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1) Groove welds
2) Fillet welds
3) Plug and slot welds
Fillet Weld
FIG. 56 Plug and slot welds FIG. 57 Arc spot and arc seam welds
Surfacing Welds
In terms of efficiency:
complete joint penetration groove welds (CJP)
partial joint penetration groove welds (PJP)
In terms of shape:
Square “U”
Bevel Flare-
“V” bevel
“J” Flare-V
FLAT
HORIZONTAL
OVERHEAD
VERTICAL
Pipe Welding Positions
Joint Geometry
Factors to consider in selecting the groove geometry include:
The welding process: operational features, penetration characteristics, positions of welding
Material thickness
Positioning for welding
Minimizing volume of deposited weld metal but still allowing for proper access
Use of pre-qualified joints
Fit-up tolerances and factors affecting workmanship
Control of distortion and shrinkage
Minimizing material handling
Square Groove Welds
Economical for thinner thicknesses and for
arc welding processes
Careful procedural control is necessary to FIG. 71 Butt joint with zero root opening
If the root opening is too wide, the molten FIG. 72 Butt joint with root opening
The bevel-groove has an advantage over the V-groove because only one
part has to be prepared - fusion is more difficult.
Weld symbols
Supplementary symbols
Welding symbols
Weld Symbols A weld symbol specifies a specific type of weld. The pertinent types of welds considered under AWS
A2.4 “Specification for Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive Examination” and the basic
weld symbols representing them are shown.
Reference line
Arrow
Basic weld symbol
Dimensions and other data
Supplementary symbols
Finish symbols
Tail
References
Weld Symbols
Placement of the Vertical Line
FIG. 120 Weld symbols showing accentuated faces FIG. 121 Weld symbols showing the vertical line to the left
Supplementary Weld Symbols
FIG. 123 Joint definition used for arrow and other side in welding symbols
Arrow Side and Other Side of Joints
e) In some cases the basic symbol may be FIG. 126 Information in the tail of a welding symbol
insufficient and the weld may have to be
specified by cross section etc.
Field Weld Symbol
The symbol is not required for welds around the FIG. 130 Location and extent of welding denoted by the all-
circumference of a pipe around symbol
Break in the Arrow
For bevel groove or a J-groove welds, if the
arrow has a break then it points to the
member that is to be bevelled, as shown.
FIG. 131 Break in the arrow
b)
Sequence (a)
1) make the bevel-groove weld on the arrow side
2) make the flat fillet weld on the arrow side
3) make the back weld on the other side
Sequence (b)
1) make the backing weld on the other side
2) make the bevel groove weld on the arrow side
3) make the flat fillet weld on the arrow side
Information required:
The welding symbols on Figure 150(a) specify ASTM A36 steel backing.
They specify a V-groove weld made into a 45° groove with a 6 mm root
opening. The V-groove is to be 12 mm deep, the full thickness of the
plate.
FIG. 152 Letters used to identify material for backing and spaces
Joints with Consumable Inserts
A consumable insert is a piece of filler metal that is
placed at the root of a joint. It is completely fused into
the root of the joint and becomes part of the weld.
FIG. 153 Symbols for consumable inserts FIG. 154 Application of the consumable insert symbol
Back Gouging
Size:
The fillet weld size, S, must be shown to the
left of the weld symbol on the same side of FIG. 159 Dimensions of single fillet weld
Plug weld—a weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing
that member to another member.
Plug and slot welds are not used as extensively as groove and fillet welds
The plug weld symbol should not be used for fillet-welded holes.
Specification of Plug and Slot Welds
FIG. 166 Elements of plug and slot welding symbols FIG. 167 Dimensions of plug welds
When the angle of countersink is also included in the welding symbol, the
number of plug welds is placed either above or below angle of countersink,
as applicable.
Spacing and Number of Plug Welds
Depth of Root
Bevel Opening
1(1-1/8)
1/8
60o
Effective Groove
Throat Angle
AWS. Welding Symbols
FCAW
1(1-1/8)
Applicable to
any single Single Bevel
groove weld
AWS. Welding Symbols
1st Operation
FCAW
1(1-1/8)
1/8
60o
6 leg on member A
6x8
Member A
=
6
Member B 8