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Question 1

With respect to its level of urbanization, sub-Saharan

Africa:

became a majority-urban region at the same time as

the world, circa 2007.

became a majority-urban region at the at the end of

the 20th century, circa 1999.

has yet to become a majority-urban region.

became a majority-urban region at the same time as

the United States, circa 1920.

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Question 2

Only two of the largest cities in sub-Saharan Africa are

megacities. They are:

Abidjan and Lagos.

Lagos and Kinshasa.

Kinshasa and Johannesburg.

Johannesburg and Abidjan.

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Question 3
All of the following are major problems in most sub-
Saharan African cities except:

maintaining subway systems and trolley lines.

lack of decent and affordable housing.

providing basic urban services.

lack of effective governance.

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Question 4

In terms of morphology, cities in sub-Saharan Africa

are trending toward the:

hybrid model.

dual city model.

colonial city model.

Islamic city model.

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Question 5

As cities in sub-Saharan Africa have grown since

independence:

their urban form has coalesced around the colonial

planning models.
 patterns of government dominance have been
replaced by more reliance on private enterprise.

indigenous African forms have almost eliminated the

European influence.

non-governmental institutions have taken over the

delivery of most public services.

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Question 6

The oldest region of urban settlement in sub-Saharan

Africa was the:

upper Nile River and Ethiopia.

western Sudan.

Congo Basin.

Guinea coast.

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Question 7

“Desert ports on a network of caravan routes that

crisscross the Sahara”: Which one of the following
historical cities would be included under this heading?

Timbuktu, today in Mali

Great Zimbabwe, today in Zimbabwe

 Benin, today in Nigeria

Axum, today in Ethiopia

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Question 8

Beginning in the 9th century, cities on Africa’s Swahili

coast on the Indian Ocean developed economically,
culturally, and politically as a result of trade with:

the Chinese.

the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf.

European fleets which had just rounded Africa’s

southern cape.

the Guinea coast of Africa.

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Question 9

Before formal colonial rule began in sub-Saharan

Africa in the 1880s:

large cities had already become an important part of

African culture.

European nations had already established most of

their trading posts in the interior.
 coastal settlements were used for the export of
enslaved Africans and raw materials.

European technology had already diffused from

seaports to interior cities.

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Question 10

The first European settlements along the coast of sub-

Saharan Africa included St. Louis, Luanda, and
Lourenço Marques (now Maputo). From what country
did the settlers come?

France

Spain

Portugal

Netherlands

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Question 11

It grew into the “island metropolis of Eastern Africa” as

the center of a mercantile empire whose tentacles
stretched to the Congo. It later was refashioned by the
Portuguese and then became a British colonial capital.
To what city-state do these facts apply?

Mozambique

Zanzibar

Mombasa
 Mogadishu

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Question 12

The township of Roma is now inhabited by Lusaka’s

professional class and political elite. Under the British,
it was inhabited by privileged whites. In both cases,
Roma’s maids and gardeners come from an adjacent
informal settlement. This is an example of:

how segregation by race has been replaced by

segregation by class.

how land use planning can help solve urban

problems.

how economic forces are stronger than social forces

in landscape evolution.

how physical boundaries shape the character of a

neighborhood.

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Question 13

In the late 20th century, many SSA countries led the

world in rates of urbanization. What accompanied this
rapid urbanization?

rapid industrial development

rapid expansion of the informal economy

 increasing democracy

apartheid rule

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Question 14

Dodoma, Lilongwe, Yamoussoukro, and Abuja are all:

mining cities of southern Africa.

megacities with colonial roots.

planned green cities.

new capital cities.

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Question 15

Some cities such as Dakar, with nearby Gorée Island,

and Elmina, with its castle, are witnessing the growth
of a tourism industry built on:

attractive coastal beaches.

safaris onto the nearby savannas.

the history of the slave trade.

excursions to agricultural plantations.

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Question 16

Much of what comprises Kinshasa in both physical and

economic terms is undocumented, giving rise to
discussion of it as:

a City of Hope.

an Independent City.

an Invisible City.

an Apartheid City.

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Question 17

Over the last three decades, Kinshasa has:

become a thriving arts hub, particularly for popular

music.

established a reputation for environmentally-

sensitive land use planning.

seen almost all government jobs shift to the

country’s new capital city.

led the continent in its rate of manufacturing growth.

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Question 18

Kinshasa was called Leopoldville during the colonial

era, when the ruling power was:

Portugal.
 Great Britain.

France.

Belgium.

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Question 19

The first city in Africa to become the capital of a newly

independent nation after World War II was:

Accra, Ghana.

Conakry, Guinea.

Dakar, Senegal.

Lagos, Nigeria.

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Question 20

In the late 20th century, Ghana began to follow the

World Bank’s recommendations for economic reform.
As a result, Accra:

witnessed a decline in state-controlled businesses.

established export-processing zones to attract

foreign investment.

put resources into building new roads and upgrading

the airport.
 all of the above.

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Question 21

Lagos in the 20th century and Accra in the 21st century

began benefitting from a new source of international
earnings that enriched each nation’s economy. What
industry was responsible for those new earnings?

agricultural commodities

wave energy

offshore oil and gas

gold and other precious metals

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Question 22

Of the following cities, which one had the smallest

number of European settlers and therefore is the most
deserving of being called "a bona fide African city"?

Dakar

Abidjan

Lagos

Nairobi

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Question 23

Nairobi:
 has experienced good integration of Africans,
Asians, and Europeans.

has never been considered by Africans as a suitable

place to live.

has an excellent site which has promoted

development.

has overcome the inertia of history.

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Question 24

In Nairobi during the colonial era, what faction of the

city’s tripartite racial geography became the
shopkeepers, merchants, and skilled artisans?

Expatriate Americans

Asians

European whites

Native Africans

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Question 25

“Splintering urbanism”:
 means that part of a city is connected to the world
economy, but most is not.

is marked by geographical expansion in two different

directions.

took place shortly African nations gained their

independence from Europe.

is best captured by the concentric zone model of

urban land use.

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Question 26

Before 1956, Dakar served as the capital of the

Federation of French West Africa. After 1956 it had
been reduced to serving as the capital of:

Gorée Island.

Le Plateau.

The Grande Medina.

Senegal.

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Question 27

Which one of the following has been proposed to curb

migration into Dakar?
 prohibiting migration for everyone except those with
a permit

developing ecovillages in the countryside

paving roads that are now unpaved

reinforcing primacy by upgrading urban infrastructure

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Question 28

The squatter settlements of former French-colonial

cities in Africa are known as:

cordons sanitaires.

les villes.

zones urbaines.

bidonvilles.

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Question 29

The largest mining and industrial center in Africa, and

a city built on gold, is:

Addis Ababa.

Lubumbashi.

Johannesburg.
 Cape Town.

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Question 30

What country is among the most urbanized in sub-

Saharan Africa and has the most deeply developed
urban hierarchy?

Kenya

Nigeria

South Africa

Senegal

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Question 31

Apartheid in South Africa:

has been abolished and all traces of its legacy are

now gone.

enforced racial separation in an extremely

geographical manner.

was designed to reduce the socioeconomic gap

between Whites and Blacks.

continues to be the law of the land.

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Question 32

Which one of the following is not true of the waste

management problem in most large sub-Saharan
African cities?

Efforts are being made to teach people how to burn

their waste at home.

Uncontrolled landfills allow toxins to seep into the

ground water.

Plastics are increasingly common waste material

and they do not biodegrade.

More waste remains in the neighborhoods than goes

to the landfills.

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Question 33

Most primate cities in Africa are challenged by:

all of the above.

city revenues that cannot keep pace with demand for

public services.

a gap between the modern section of a city and its

slums.
 massive rural-to-urban migration that outstrips
economic development.

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Question 34

Which of the following statements is not true about

sub-Saharan African cities?

Residents’ incomes in cities are disproportionately

higher than in rural areas.

Women are almost unrepresented in government

and the professions.

They have strong informal economies.

Slums and squatter settlements may account for up

to 80% of a city’s population.

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Question 35

For cities such as Dakar, which one of the following

programs could be instituted to reduce the push
factors behind rural-to-urban migration?

programs that subsidize housing prices in in-town

new towns
 programs that use the media to change potential
migrants’ minds about moving

programs that put tolls on all highways, not just

major thoroughfares

programs that strengthen agriculture and connect

farmers to markets

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Question 36

Which one of the following sub-Saharan Africa

countries has been identified as one of the BRICS?

Senegal

Cameroun

Ivory Coast

South Africa

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Question 37

Kinshasa is often used as an example of

relocalization. What is relocalization?

the merger of globalizing and localizing forces

when a city becomes a set of distinct neighborhoods

cut off from each other
 return migration of people who left Kinshasa during
Mobutu’s reign

integration of neighborhood and regional planning

structures

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Question 38

In an example of a trend in using crowd-sourced

information to reveal social problems, Kenya’s
MacArthur Award-winning Ushahidi employs what
technology?

neither A nor B

text messaging

both A and B

geographic information systems

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Question 39

By far, the African city that has attracted the most

foreign direct investment (FDI) in the first two decades
of the 21st century was:

Dodoma, Tanzania.

Johannesburg, South Africa.

Dakar, Senegal.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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Question 40

Elite housing estates on the outskirts of many Africa

cities are often built with foreign capital. In the case of
Silverest Gardens on the outskirts of Lusaka, that
capital came from a company based in:

Great Britain.

the United States.

India.

China.

Quiz Score: 40 out of 40