CHAPTER 5.

1
WELDING
DRAFTING
OBJECTIVES
 Aftercompleting this chapter, you will be
able to;
 Describe the different welding processes.
 Identify and draw different welding joints.
 Identify and draw different ANSI/AWS
weld symbols.
 Identify and draw ANSI/AWS
supplementary weld symbols.
 Create a welding drawing.
 Identify welding joints.
INTRODUCTION
 Welding is the process of fastening metal together by bringing
abutting surfaces to a molten state, with or without the use of
filler material.

 Welding is used to fabricated metals together permanently in

structures and products.

 Structures such as bridges and buildings have welded steel

components.

 Parts for mechanical devices, such as automobiles and

aircraft, are also fabricated using welding.

 Welding processes include arc welding, gas welding, and

resistance welding.
GAS & ARC WELDING
 Gas welding is a thermal fastening process that uses a
mixture of flammable gas and oxygen, along with a filler
material, to melt and fuse abutting surfaces.

 Arc welding is a fastening process that uses a filler

material and an electric arc to melt and fuse abutting
surfaces.

 Gas and arc welding processes commonly use the back,

fillet, slot, or groove type of weld such as bevel, square,
J, U and V type.
RESISTANCE WELDING
 Resistance welding is a fastening process that uses
heat and pressure to melt and fuse abutting surfaces.

 No filler material is used to fasten the parts.

 Spot , seam and flash welding processes are common

types of resistance welding techniques.
 WELDING
DRAWINGS
 Welding drawings are prints
that describe several pieces
that are welded together to
make the finished part.

 This print shows where and

what type of welds are to made.

 Welding symbols are used to

give weld information.

 Usually a materials list with all

parts is included to make the
final object.
WELD DRAWING OF A BRACKET

Here you are shown a sample weld drawing of a bracket with

included weld symbols
 WELD DRAWING OF A HOLDING
RING

Here you are shown a sample weld drawing of a holding

ring complete with dimension and weld symbols
WELDING
TERMINOLOGY
 Leg
 Face

 Throat

 Groove radius

 Root opening (groove weld) is the space between the

pieces before welding
 Root face

 Groove angle
WELDING
TERMINOLOGY
(a) Fillet weld (b) Butt weld (Groove weld)
 WELDING TERMINOLOGY

 a) fillet weld
 WELDING TERMINOLOGY

 b) butt weld
BASIC SYMBOL
 Welding symbols are used to communicate to the
fabricator the weld type, size, and location.
 The weld symbol is made of the leader, reference line,
and tail.

Reference line
Tail
Leader

 Tail of the symbol designates the welding specification,

procedures, or other information used to make the weld
WELD SYMBOLS
 AWS and ANSI have standardized the weld symbols
used to describe weld on technical drawings.
 The weld symbol is made of the leader, reference line,
and tail.
 The eight basic parts to a complete weld symbol are as
follows;
1. Reference line 5. Weld symbol (type of
2. Leader line and arrow weld)
3. Basic weld symbol 6. Dimensions
(location/depth of weld) 7. Supplementary symbols
4. Finish symbol 8. Tail and specifications
AWS (AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY)
STANDARD WELD SYMBOLS
BASIC SYMBOLS FOR GAS
AND ARC WELDING
 FILLET WELDS

 Fillet weld is located at the internal corner of two parts.

 Fillet weld symbol is a triangle, with the vertical side
always to the left.
GROOVE WELDS

 The weld used on a butt joint.

 Before being welded, the two pieces are spaced apart at
a distance called the root opening.
 The square groove weld symbol is two vertical lines
attached to the reference line.
 GROOVE WELDS

 the weld used on a joint between one pieces that has a

square end and a second pieces that has a beveled angle.
 The symbol is a vertical line and an angled line drawn
the right.
 GROOVE WELDS

 the weld used on a butt joint with beveled ends that form
a groove in the shape of a V.
 The weld symbol is a V attached to the reference line.
 GROOVE WELDS

 the weld used on a butt joint between one piece that has
a square end and the other that has a J shape.
 The symbol is a vertical line with an arc drawn to the right.
 GROOVE WELDS

 the weld used on a butt joint where the groove between

the two parts forms a U.
 The weld symbol is a short vertical line with a semicircle
resting on top.

 BASIC SYMBOLS FOR
RESISTANCE WELDING

 a spot weld is generally used on sheet metal and is graphically

represented as a circle. If the spot weld is on both sides, then the
circle straddles the reference line..
 a seam weld is a weld made between overlapping parts. A seam
weld is represented as a circle with two horizontal lines drawn
through it.
 A spot welding process may be used on a seam and may be
designated in the tail as RSEW for resistance seam welding
LOCATION OF WELD SYMBOL WRT JOINT
 Welds on the arrow side of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol
below the reference line.

 Welds on the other side of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol
above the reference line.

 Welds on both sides of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol on
both sides of the reference line.
ORIENTATION OF SPECIFIC
WELD SYMBOLS
 Fillet, bevel-groove , J-groove, flare-groove, corner-
flange welds symbols are drawn with the perpendicular
leg always to the left.
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
FIELD WELDS & ALL AROUND
WELDS
Field welds All around welds
 Not made in the shop or  Weld extending
at the place of initial completely around a joint is
construction indicated by a weld-all
around symbol placed at
the intersection of the
reference line and the arrow.
 Small black flag symbol  Not required for welds
is placed above and at right extending around the
angles to the reference line circumference of a pipe.
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
BACK AND BACKING WELDS

 Back or backing weld symbols are used to indicate bead-

type back or backing welds of singe-groove welds

 The back weld is made after the groove weld

 The backing weld is made before the groove weld

APPLICATION OF BACK AND BACKING
WELD SYMBOLS
 OTHER BASIC WELDING SYMBOLS
AND THEIR LOCATION SIGNIFICANCE

 Plug
 Slot

 Spot

 Seam

 Surface

 Flanged

 Stud
WELDING APPLICATION : WELDED TRUSS
 WELDING DRAWINGS

33
Pulley housing made by casting (A) and by welding (B)
 WELDING DRAWINGS

COMPARISON OF A CAST SHAFT SUPPORT WITH A

WELDED STEEL SHAFT SUPPORT
WELDING TEMPLATES

 Welding templates can be used to draw weld symbols

and using such templates is the recommended practice
when creating welding drawings using traditional tools.

 A typical welding template will contain the weld symbols,

as well as openings to draw the reference line, with the
arrow and tail.
WELD SYMBOLS AND CAD
 CAD is a very efficient method of creating welding drawings.

 Most CAD systems can automatically create leaders lines

for the weld symbol.

 A parametric program can be created that prompts the user

to specify the type of weld symbol, dimensions, root
opening, and other information.

 The user then specifies the location of the arrow, and the
weld symbols is automatically created.
SUMMARY

 Welding drawings are a special type of technical drawing

that describes how parts are fabricated.

 A welding drawing uses standard graphic symbols to

describe to the welder how to joint two materials.

 Weld symbol are drawn with hand tools, a template, or

CAD.