THE CONJUNCTION

Sebeb budaq cümləsini baş cümləyə bağlayan bağlayıcılar.

Because-Çünki +mubteda +xeber
As-çünki, görə + mubteda +xeber
Since – görə, çünki, dan/dən – mubteda +xeber
We stopped our work because /as/since it was raining cats and dogs.
As/since it was raining cats and dogs, we stopped our work.
Since bağlayıcısi hem zaman budaq cümləsində, hem de sebeb budaq cümləsində
islene bilir. Zaman budaq cümləsində ozunden sonra yalniz PAST SIMPLE,
evvelinde ise Bitmis zamanlar islenir (Present/ Past Perfect) islenir. Sebeb budaq
cümləsində bele bir məhdudiyyət yoxdur.
Sue hasn’t dropped a line since she moved abroad.
Sue can’t join online lessons since she doesn’t have an access to the Internet.

Because of+ gerund/noun /pronoun

Due to+gerund/noun /pronoun
We stopped our work because of the rain.
Because of the rain, we stopped our work.
Because of you, I was scolded and punished.
I was scolded and punished because of you.
Because of being late, the teacher didn’t let us in.
Because of not having time, I couldn’t help you.
Netice budaq cumlesini baş cümləyə bağlayan bağlayıcılar.
So + mubteda +xeber
That’s why + mubteda +xeber
Therefore +mubteda +xeber
I felt exhausted so I decided to have a quiet night.

❖ As… as
❖ So… as (inkarda işlənir) bağlayıcılari arasinda adi derecede sifet
/zerf işlənər.
Ali is as clever as his father, but he isn’t so/as hard-working as him.
You speak French as fluently as I do.
You don’t speak Russian as /so clearly as your mom does.

So sifet/zerf isim that elə… ki such (sifet) isim that

The film was so exciting that we It was such an exciting/a good film that
Watched it till the end. we watched it till the end.

So … that baglayicisi arasinda o zaman isim islene biler ki, orada:

So much/so many/so few/so little +ISIM +that
There were so many interesting books that I couldn’t make a choice among them.
I have so little money that I can’t lend it to you.

Meqsed budaq cümləsini baş cümləyə bağlayan bağlayıcılar.

So that +mubteda +xeber (ondan ötrü ki)
In order that +mubteda +xeber
You should learn a lot of words in order that /so that you can read English books
In order to+ VERB
So as to+ VERB
You should learn a lot of words in order to/so as to be able to read English books.

As if/As though + mubteda +xeber (ele bil, guya, sanki)

He speaks as if he is a scientist.
She looks as though she is going to cry.
You behave as though you don’t know anything about it.

Look/taste/sound/seem/smell ve s kimi baglayici feiller +AS IF /AS

THOUGH
You look as if you are ill.
The fish tastes as if it has gone off(xarab olmaq)

AS vs WHILE(zaman budaq cumlesini bas cümləyə baglayar, ikən menasini verer)

As/while I was going along the street, I bumped into my friend.

As- kimi(sozun esl menasinda) As = like

(kimi) oxsatma, bənzətmə
As a doctor, he always takes care of his patients. Don’t behave yourself
as a child /like a child.
Bir hekim kimi, o her zaman xestelerinin qaygisina Ozunu uşaq kimi
aparma(usaq deyilsen)
Qalır.
Güzəşt budaq cümləsini baş cümləyə bağlayan baglayicilar(ziddiyyət
bildirir)
BAXMAYARAQ KI

Though +mubteda +xeber She speaks 4 languages though she is just 5

years old.

Although +mubteda +xeber Although she is just 5 years old, she speaks
4 languages.

Even though +mubteda +xeber Even though she apologised to me, I didn’t
forgive her.

Despite the fact that+ mubteda +xəbər Despite the fact that she was very
busy, she attended her son’s party.
But baglayicisi ile her zaman bir teref inkar olmalıdır deye bir sey yoxdur. Mena
baximdan da ziddiyyət ola biler.
She is just 5 years old, but she speaks 4 languages. She works a lot, but earns
little.
In spite of + gerund/noun /pronoun
Despite + gerund/noun /pronoun
In spite of you, I could pass the exam.
Despite the hardships, Susan could overcome everything in her life.
In spite of having little money, she lent me some.
Şərt budaq cümləsini baş cümləyə bağlayan bağlayıcılar.
IF Bu bağlayıcılarin her birinden sonra
UNLESS + inkar cumle gelir. (mubteda +xeber)
AS LONG AS
PROVIDED THAT
ON CONDITION THAT
IN CASE(işdi sayet, birden)
The child won’t obey you unless you stop shouting at him.
If you don’t stop shouting at him.
Unless cumleni cumleni etmir. Tesdiq cumlede de islene biler.
I will tell you everything unless you shout at me.
I can cook as long as you wash the dishes.
I will lend you the money you need on condition that you return it in time.
Let me know in case you are late.

IN CASE of GERUNG/NOUN
In case of emergency, call the police.
Let me know in case of being late.

The reason why + mubteda +xeber

The reason that+ mubteda +xeber
The reason why/that he has lied is unknown to me.
The reason why/that she was absent was ger illness.
Why + sozonu islnemez
What… for(ne ucun)
For what
I don’t know why she is here.
I don’t know what she is here for.
I don’t know for what she is here.

ASK/WONDER/WANT TO KNOW/DOUBT/CAN YOU TELL ME + THAT

Whether (ki)
If (ki)
I know that you work hard.
I want to know if/whether you work hard.
why/how
Whoever Whoever
Whomever You can invite who(m)ever you want.
Whatever Whatever happens, she always wears her smile.
Whenever You can call me whenever you want.
Wherever Wherever you go, I ll find you.
CONJUNCTIVE PRONOUNS
Baglayici evezlikler tamamliq budaq cümləsini bas cumleye baglayarlar ve budaq
cumlenin catismayan üzvü olarlar.
WHO/WHOM/WHAT/WHICH/WHOSE
I want to know who will come to my party. (mubteda)
who(m) /what you saw yesterday. (tamamliq)
what happened to you. (mubteda)
what you gave to your mother for her birthday. (tamamliq)
which girl plays chess best. (mubtedanin teyini)
whose cap this is. (ismi xeberin ad hissesi)