vn

vn
Na

Na
Manmuto TatS.
Magmatic ciuld- Jhu auqion Orond Dmagmt
umwUdh amu. magmiic uubAlanc.UXs monu
m

am
C, s Rnown as magmiuc ld It s an
ta

ut
Rmownn
au

yB
Ga
mduction. Jt
tG

dunoUld
et
Umut Wibun lmut n Nuuton/ mpu miu o
ne

n
Jla (T)
v

v
s yauss
Na

Na
mt S stm mts, ib mut
Teala l0 Gauss
couc UUumT- h lou o chagt im am
m

cehouuci Jm 1 sLCend , i kmewn as ductc

ta

ta
au

au

tha chang lauuimg im omycomouucie'

m acbuc twvwmt
tG

tG

um t thm
ee
vn

vn

Umit-Soulomb lsA Cmd= hmpune (A)

Na

Na

umumaisn T
T
= [AJ
am

am

vumt {louuimg
Cwvunt dumA hu luctuc omy .comduco
ut

ut

m mt cto3b iCLmal drua

rmdiculon o man cwvunl
Ga

Ga

th _Jduuction
 i kmaum asLUUUMU LCUmALll t As dnotecd b

vn

vn
purpmciulory in

Na

Na
he he cvvumt louimgoamy conoudtgn
Aoila HasS slctim
CUUUmt dlumaity
dhom
m

am
A

Unt-dmbuu /mubu
ta

ut
au

Qumumaien- A=[LAJ
Ga
tG

is a waton quominty
t
et

e
ne

ne
Vutot oUm-
v

v
Na

Na
A cesC
LourAccodimg to Biot-dauart lawr
(Biotowat Hiild aruswmd thewu
m

thvu
thuu uocuuci a magmiic
cwuunt inomy uuwl
ta

ta

uIhis awo is thikmewn os (Biot-douat Lawr

au

au
tG

tG
ee

ee
vn

vn
Na

Na

tut ws Cemdiswr a uwu hauumg thi oicwvmt

'

thu dmall. Jmath imimt thi uwt.

t dl b hu poimt at dAtamci HU CumUuO
am

am

imol out magmittc eld

P hu
ut

ut

vat which ul iul

Ga

Ga

duL to Amall mgi elumimt

 Jhsm mogntic fild dus do -bmal.Jmgth ehn

vn

v
ib
s dincty prieterliomal to thu cuvumt

Na

Na
loLimg im th uuint de
-O
dpsBibortiomel
diucty do thu lumgth tamnt
ii
dBd -to thi
m

am
dimi ol.amg
ta

1 s diuctly brotsti.omal

ut
au

oLtucn ltmgth alimumt amdP thi imi jonimg

Ga
tG

Jumgth eumimt to tha foimt ie

dBasimo
et
-
ne

opetienal to hi dqUAU
v

v
muLARhotuaam
Na

Na
lmgth ilbmirt omdpaint
distomc
P olB
U2
-
n Combimim9 he aboul lqualiens
m

dBLdesima
ta

ta
au

au

olB =kidlaimo
tG

tG

k 4T
ee

olBALo iol !siam0

vn

47T
v

u 4pkacr on awi
Na

Na

u,= vmlability ef
whru 2
4RX lo Nutom| mbuu
Lo idlsimg
Ucteoum dB 4TT

doll.dlmo
am

am

dB- 47T J_
ut

ut
Ga

Ga
 bblications ofBiot aad 2our

vn

vn
Magnic Jacldu du to Jong duih, mt

Na

Na
coULmo condludiot
m JUDi oiminibkumgth

am
ta

ut
au

Ga
tG

et

e
ne

ne
CUUwmt cavuwm
v

v
dt us rmaielwt a lomg, traight
Na

Na
dmal! moth
uiiu houimg the cwvmt i'dI Phi heditamci
eommemt 1t thtu is o poimt at
at which l uuil imol cut
em thu uiu
tielol ut c h hi distamci ol umgth
mogrutic
Jmimt piom foimtP..
m

on Biat osauat laur

ta

ta
au

au

dB = idl bn0-()
tG

tG

4T

n
ee

ee
A PDK,

sng = ne
vn

vn

Radius
Na

Na

DK Xdo
nAC DK,
aimg= D
am

am

dk
ut

ut

D.K= dl dno-
Ga

Ga
 2) Amd 3), Jut
hou

vn
Lem

v
Na

Na
d sim0 = Xd
dB le
4-7
d 2

d8 M de-4)
m

am
47T
ta

9n AoPD,

ut
au

Ga
Co
tG

et
ne
Ce
v

v
ido
Na

Na
d8 47T
Ce
dB e co 6 do
47 J
Magmetic ield du to cemmliti wu
m

m
ta

ta

Meicosd do
au

au

-R 47T J
tG

tG
ee

8 Cobod
vn

4TT
JJ
v
Na

Na

B 47T J
dim1k

B r simg, - &im-6)]
47T J
am

am

8e. [dim +n
ut

ut
Ga

Ga

MogmetiL {elcl dul to lomg Söaightt cwvmE

 Cavumg naLLCTO LUU o mitl AAmqth

vn

vn
imlimibh,.
tuwnl

Na

Na
4-T

[t
m

am
B:
ta

ut
au

B L

Ga
tG

et
cONdLCTU
CwUuht Cauyimg
ne

ne
domg attaight
u imimu amgth
v

v
Na

Na
Magnutis eld ot amy oumtom the Aris uunt
Covung cwtcular ceil/ Aoop-

die- Bces0
d
dB
m

m
ta

ta

dBaine
au

au

dBano
tG

tG

8- dB ce9

d8
ee

dBceso d8
ds
e
P-dBaine-
vn

vn
Na

Na

the
o adiu ". Kt thvu is a smal limimt ef
Cl. 1st P h the oint, at distamce a i
cuut
on
CUnvu o thu coul at which ue uill
timcd

mogmuic ield. tot d8 ba hi maonutic ielel du to

am

am

Jnth smamt at oimP. titulhd ta omathu

suslu dlßn
ut

ut

sumgh awmunt ei dymmt

Ga

Ga

hguzomtol omd Wttical Comborum..

 om

vn

vn
Bist-auatt douw
astn
d8-A idl

Na

Na
47T F:Aim90

47T

tica combomumt cl R cos 0 amd dB CosO Uu som

m

am
,m09mutual but opbositu im diuUen do Jh
ta

dull comcul to ench oth

ut
au

Jusuultamt omagnuitc ald suu to toth sl

Ga
dhum h
tG

dB AUmo +d B im= 2dBAmO hm

et hun
magmbc iud duw do dmaN langth lumnt I
ne

n
v

v
eld du to compla
Na

Na
tham total mogmotic

B d B Jimo

-94d 4T
Ano=
m

8
o ii ddl
ta

ta

4
au

au

8 o (27Tv) ol =2TJ
tG

tG

47T
ee

B-A
vn

vn

2 )| = (toa)
Na

Na

aT- N N
b hi mumhui o twms im h
Cl
= .Ni
2
(+
am

am

SastI-t combu eciculan coil

ut

ut

n this Casl poimt P uul bu otpsint

Ga

Ga
 vn

vn
8B=Ae
2 (i+o)

Na

Na
B 2 (
m

am
ta

ut
au

Ga
ield cur ds lomo. ssbnoid
tG

.Magmutic
et ot amy poumt en

e
th 0ci
ne

ne
Somold a domductimg uwru
ucumol em a Men-
v

v
comductim hollaU amducal tubt aml ths uUunt
Na

Na
soumg im thi uwu, Uch A tui osystem ib knsum
m

m
ta

ta

a Jomg Salunoid ol mah t' amd

au

au

t s Conhidun
Aciin is s' tii bi thi imall
smal
AB
tG

tG

Jodis cnsb- Phu

Jamgth umut o thi solumaid o umgth 'dl'. tit
o.em
ee

ee
the boimt at distamu th mtru o he
uul md ut magmutit
vn

vn

Jokmoid ot wwhich Jl
Na

Na

ted the s
nhs mumhtr of uwn Jn Jwnlt lmath
um Amall
olmoid , Hum tot mumbwr ef wUns
dumgth sumamt dl sm.d
tham magmetic elol at
P
du to smal lungth
am

am

uns cnu nel

shown in
-O diagam
ut

ut

+h
Cnt)%
Ga

Ga
 n A8Pk

vn

v
Na

Na
(Roduus

ol RK

Bk dô-
m

am
Sm AA8K
ta

ut
au

8k=dlasimo

Ga
tG

om amd et
ne

cd = dl dim o
v

v
dl=Xdo
Na

Na
im n DoAP
dß= 2
nit xdh = (ta2)2

d8
m

m
ta

ta

ol8Mo mi. dind do ns0AP

au

au

.
tG

tG

e. mi in o.do
ee

dB
vn

Aatnoiod
magmetic field du to Cemplii
v
Na

Na

Jod8 nidinp-d
88-4misin4-dg
22
am

am

B mi- coso 7a
ut

ut

-cospJ
Ga

Ga

8 mil cosd2
 o,- Co,]

vn

vn
B ni2 (cos

Na

Na
CabT- olmoid s VUy long thum
= amd o, = 180°
coo-Cos|BoJ
8= e.mil
m

am
ta

ut
au

Ga
tG

G
Sas doumeid is imimitely long
et thn mmagnalc

et
amy Anc/point. bath.
eld ot
ne

ne
=
v

v
amd 9o
Na

Na
B
L.ni lcoso - Cos9oJ

o ni
2
m

m
ta

ta

AhmbuuA Cicutat Lau

teld usequa
au

au

tntrmimt- iml imtegral of magmitic

tG

tG

tG
ee

ee
vn

vn
Na

Na

T
-
am

am
ut

ut

cuwUWMl
Ga

Ga

t uub cemAldwr a Jmg. dtaught

G
 cmductor ullurt imimiti Jisna

vn

vn
aUyimg
P u peilt at ditma.
hauimo UIUnti. At he

Na

Na
v7 n hr cumdil of thl uu at Jichslssmasnf
ield is 8 dl b tht dmabl ungh
t aonglimnf
lthich obrawn ptndp
the Fard d s o Hn
cUUl
-6ctuutui
tht amgl aight
to iong
m

am
magntic ield cduthum
ta

Camductsi illDU

ut
au

Ga
tG

et TT J7
ule hauu
ne

ne
v

v
Na

Na
gal-2Ra
m

m
ta

ta
au

au

tb smhsru' ncuital louw

tG

tG

Alicatio o dmhiru' icuital kout

.
ee

e
vn

vn

Mogmuic
ild dur ds Jlemg,stroight cuyunt,
Na

Na

coUima comaulctot iw o ummiin lungthA

am

am
ut

ut
Ga

Ga
 CUWUWMIC
Lt uls Cnaidwi a iemg AUMaght

vn

vn
uwuo dmgimui lungth haumg cwUntcimUu Ktph
A

boimt at clistomct Ji hom thi utu

Na

Na
ld hn
at uwhich ul uull fimd eutmagntii
Kaur
wom mbsu' a Ciutal
m

am
ta

B dl cso'= uo(i)

ut
au

Ga
B hdl = M.ci)
tG

et =
B2TUT)= MoCi) hd 2T
ne

ne
v

v
Na

Na
Jema dokmold
2.Magnbic Jiuld duu to
m

m
ta

ta
au

au
tG

tG
ee

e
dolsmald. m uacth tuUn
vn

vn

1t us conaidsr a lone Fhi mumbur al

cwwunt isj LhmaL
Na

Na

whic thi emal

tuovn im ib untnhngth: ut d bi thudoimoid u
Jumgh th oriu ethis
houl to dutvumimt hi mmagmilic lol. him
Lm admmall Jomgh lsml 7hin
mumbu otwns cwu |loop
am

am

emtlostd Ay-Hu
hcwuumt
ut

ut

cicuital lau
Ga

Ga

m em tmbwu4
 vn

vn
B.dAuli')

Na

Na
b A

cb
o+
Ba Lces EAlcos9o +
d t| Bdl costo
m

am
,
ta

ut
au

, Ga
=
Bdl+o (mli)
tG

et
ne

Rd (nli)

n
v

v
Na

Na
BCk)= (mki)
B .m
3Mncutic zilddu ds sndlss šoimsid
m

Jsreid)
ta

ta
au

au
tG

tG
ee
vn

vn
Na

Na

1t ws cemsldn am mdls dolumaid(toroid)

o odus (r). tt i hi he Cwwmt im ach
am

am

Jum o thu oioid t m bi h mumbUo

ut

ut

UUnd dm wnit mgth thun total mumh

Ga

Ga

tuutm im th totoid is Trn

 m
Jhan OTOl CUvimt lm tht tonaidi= 27T Srma -O

vn

vn
tnem dmbUa ciluiital law

Na

Na
B-dl cos0 =
ll27T JU
ni)
o 2T JmL)
m

am
=
ta

ut
8 Cat)= A.(2Rimi)
au

Ga
tG

et
oumtial fotm o, mbuu-Ciicuital Lau
ne

ne
v

v
oum eArmbuu cUiwital
Na

Na
le Rmor thot imtegnal
Xow
03.dl =u,td -O

u Rmor that
m

m
ta

ta
au

au
tG

tG

0 6.-po(3.d e
ee

e
vn

vn

em&tSRIs thewm
Na

Na

Cwl B
d =
A d
s
am

am
ut

ut
Ga

Ga
 Vitor_Letintial/ Magmstic otmtial V

vn

vn
Mnomutic

Na

Na
GGtmtia
icld
Victet, is kmeuwm as Mogmulic Lton
t is dumoted t A thin ulation tirm
mogmutic ield Lcton (B) omd mogmillc
m

am
Lcten botimial (A) d'e
ta

ut
au

Ga
tG

rsLn- ull kmow that

et Biot dauant lo
umuTETOUm
ne

d8 oldx)

n
v

v
47T
Na

Na
dhim, total magmtic eld
dl 7T
m

m
ta

ta

47T
au

au

ul kmeu that
tG

tG
ee

SwdA- d cuulA = -A xQrod

vn

vn
Na

Na

thin
d
6- T cwl d-uwl J

mot dublnd en th co- dunal

d do
am

am

ebo cwd d = o
ut

ut

f[ und d o
Ga

Ga

d0, -

J
 J cul dL

vn

vn
Na

Na
Cwl o dl d .idI
TJL
A

Cul A
Aoidl
m

am
whuu
ta

ut
au

em Magmitic Lstoz Rtntiol

Ga
ist- dauot Zaw
tG

et
ull kmeU that
ne

ne
B=cwA
v

v
Na

Na
dB = CwldA
Vxd
dB =
jdk
d= 47T J

Y7 J
m

ds=e a/7xd
ta

ta
au

au

Al+4)x d
tG

tG

J- TT
ee

e
vn

vn

-J
J
Na

Na

la kmou that, Vxdl-o

dl=
cul
x o y dA
am

am

olB
ut

ut
Ga

Ga

3
 Maomutic iulad to a Lomq
dbiaigh CUUumt

vn

vn
comclctol Juwu rom magmil
vict»r

Na

Na
COuyimg
otntial el VLctorr botimiial o
a Joma
comddiucton Juwu
CuwUwnt coUUimg
taiahht
m

am
J'ty2
ta

ut
au

Ga
-X-
tG

et
ne

ne
v

v
Na

Na
cwUwmt i t P hu thi poim at distamcL
th CAmtu0o thL uww at uvhich ww
Om cuut magmitic VLctor botumtial amd
will imd magmitic UtoT fotential
magmotic {lelclthm
mgth imint
clue o mall
m

m
ta

ta

ALe i dy alomg thl

cwvunt
o
au

au
tG

tG

=+*
ee

4TT
Ja2
e
wcton fotemtial dut te
vn

vn

ham, magmtiu
Cemplti uwu
Na

Na

d
am

am

TT
kog z+/
ut

ut

d
A
Ga

Ga

- og (4 Jr)
Ga tG tG
ut au au

the
ta ta

2
leg

e
am m m

s>
uww

7T
Na Na Na
v

(
vn vn

2+2
ee ne

wUy long
et
+Yx222
tG
Ga au legItl t Va7 Ga
t/GtT

ut ta ut
am m am
huorumn
om m@mia

Na Na Na
vn v ne vn
ee e
 vn

vn
Na

Na
YT

TT
magmetic wclorpotenlial.
dt Js Fh ucbualom
ef
wvwmt caUUm
m

am
du to o kemg dtraight
ta

Conduuctel uwu

ut
au

thm magmtic ielc Jucton

Ga
tG

et
ne

n
v

v
Na

Na
k
m

m
ta

ta
au

au

-ap 4i)]-lo-o) +
tG

tG
ee
vn

vn

ZT
Na

Na

+E
B-fo -o) | 4*
am

am

-Mo
ut

ut

27T
Ga

Ga
 thi magnitudi o magnttic field

vn

vn
Henct e.
27T Amd
alovng hi z-axp
27TT

h diuctuon

Na

Na
Magnticild in Mattn
Mnontlamg eld Untimaih- uhum a dubstamci isthu
pAocLd im am ewctetmal magmtic ud
the
hum hs his
m

am
bicomis magnulised magrnitnl
oLLbAtamcl hu
ta

ectvnal magnitic leld which fielcd

ut
kmbun as Magmitiaim
au

Lbstaml ,

Ga
Cahability omagniinimg idd to
magmtin
tG

JL substamce, ia kmoum ai magmiALmg fla

et
thi
ne
imttmath 9t is dmoted by H..

n
v

v
imduction (B) to the
Na

Na
tatis magmutic
pUUmLabiuy o omy mudiwm,
us Amewm as
maamuisimg ield umtmsit thim ,

maomullmg ield Jmtnslltf

m

HB
ta

ta
au

au

-
wcte quamu
t a
tG

tG
ee
vn

vn

Untt -Nuuuten/ smbuu mtet

Na

Na

Nuuton /C Bmpu)
mblu mitu
hmAity e Magmutipaten - Whum a subatamc
m magmiimg Ud thum hi ubstanc
am

am

placLd
magmetinLd O otomdthi substamc
ut

ut

Ucem
dibole (magmit) thu
Ga

Ga

DAccm mmagnitic
, do
 cliboli meminmt m th

vn

vn
Lecuuce amagmetic
ubeltamct

Na

Na
umc thi magmitic dibali m@rnimt roducio
Js kmo.
m mlt valiumu o thi ubeiiamcA, kma
0 imemait magmutition. t ib obo
asmogmtisolüen
m

am
t i dumated bas TI mermimt amol Vhu
ta

ma gmetic oiboli
M6a the o h tbALamce hum imtenut,

ut
au

h molumt tOn
Ga
tG

magnatis at et
=
I Vactor foUm- I= M
ne

n
V
v

v
Na

Na
Unit - Ambuu (mbr)= Ampuy
muter) miter
Magmuic Sndustien / Magmie Smsily -uhin
u
uubetomi ds ocid Jm ht magmAiiALMg eld
m

magniied, aO thUu
Xhun dh aubatomti CmLs
thm
ta

ta

this propuuty
produc thu SropUuty magmutim,
au

au

s mouwn as mduucad magniutm amd hw

tG

tG

phunomumen is Rmom as mmagnitic Jmducion

ield ims imaidle
ee

hun th mumbu magmlcc uunut

passimg htaugh
hHLgh unit
vn

vn

ubatomc!
thi mo.gmiilaid s kmewm as
pUthumdiculon Jo hi dUuciOn,lumoted by e.
Na

Na

aua t ds dimated &y B.

maomtic uc dwnaity
magmtc
Manmtic uumiohilit- Jhi natio o imtemat
to ha magmlUbima ela
jmductem C8) Auumiahiity Jt is
magmtic
am

am

CH), i moum as
ut

ut

dumgted by
-umakiliy
Ga

Ga

Them mogntic
 vn

vn
H
Auutom/ (Ambuu)

Na

Na
Umit-Neouten/sysmute.mebe
sacs oN AU As dimottd bi,
JlaqnetiC Umability fer re
/Am
ognilic pimiablti,
Jh srato ef tht fUmahility u
m

am
Luumiaailit-
Rilatu mmidium (zu) to thi mmogmetic
umiability.
ta

clamy as
as Julotuu
uWaiuu JUmiability.

ut
l) is Rmowm
Shact n aii l
au

Ga

Ga
St is dlumattc by
tG

et

et
dimumaionlsA -quamity.
ne

ne
Stid a umit Jus amd
h Jatio o imdtemsithy
v

v
Maomic dusctbthilitiy-
Na

Na
magnuUation my ubAtamca CI) te ths magnatinung
hi magmitiaimgeld, is kmsum
imtumaity HY
d uAcestibilit: It is dinotd by y.
as maamtic
Thum maamuic UsUptibiliy
m

|m
ta

ta

a wcton quaml
au

au

a
ucto foumX
tG

tG

oimumiemuss qUamuuty tG
ee

ee
Js mitliss 0md
magutic puvmability omd
vn

vn

Ralatism bduum
moomic Ubcrptuility-
Na

Na

ult Rmow hat magmutic ld

B HoC+7)
am

am
ut

ut
Ga

Ga

Ga
 ulatiom hutuum m
Hhu

vn
tis duacptuhility

v
miabilitu amd magmtic

Na

Na
It Xm

t hi ulation hutuultm Julatur

8uscabtilbiltt,
m

am
wmiablty omd mogmitic
ta

ut
au

Ga
tG

Klaiienbutuaun thul magmatic wctoy

et B, H oma
ne

that difrumtial om et ompUu°

v

v
da Rmouw
Na

Na
icuital Jaw-
plocia Jn a
o magmitic subastamci is magmutssd
Whim thim
ma it 6rcemus
omagmitislmg
total Cwvumt
elol
duni
dunsi to tht
Lgual tisatism u
CtUumt
m

CUWUumt dunAty amd magmillesaTion CuOU

ta

ta

dmaitiy um, Sm
au

au
tG

tG
ee
vn

cuwe AL( t Cud ) cwl

v
Na

Na

w 8 (aurtH + cudMT:cul!
Cwug= , Cwd CH+M
Cl B= Cwd
u[HtM)
am

am

A.CR+m
ut

ut

|M=I
B-o CH+T
Ga

Ga
 clnilcotLSn Gmagmc ulbtamcrp - Cn the basis

vn

vn
o thbr tehalLOVT iM magrtybs-mg Helal, th magmlic
hm helhavuoj
au

Na

Na
ubatomcid thu" dubdtamcs which
JhL
asammngmiic dubaTamcls- slughty,
im the magmUlc fulol
ol otiactrd asubtamce.
oT kmeum Ad paammagmic
ccammbl- Mamgamial, copbar itC
m

am
dLb&dtonmcip
ta

uopUus oamagnllc

ut
au

Thy attiact thL magmiic pild Jinisamol au

Ga
tG

atbacted by thum et

e
boramogmilic cduub:stamcs aru lacid im
ne

ne
Wh they au attract
mem- umuolm mogmtiedimg ielc magniluc jrelol
v

v
AUuOMgU bathcl hi
Na

Na
emuutoRul TO
osubasto
i h magmeic uAcapilbility othis
Au dmol bitivi ie
hut

Xm +Ve, sšmall ubastamcls s

m

iv) Ralatuu birmuahilit o this

ta

ta

llightlyuatwr than1 i-e

au

au
tG

tG

mmagmitic Auscebtibiluy thAi subattamc

ee

ee
Vhi brebetimal Ao h abasalut
*hL abasoluL
vn

vn

muunSly thi ubstamce e

ttmpuatuukie
Na

Na

|m m

wue
am

am

wh C = cemstamt
This ow is kmoUm as Cwuaur
ut

ut
Ga

Ga
 vn

vn
Na

Na
M

aph dtuuswn
edubstamce
Xm amd T r paramoguuc
m

am
2 magmiic eŠubAtamc!s hi ubedtanmcis uvhich
ta

im thi magmutic field dlightly

ut
upuhd
au

cdubdtamcl

Ga
u RYDUm Os dimagmiic
tG

tampa- kiol(P6) Bismith (8i), Zimc ( Zm)

et
Qimagmitic esuubetamcs Cumc
ne
ebuTy

n
upil tht magmiic ield imis "ovuu
v

v
i hy
Na

Na
huu J mo pUm0mimt dlibo{i memaml
placLd im
dimagmdic 8ubatamcus Cu
Whun
magnitumg ld thuy au
men-Jmloum por
m

ottracted em trengut to"uuaRtr

ta

ta

thi magniticšusCa-übiluty
d
au

au

ef thisl aubstamcu
tG

tG

iv Jh magnitic
a mmdll but migaÜu.
ee

-ve mal!
vn

vn
Na

Na

thlsA 8Lubstamces u
vRalntim buUmiabilihy f positiue.
lighty ss tham1 kut e

Vi Magnitie cšuacihtibili'hy de thsi ubatoncu

am

am

dbimd
olots' mat n
absolutt
ut

ut

tmpuatwu e hL dubstamc
Ga

Ga
 3. ULmaomIC 0AŽamCLs-Jhe ubstamci

vn

vn
Jhich 0 attacteol im the magnutc ulad

Na

Na
otnongly, att moiUn as Gmagitic
oluLstamcis.
etc.
tambleL- Irem Ntchel Cocnlt
G#uemoamiic ouhstamcy
roblA magmiic ild unis md
m

am
hy attract the thimm boioly
ta

arl attiacted
by

ut
au

Ou slaced im
sllbstaMiS
uhim wsmagmiic

Ga
) pleld thui ovu
tG

men-uUmLem maqmlsimg
attnactd enm ilakv te
et strongr farú ef h
ne

ne
magmtic ild. ailubitanep
mágnitic duAcibtibilty thu
v

v
e!
7hu
Na

Na
iti
ou lar9e biut þositiuu i e
n+va, langt thiu
er ie'e
iv Rulatiue pumtailut ham
substamces
SLbAtamces

is VOy WUu uater

homi
m

m
ta

ta

magmitic iscebtihilityko thL abstua

AUhtamcs
au

au

Vh th
is imubuily bropovtieral
tG

tG

temburatwu "(T c thi ubstamu d.e

ee

e
vn

vn

m
Na

Na

hve C= wue Comstamt

Kaw
Jhis law js Am&wn asCwie
am

am
ut

ut
Ga

Ga
 the temmputatwu o thA duubntomci

vn

vn
vi Whum
dmouosLdaltN a Linad tmflotwU Cwu

Na

Na
tmbvativu), thin omogmitic AbAtamc
becomis bartamagmin
wuit-uuss daur hi magnuic suActibiy
cuwruu
a
Lomagmtic šubatamct abouu hi
m

am
to lhs
tembuatwu is imuwrsly poporutional
ta

thi auhstaner
oabaolut tembtaturu

ut
of
uuncL
au

Ga
tumbulatwu. it
tG

Omo ril
et
ne
(T-T

n
v

v
Na

Na
(T-T
whuu T= absolutt tumsotwi ol thi &ubstne
Te Cwie umpiratul o thi euubstamcu.
m

Hyptwus- hun a uom@gmuic aubatamc s

ta

ta

plocuo um a rnemagmiigimig eld thi

au

au

ubatamu hlcemis magmitisid Sf Juul chamgi

,
tG

tG

imtemslty
hmaomitinimg ild imtmáityimoluuduon
ee

magmtnapatiomn omd magmitic alko

vn

vn

homga but do mot chamgl Jimiarly ww

Na

Na

dueuasl H O 8 I also dicLaAL amd uhtm

H 6cemus zwo, thun 8 I do mat beconml ZUiS.
buhimol buom H
6 hi magmiticld t
Cmantisimg {uld imtensit).
AumcL thu loggima omagmutic telol ot
am

am

umtmty omogmulLauiGn om
magmilAIm
ut

ut

dd imt inatyus kmeun as Yt UuAH

On
Ga

Ga
 magmütiimg
Rtimtuuu- m , Om blconmimg th
zLG

vn

vn
imtemsity mogmlceld umains

Na

Na
idd malmimg magrlic
um hu DLbAtamci this owm as
isicde th subadtamct is.
ield tmanahce
Rutentiuty e Kaicual maomUs mo2
dmtemsitu omaemitisaLor
m

am
Lotcutu- Je uduce im JUuusL
H
s imcuašid
uto zuue, magmisimgo itld
ta

magmutisimg ulol

ut
ww
au

diuclen Jhis ualu TeB bucomL ZUiG

Ga
mtematty at uhich
tG

et

et
ne

ne
A
v

v
Ie18
Na

Na
Rateiliuiky
HmD-
-Hrrox
m

Csrciuty
ta

ta

is a cloaldd losp Jwhuch

au

au

cemplti qrabh ABCD

Jhi EFA
Rmoum as yatvSS Jo.
tG

tG

im whuchphunommamon t
ee

ee
umaamutisoLeT hi
0m magmlLc bKtamct
vn

vn

magmutic proptis
ttsmogmitisation
Na

Na

o , his humomm @n w Eneivrn as

magmaliantion.
ystvuAlS os-
Dwimg tha phumomumen
na.gmtisatien. oncl cumdgnisatin
a
am

am

Knoun as HyuterusUs os.

ut

ut
Ga

Ga
 tuaimg Bisk- bood. 1os hisu Jhos Jh,

vn

vn
dunihunc. rnDyndis. Sindudioh '1o1nih

Na

Na
tmnansir piJd
Jau y dyy J
nom il. bood of Jn
rrrall. Jimgth lsrded
m

am
clR
ta

ut
au

eld dus o rnplh uis

Ga
hn 'rrLoanuie
tG

et
TT
ne

n
v

v
B
Na

Na
f
i dl
m

Cul c
ta

ta

div CA )
= 7.uwl A - A

oll -ds cwd

au

au

div (dix ( l
tG

tG
ee

div nl dld..ClCmstamt
vn

vn

cons2 od a
Na

Na

= 0
Cwl dl
wcten ?
Y7

=- CUwl ad ()
am

am

ul
ut

ut
Ga

Ga

7
 dlcual grad ()

vn

vn
liv B A
71

Na

Na
' Cwl grad ()= o

liu B
7
proud
m

am
lma
ta

dert duiuum tus Jong, straight, baall!

ut
Magmitic
au

Ga
CLUUUTcoyuYmO cmdiuL JUwUs
tG

et
R
ne

ne
v

v
Na

Na
F@2
Q
-- S
parallel
t us tmaidur tuo long, straight amd
m

Comductot uuwus P amd RS cuplaud ate

owamagnilic-
ta

ta

uwu
distama em ach cthu. Whm
au

au

CwUwmtim thi uuuiUs, thuu diucL c

a'magmitic
dd eWmd both uuwso
tG

tG

uuwws.
diucien
the thin ho o
ee

wonks hutuuwn both

e
uuwuw A Saml
vn

vn

jm both
UUmtohattnaction OTCL hituLam hom amol
s
suwuu
Na

Na

uTRs wvumt im bohr

dha diuctien o!
opposike un thuvu wok
a ulsionoo
moomuic fiild
hutuun hbm thumththi
educad. dus to wut wu
am

am

8, -O
27J
ut

ut

dhun magmtic fsL Gn dCend uvu

Ga

Ga
 outaid

vn

vn
B im O
F= l
, imaidu

Na

Na
F= B, sin 9o o 90
&B
F
i
F-
i J
frem
m

am
F
ed l)
ta

ut
au

L m wmut thm uwu

Ga
tnum mmagmitic
tG

RS by uuuwu P. et
ne

ne
4
27T L
v

v
tu diudion o cwvunt
Na

Na
im
Lnilar,
both us s pbauti
R
m

m
ta

ta
au

au
tG

tG
ee

thum tha omogitudi o iimaums odaml

e
ut ec becomts sukulsion.
vn

vn

matuwu
th
sch miut has tuo bolts nt s
Na

Na

Magmtc slo -

moth pelt amd dicomd is sauuth poll Jhis is

RntbuUn O magntic ditole
N
am

am

Magnitic dipole
memunt Au bedluct of UUm
ut

ut

Macmtic ilel
um cOnducto uwu (i) amd
Ga

Ga

uig La
 is nun s mcgrmia

vn

vn
cliboll rOmit
diboi momht

Na

Na
t is clomoted by M
n magnituc
M=A
umat mbuu mbu
m

am
mmaLSm- {L A)
ta

t is a wucton Lamtity

ut

ut
au

VLeto orm-M=A
Ga

Ga
tG

et

et
Numwúcols
assimg
eluctnoms passi
ne

ne
1.what uill ba ths mumbui of
hiatei uuru, im2 mim, t
v

v
tho1ugh a
Na

Na
cauues a cUUUmt abul
m=?
=
t=mim 60 dLC
i= amalne
m

9it
=me
ta

ta

t
au

au

au
ne E
tG

tG

n = t tG
ee

ee
e
vn

vn

m= XE 00
Na

Na

2400
16X10
19
m ISo X1o
am

am

.Sx 1oi
-lo
ut

ut

ut

n
Ga

Ga

Ga
 Cuvvunt hnough a uiu dpmds

vn

vn
2 Jhe
= 2+3 t. Calulat the charoL asdid

Na

Na
o 7h wne um
haugh a croA4 sltton -

wt o oec
2+3 t
t=10 odlc
m

am
ta

ut
au

d 2+3

Ga
tG

et +34) dt
olq=
ne

n
v

v
J da 2t3) dt
Na

Na
2 t 32Jo
2
2lo) +3Cio+o
m

L
=
ta

ta

2
au

au

=20 20t300
tG

tG

2
ee

2 40 t300
vn

vn

2
Na

Na

1= 34
2

2 13o C
3 uvumt4 'duuu diouass umiar
am

am

hrough a
em ambuu t0 o im 5 AC Colcuila
ut

ut

h cha flown thoaugh thi uuut

Ga

Ga
 duung th timl umiLal

vn

vn
Na

Na
Lwhun t = o, =Y AA

= Kx0 +C
m

am
C4
ta

=
whun t

ut
5 ode
au

Ga
tG

O 0= KxS+C
et
Sk=- C
ne

ne
v

v
Na

Na
=(-
m

m
ta

ta

d = t+y
au

au

dlt
tG

tG

d
ee

S 5
e
vn

vn
Na

Na

=Foc0+ 20)
am

am

-J0ot206
-10
ut

ut

J
2=10C
Ga

Ga

o
 4.he cuwwwnt fomt 7= 2x1o14A/
dmsity at a

vn

v
thiron
Fmd thu nat o chaaL lowl caivut)C-m ough

Na

Na
oM-ait ctional ania 2+ 14 =
S m
m

am
ta

ut
au

Ga
tG

et
=
ne
8x to
v

v
amola
almiod o lungh i motutwnu c
Na

Na
5. A Xong
cemsi lo00
Cuiamtel
uuww.
10 Cm
cwemt el 20 Ambuu os thio
n
t, alculate th', "magnctic ilo
m

aris cunbu
ta

ta

at b
au

au
tG

tG

= mt
ee

D= io cm
vn

N=[00o
Na

Na

Magmtic fiild at Cmbu

d
8 MoN
am

am

B 4TTXIO 1GDO_x20
ut

ut
Ga

Ga

B 8onk 16 Xlo
 Tx lo

vn

vn
3

Na

Na
B = 80 x 3:/4 AI0
65 251. 20xo
B 2:S12 x1o Tela
at its en emol
m

am
ta

ut
au

Ga
-2
tG

6- 3.SI2 Xlo
et

e
ne

ne
812 56 xlo Tula
v

v
Na

Na
wwt o.I em im Jadius Cavils a cuwvunt
6. A imoluetion B
ambure md thi mmagmatit
So of thi wl
a th alwcL B lo Tsla
m

So amatl
ta

ta

Un= | Cm
au

au
tG

tG

B
ee

ee
B = So
vn

vn

aTT
Na

Na

B = 4TX/o, 5o0

2
Xio x5xio
am

am

8 2x 1o xS
-S
ut

ut

8 =I DXID
Ga

Ga

RE Teala
 Qlinitionm c 1 dnbvu- ul komd that magmlic

vn

vn
helunnom luuo panalll yvaA

Na

Na
oCL beH lnit length

7
2

RXIO
m

am
ta

ut
=
au

x/o

Ga
tG

2x1o et
NIm
ne

n
=|m
v

v
Na

Na
3012-2xi0
m

which abblis thi

ta

ta

1 Ampuu h Cwvit
un umit umgih butuum
au

au

u ef 2x16Nuten olistancl
tG

tG

paallll uuiw ploud at mit

tus
ee

hauima mi Cuwvunt
vn

vn

Magntic dcalar stintial- hi dcalan whos

Na

Na

js egual, ts hi mmagnillc
migauul acliemt
kmeunas magndil Aab atumtal he
ild vectoy t dlnt ed by uucterhtm B oma
ulation batum magmetic hld
maLgmtic dcalo potenttal Dm
am

am

B-gnad
ut

ut

uw
EtpUAien ul know thad biotdalat
Ga

Ga

um ctor
 iLdLx)

vn

vn
L/71

Na

Na
y7

B
UT
m

am
Gn mmultialpimg di On bath alds
ta

ut
au

Ga
YTT 3
U
tG

B d= ia-(dt et a) : btpreduct a
LoTorrauahu
47T
ne
3

n
v

v
Na

Na
YTT
=
[Ene) (Br)-E

-do xdl'=dA
m

olA CCos0
ta

ta
au

au

d dACO
tG

tG
ee

(aAcos0
Bd -0 dw
vn

vn

-Me d.dw
Na

Na

cllo d + dudy + dlO dz

Oz
tdy tdak)
do=/D t o0t Oa).(dxi
am

am

d w. d
ut

ut

d= gtalordst
Ga

Ga
Ga tG tG
ut au au
am ta ta
m m

hin
Bol

Na Na Na
ad
T
-

v
Pt iw
vn vn
Y7

ee ne
et
tG =

-2rod-ad o
Ga au Ga
ut ut
pm

am ta
m am
9rod w dJ

magmutc Calar potmtil

Na Na Na
vn v ne vn
ee et
Ga tG Ga
ut au ut
am ta
m am