏𝟎)) = −𝟖𝟎 𝑵

∑ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂

−𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒂

𝒂 = −𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
‫أطلبوا المكمل‬

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‫‪Law review‬‬
‫𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 × 𝒙∆ × 𝑭 = 𝑾‬

‫𝒕𝒂 ‪𝒗𝒇 = 𝒗𝒊 +‬‬

‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕𝒂 ‪∆𝒙 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝒙∆𝒂𝟐 ‪𝒗𝟐𝒇 = 𝒗𝟐𝒊 +‬‬

‫𝒊𝒗 ‪𝒗𝒇 +‬‬

‫( = 𝒙∆‬ ‫𝒕)‬
‫𝟐‬

‫𝒂𝒎 = 𝑭 ∑‬

‫𝑩 ‪⃗⃗ .‬‬
‫𝑨‬ ‫𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 |𝑩||𝑨| = ⃗⃗‬
‫𝒇𝒙‬

‫𝒙𝒅 𝑭 ∫ = 𝑾‬
‫𝒊𝒙‬

‫𝒓𝒅 𝒓𝑭 ∫ ‪𝑾𝑭 = ∫ 𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + ∫ 𝑭𝒚 𝒅𝒚 + ∫ 𝑭𝒛 𝒅𝒛 +‬‬

‫𝒙𝒌 = 𝒔𝑭‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫= 𝒔𝑾‬ ‫𝟐 𝒇𝒙𝒌 ‪𝒌𝒙𝒊 𝟐 −‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫= 𝒑𝒑𝒂𝑾‬ ‫𝟐 𝒊𝒙𝒌 ‪𝒌𝒙𝒇 𝟐 −‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫= 𝑬 ‪∆𝑲.‬‬ ‫𝒕𝒆𝒏𝑾 = 𝒊𝟐𝒗𝒎 ‪𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒇 −‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝑬 ‪𝑾𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 = −∆𝑷.‬‬

‫𝒊𝑼 ‪𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑼𝒇 −‬‬

‫𝒚𝒈𝒎 = 𝑬 ‪𝑷.‬‬
‫𝟐 𝟏‬
‫= 𝒔𝑼‬ ‫𝒙𝒌‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝒙‬
‫𝒙𝒅 𝒙𝑭 𝒇 𝒙∫ ‪𝑼𝒇 − 𝑼𝒊 = −‬‬
‫𝒊‬

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