WHO WAS TO BLAME FOR THE COLD WAR

ALLIES AGAINST HITLER

Usa ,B and USSR→allies in WW2
USSR-_>communist country→B and USA feared communism
got into alliance to defeat germany→don't like each other

DIFFERING WORLD VIEWS

clash ideas between communism and capitalism→strong national pride and
sense of identification
● americans believe that way of life was the best proud of the us role
against G
● soviets proud of their role on defeating G and believed that their way
of life was the easiest

THE USA THE USSR

capitalists->business and property communisme→industry ruined by

private owned the gov

democracy→gov chosen in free one party system

democratic elections dictatorship→leaders elected but all
candidate wee from com party

wealthiest country→extremes very economic superpower→industry

eakth very poor growth
standard of living much lower than
usa but unemployment and extreme
poverty rarer than ussa

free control more important than rights of individuals less important

being equals than good of society

believe countries should run in the believe countries should run in the
“American Way” “Communist Wat”

people alarmed bc it spread com thought to encourage com rev

revolution worldwide

policis seeing as doing the right saw usa actions as selfishly weeknd
thing→not to serve us interests an economic empire and political
 influence

SUPERPOWERS
usa and ussr emerged as the world superpowers after ww2
B and F relegated to 2nd tier
roosevelt against isolation policy→opposed communism
reject diattors

YALTA CONFERENCE ,FEBRUARY 1945

G losing the war→allied leaders reunited at yalta to plan what happens after
went well->B3 agreed on several terms

AGREEMENTS AT YALTA
stalin agreed to enter the war Gared divide germany into
against japan after G defests four:American,French;British and
JAPANA Soviet
GERMANY

countries liberated from germany B3 agreed to join United Union to

would run elections and decide the keep peace after the war
gov they want UNITED NATIONS
ELECTIONS

hunta down war criminal soviet union->29M caulsties

responsible for the genocide
WAR CRIMINALS
stalin feared a euro tack
agreed that Eastern europe would
be seen As Soviet sphere of
Influence
EASTERN EUROPE

DISAGREEMENT AT YALTA
only real disagreement was about poland
● Stalin wanted to move westward the border of pOland with the
USSR→Poland could move westward on G
● Churchill disagree→not very much to do→red army control of poland
and eastern europe
 ● roosevelt unhappy for stalin plans—>churchill persuaded to accept it
as long as USSR did not move on greece->B was attempting
communism take over→stalin accepted
POTSDAM CONFERENCE, JULY 1945
3 months after yalta
allies won <g surrendered and huterk suicide
second conference arrange->some changes from

CHANGES FROM YALTA

1. Stakin armies were occupying Eastern Europe
liberated countries-_>stalin left the troops
people ran from counties fearing a communist takeover
elected a communist leader in poland although polish desires of
not
stalin said it was defensive measures
2.American new leader
roosevelt dies→truman replaces
more anti-communist
suspicious of stalin
saw soviet actions as preparation for soviet takeover of eastern
europe
3.Allies tested an atomic bomb
usa successfully tested an atomic bomb and informed to stalin

STALIN Y TRUMAN
half way through in B there were elections→churchill defeated
atlee assumes

DISAGREEMENT AT POTSDAM
● GERMANY:Stalin wanted to cripple germany and truman wanted to
avoid the same mistakes committed in tov
● stalin wanted G to pay reparations→truman resided the demand→not
want to repeat same mistakes in tov
● stalin had the persimmon to set prop soviets gov→truman got angry

HOW DID THE USSR GAIN CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE

IRON CURTAIN
AFTER POTSDAM
stalin achieved the domination of eastern europe
countries in eu had communist leaders
border between communist countries and the west was called Iron Curtain

STALIN STRENGTHENS HIS GRIP

Stalin used the secret police to catch anyone who possessed communist rule

COMINFORM
set up cominform to coordinate the work of communist leaders of eastern
europe
bring leader at moscow and to stalin and his ministers
allowed stalin to keep an eye on them

HOW DID THE USA REACT TO SOVIET EXPANSION

Western power→alarmed by stalin takeover of eastern europe
not expected completely soviet domination→felt it was possible to have
democratic countries and frienndly to ussr
stalin said it was for protection→reality spread of communism

GREECE 1947
German retreated from greece→two groups wanted to rule country
Communists and Monarchists
com wanted greece to be a soviet republic
monarchs wanted to return the king
B sends troops to support the morchist→king to power
communis tried to seize to power→civil war
américa intervens
royal maints the power->weak gov

TRUMAN DOCTRINE
usa wa prepared to send,money and troops to any country that was
threatened by communism
accepted that eastern was com
not wanted to spread even more

MARSHALL PLAN
Truman believed that communism succeeded in people that faced poverty
and hardship
truman assessed the europe economy→found a ruined economy
europe owned 11.5B to usa
shortage of food and coal
marshall said that 17B was needed to repair the economy
Truman put his plan to rebuild the europe economy→firstly reject the
accepted
american cornec in truman involvement ion europe affista dn that it was a
lot of money

CZECH SLOVAKIA
1948
ruled by a coalition gov→may different ideas
communism came down in 1948→anti communist were purged and a
american minister was found dead
after this the congress immediately accepted the Marshall plan

MARSHALL AID
extremely generous act from usa and had also self interest
● USA wanted new markets for american goods→want to prevent
another world slump(depression of 30s)
● aid only to countries that embrace democracy and free market→usa
approved
stalin viewed that aid suspicious→forbade country in EU to apply to it
felt that USA wanted to dominate as much countries as possible

THE BERLIN BLOCKADE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

The disturbs between usa and ussr increases
both side increased thor stocks of weapons and war propaganda star
circulation
on every opportunity they had they denounce the plan or policy sof the
other

THE PROBLEM OF GERMANY

Usan plan wa to remove all G industry→make an agriculture county→not to
enter in a modern way anymore
the truman concerned about the ussr thought a strong G would be a gould
ally
also if no industry in G, million would starve
in 1946 us,B na d >F zones combine to form west germany

STALIN BLOCKADES BERLÍN

Stalin fletch that he had to show western that he would response if they
entered the soviet sphere of influence
In 1948 stalin blacked the supply lines that connected wester and easter
berlin
if usa entered it would be seen as act of war

THE BERLIN AIRLIFT

As a result of the blockade usa decide to supply west germany by planes
people expected stalin to shot the planes→act of war
never happened
stalin lift lockade in 1949

CONSEQUENCES OF THE BERLIN BLOCKADE

● powerful symbol:Berlin became a powerful symbol of the cold
war
in usa it was see as democratic freedom in the middle of
communist repression and if the ussr it was a cancer that was
growing in the paradise of EG
● cold war flashpoint: only place were us and ussr troops face directly
● cold war patterns of thinking and acting: no direct contact between
each other. Fight a proxy war: use propaganda against the other and
help any group or individual that is posed to the other one

NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT

Western power reunited to from new organization nato
western germany allowed to enter→as a response soviet countries formed
the warsaw pact