De La Salle University - Dasmariñas

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

Industrial Engineering

The Role of the Catholic Church in Shaping Filipino Cultural Identity.

Submitted by:
De Guzman, Sharina Alexa G.

Industrial Engineering 31

Philippine History

Submitted to:
Professor Jumel G. Estrañero

December 2023
 The Role of the Catholic Church in Shaping Filipino Cultural Identity.

I. Introduction/Background of the Study

"The Rise of Independent Catholicism in the Philippines recounts the historical journey of a
long-oppressed community. Unable to overthrow American imperialism at the turn of the twentieth
century, they redirected their efforts toward liberating themselves from the Spanish influence of
the Roman Catholic Church. Establishing their own nationalist church, they crafted a rational and
catholic faith that has resonated with millions of Filipinos over the past 120 years. This study
delves into the life and leadership of Supreme Bishop Gregorio Aglípay, the figurehead who guided
the church through its formative 38 years of expansion, as well as the subsequent leaders up to the
present day.
Hon. Rev. Dr. Jayme Mathias currently serves as the pastor of Holy Family Catholic Church
in Austin, Texas. In his ten years of ordained ministry within the Roman Catholic Church, Father
Jayme held roles such as the president of a college preparatory school and pastor of Austin’s largest
Spanish-language Roman Catholic congregation. Having completed his Ph.D. in 2011, he has been
actively educating lay leaders about Independent Catholicism, contributing to the establishment of
Austin’s largest inclusive Catholic community. Dr. Mercedes Lynn de Uriarte, Professor Emerita
at the Moody College of Communications of The University of Texas at Austin School of
Journalism, previously worked as a reporter and opinion editor for the Los Angeles Times. She
was instrumental in founding the UT student newspaper, Tejas, which received the prestigious
Robert F. Kennedy Award for Outstanding Journalism. Dr. de Uriarte, a Kellogg Fellow, focuses
her research on amplifying the voices of marginalized communities."
The emergence of Aglipayanism marks a pivotal chapter in the religious history of the
Philippines, characterized by a fervent pursuit of autonomy and a distinctive path in Catholic faith.
Originating in response to the complex interplay of Spanish colonialism and American influence
at the turn of the twentieth century, the Aglipayan Church became a symbol of resistance and a
catalyst for the construction of a unique Filipino national identity. This study, "Aglipayan: The
Flourishing of Independent Catholicism in the Philippines," endeavors to unravel the historical,
social, and cultural intricacies surrounding the growth of Aglipayanism over the last century and
beyond. Delving into the establishment of the church, the role of influential figures like Supreme
Bishop Gregorio Aglípay, and the subsequent evolution of Independent Catholicism, this
exploration seeks to illuminate the factors contributing to its resilience and the profound impact it
has had on the religious landscape of the Philippines. As we navigate through the pages of this
study, we embark on a journey to understand how Aglipayanism has shaped not only the spiritual
beliefs of millions but has also woven itself intricately into the fabric of Filipino cultural and social
life, leaving an indelible mark on the nation's narrative.
 II. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework

The theoretical foundation of "Aglipayan: The Flourishing of Independent Catholicism in the

Philippines" is expected to encompass diverse academic viewpoints and research methodologies.
This framework aims to comprehend and scrutinize the historical, social, and cultural dimensions
related to the origin and growth of the Aglipayan Church. To comprehend the way Aglipayanism
integrated native Filipino beliefs and customs into its theology and ceremonies, this method would
investigate the fusion of Catholicism with indigenous cultural elements. An institutional analysis
perspective could center on the organizational framework of the Aglipayan Church, examining its
foundation, governance, and evolution throughout history. This viewpoint would investigate the
functions of significant figures, including Supreme Bishop Gregorio Aglípay, and the transitions
in leadership. This could involve an examination of the church's efforts to reclaim indigenous
narratives and challenge the hegemony of external religious authorities.
Aglipayanism emerged in response to the colonial history of the Philippines, reflecting the
postcolonial struggle for independence and the creation of a distinct national identity. Postcolonial
theory provides a lens to analyze how Aglipayanism represents a resistance to external religious
influences and an assertion of cultural autonomy.
Aglipayanism played a significant role in the construction of a distinct Filipino national
identity. Concepts related to nationalism and identity formation will be employed to analyze how
the church contributed to shaping a unique religious and cultural identity, separate from Spanish
and American influences.
Cultural studies concepts will be employed to investigate the cultural impact of Aglipayanism
on Filipino society. This includes an examination of rituals, symbols, and practices within
Aglipayanism that have become integral to the followers and have influenced broader cultural
norms.

III. Analysis

A thorough examination of "Aglipayan: The Flourishing of Independent Catholicism in the

Philippines" would explore various crucial elements, encompassing the historical backdrop, the
establishment and evolution of the Aglipayan Church, its influence on Philippine society, and the
noteworthy contributions of key figures, notably Supreme Bishop Gregorio Aglípay. Evaluate the
role of Aglipayanism in shaping a distinct Filipino national identity through the amalgamation of
indigenous beliefs with Catholicism and examines the cultural and religious aspects evident in
Aglipayan rituals and practices, emphasizing the fusion of Catholic and indigenous traditions. This
also explores the founding and initial phases of the Aglipayan Church, analyzing the factors that
prompted its establishment and the fundamental principles that set it apart from Roman
Catholicism. Investigate the contributions of Supreme Bishop Gregorio Aglípay in the initial
expansion and structuring of the church.
This book also examines the historical conditions that led to the establishment of the Aglipayan
Church, taking into account the socio-political context in the Philippines in the early 20th century.
Evaluate how the religious landscape was shaped by the impacts of Spanish and American
colonialism and investigate how Aglipayanism evolved as a reaction to these external influences.
The impact on Filipino Society Explore the wider societal implications of Aglipayanism. Delve
into its effects on cultural traditions, societal norms, and the formation of an encompassing
religious community. Evaluate how the church has served as a platform for marginalized groups,
contributing to the advancement of social justice initiatives.

VI. Policy Recommendation

Considering the historical and cultural importance of Aglipayanism in the Philippines, there are
several suggested policy measures to recognize and bolster the ongoing prosperity of Independent
Catholicism in the country:
• Acknowledgment of Cultural Heritage:
Advocate for the formal recognition of Aglipayanism as a fundamental element of the Philippines'
cultural and religious heritage. This may involve official acknowledgment from pertinent cultural
and historical bodies, including the incorporation of Aglipayan historical sites into heritage
preservation initiatives.
• Promotion of Interfaith Dialogue and Understanding:
Encourage and endorse initiatives promoting interfaith dialogue that nurtures understanding and
collaboration between Aglipayans and other religious communities. The goal is to foster religious
tolerance and harmony.
• Integration into Educational Curricula:
Embed the history and teachings of Aglipayanism into national educational curricula, ensuring that
students gain knowledge about the diverse religious panorama of the Philippines, encompassing
Independent Catholicism.
• Preservation of Religious Sites:
Allocate resources for the upkeep and preservation of Aglipayan churches, historical sites, and
religious artifacts. This investment contributes to safeguarding both tangible and intangible
cultural heritage associated with Aglipayanism.
• Support for Social Justice Initiatives:
Collaborate with Aglipayan institutions known for championing social justice initiatives. Back
programs addressing social inequality, poverty, and advocating for the rights of marginalized
communities, aligning with the values of Aglipayanism.
• Advocacy for Religious Freedom:
Promote policies upholding religious freedom, ensuring that Aglipayans and other religious groups
have the unequivocal right to practice their faith without facing discrimination. This includes
protection against discriminatory practices in areas like employment and public services.
• Facilitation of Research and Documentation:
Support research initiatives delving into the deeper aspects of the history, practices, and
contemporary relevance of Aglipayanism. Encourage the documentation of oral histories and
personal narratives within Aglipayan communities for a comprehensive understanding.
• Inclusion in Tourism Promotion:
Feature Aglipayan heritage sites in national tourism promotion endeavors, acknowledging their
cultural and historical value. This inclusion not only contributes to local economies but also raises
awareness about the distinctive aspects of Aglipayanism.
• Community-Based Empowerment Projects:
Facilitate projects at the community level that empower Aglipayan congregations, encouraging
activities related to community development, education, and initiatives fortifying the social fabric
of Aglipayan communities.
• Collaboration with Aglipayan Leaders:
Actively engage in collaborative efforts with Aglipayan leaders and institutions during policy
discussions, ensuring that their perspectives and concerns are taken into account in broader societal
and religious deliberations.
These policy recommendations aim to celebrate the diverse religious landscape in the Philippines,
foster inclusivity, and bolster the preservation and advancement of Aglipayanism as a crucial
aspect of the nation's cultural and religious heritage.

VII. Message to your Professor

Magandang araw po Sir, Jumel! Maraming salamat po sa mga aral na itinuro ninyo sa amin at
sa walang labis na konsiderasyon na binibigay niyo po pag dating sa mga pag pasa ng mga activity
sa schoolbook. Salamat rin po dahil wala kaming naramdamang mental pressure sa subject na ito.
Good luck and God bless po sa career niyo Sir! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year of 2024
po!
 VIII. References:

Gonzales, V. M. (2014). Filipino Catholicism. Philippine Studies Special Double Issue 2014.
Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/8608850/Filipino_Catholicism_Philippine_Studies_Special_Double_I
ssue_2014
Aguilos, R. (1999). Church realities in the Philippines, 1900-1965. Academia.edu. Retrieved
from https://www.academia.edu/56831343/Church_realities_in_the_Philippines_1900_1965
Shoesmith, D. (2020). Title of the document. Charles Darwin University. Retrieved from
https://ris.cdu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/33206546/33198745.pdf