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Semicoduckon dvode

E l o(c
m n )
aAou CaJuo)

. Hle
Cmimuut a J io )
abomay dnoda eludaony
amd thub 3oim posihie
Crosge nd 3 sknsntud
.

a t +ve ion)

uohe m P-Tpe SC abm>


Maouy coJuieu) GCcer JudSm Od

Eledanus huy 2ain nuadve cho


Cminouty CaJui u) amd 'a e rd a
-ve ion - ve i6

P-Typ Sc

PNDide uith e eztsnad l g e


N-pee

Depdetiom

«m nsmoluy in ha ion
nem ?N diode w olbi cadd,
Omd SMO na

each okthen md Combim


h a Cach
Pacn Secombimobh'm elimi noday a hols omd a u s a

amd
pbhotay , hu nugaiua accekho \ » in p asn
ODHue donon wy m thu N i n m he iTme dioda Teighbaluhaod

a s UmCompenyalad,

h A n ComBaimimg mSmemaad cLepON 1OTs s donon luny

Calad daploin Jugion (re. tha daploiom o mda l th

ie, be imy om
hy ehon Con s i mmanila ( d) jons
ne pide amnd + ue ioTy mhe nide, u t h a Sadit

Chanaad,So i > also auud td a aface dhage u n


m p sde wil obpoae dne moememt o
h a - e inmy
nsde amd +e iony on dho nide l
elsSnany hem
babunia u
h o s om >ida. &o a
Oppaas msuementh

Chae cauniew
poa
ms\emment o
oomed o N

a U o ) hia Dauuiin Jy (as d cu


The Uaage dsel dpacd
on babie poismtia
bosie valkge

Fon S = O ev
o-3 evN
ne
auk
emoement o A o n y coJnien
Tha basuien dppoaS dus u conk-
bu
oou he m a e menr minohuiy (aJOÀAY
entoom dh do nat Coniaueuki
Numcuon uilh and biad

P tpe

S1im

wnon Ae umima s t bateny cnmediad p>ide and


Jo

e tnmiinal e batey Cgnmedud Jo nida, dhm Pn aisa

e n d biabed

biadad J n holuy asu ahud om


Onom 8 N umdion J ond
OmavNe
omira b d e y omd am Compdod
poRe

drulh Juandy h
nd An bake Omd
m
mcdyon.

s eludbom amd hoa move aoo» e Aumdim , pafomtya


adaco dhe wnddh ha dahubm
auen sducad amd

eedon Omd hoo dnot o d


Oneach atmbindiON A
emu the
om elacim m egadi ve mi no h o hdeuy
nm doult Jouandy HumdtuOn.
N- maerua
3hs pobtHue Jmid
mad n h p-typ& Thaes nea

a omd Sm tho Gutad Omd

p o i t e wmind he \nue
Fon each eladb
doutDwandy n untin
Sm tha exinma UTUik

PN

VO
KvoT

when
UDnUnt)
sanatoh UUnt(OnSeahage
S Reveue

k 6o0 4en e
S

T Tet 233

when 9D =o
Lo Is Ce -

)
Ig C-)
=

daodo ushen no
O Unant Uuill ow 3hoaugh
xvned vetaae a apu ed

2) snen VDz
KVD TK
I Lse

Vals algubumt
AOn e
CmA)
Omd Cam
79

=
O ev onSi
- lev on e
10

= O3ev0S
leV one

NAumcuon wu th evSHe biaa

Depein-

nmecad Jo pSde amd


hen Teetiue m i a l h e batteuy
badteruy Commedd nSide dhe
paai ve isumina n
diode hon diods ' Jaid na Tev bidad

a dnaum Ouyay om dhe umeio


Hoseyn mmout Cani Cam oy th umdim úmd e d u
A h e onden rOme amp in iom didu md miGe-

mpelu xud hem Tat rdin w

wnethe bdtey Joltage lo Cm Nah.

Coe3: VD 0

ID Ls e

Sm COmpaunud
CCam ba i nond) oge
A e
MAS)
ID = -LS

Royee ndim OUund


Reiytamce Lee

D StadC Rosmtoan e

ContaumumA Sc diod
voltage do
CACLLU

a Dc
DC
Ahe hanct nub'c
chand nitc
eult dn gen am openaing pent om

ith imne
CAuove had nat hamge

RD= Vp

AC Duomic Roistore

e Ovd
O Jmput l mo ve

P od dawn oion chaaderusksc O,


mam
dalnay CAJOnt om yolaae

Avd

Aope e o s heyolus o ha SUTne chee i n


Olanee

dheuene h
genend o e -paunt dpnaluon a hisnen
bnce

Equivalomt de Disde

Ea yarn cr sdioda

em

VY
Arests on DyGde
d a n disdey

OV Vo
om A

Find Vo

-o -OmA
=Vs

Disde FO SS

TD O =MomA
K

LD=o
oV k
L R
0 20m
2K

Vo LCIK)
-(Jom AYCIK)
= 20 V

IKS
lomA
ov

TAT7
Id Va
4ov
3iks

Rnd AB

ov D2 2A0 lok

Umg Pactice Dides

Doda u l F

Vo 20 2V

T Mo -o 2
K

39 8 m
Iminoduction

Electu erey avalahla ome), md n Trdia n ho sim

altenäumy uotage
h e ubply hay uolleae 2.20v (ms) a a aquuma Sot

Fon dpnio TweA a deuite, m udnsTic eqysprmendiy


CRT (STepup
dc vstige J nGsdad.(eba eruymim.htom (Srep dostn
device to (onvet o.C d

volee
Thamslevmen Rader oad

Tanslmey Ued o 3tep on tep -dGun the a.c p P

V9ramo bumo
N Se conda

Rclie a . c
d.c
H inuil aqnod smoothmina p l i n a
een
ad o aqulal Valage
Vurase uokN

Lead
Lead J
uui b aing dc Ualae
Ha oe Recln

iode

dcGuxtp
U-m S nJt
22ou
56h2
Posen moum

H:Hawaveadien a nuut

F n Idad coe

vn ve Diode Cmduy CF: 0S)

SD Vin Vm

Vn -ve ode do n cmdud (R8)

wAv m

m-Vy(fonPgcirel
Vo
autpul Vcilaqe
wt> waudam

3
D

Fon rad' cad case


Vo
Ve
n - r)R
+9d
2d<eRR hen
Vo
Pe ar

Maumumm Vaage 3 di oda m uthltam duuumg magaive


had he irpu Thus a ah ue ae

PTV-Nm

9e ne
wave
DGdus a a Jmne
Cutput doli h e aenage
a d ammeen

e o 8hous
9me gadury

m S m s t dt

CeJuut

-Vm

-Nm
2XT

=O318 m

Smatb Tde o 312 m


Comgideim

O a d i ca m- Vy
318
O
Cm
-
Vr)
318
-a O
Vm Sirmwt)d t

Sin2ot dt

-S1h2ust

Sim 2x2
2 W

o
2T

Similasd 2
p e lacto ( )
Compomont amd am

he sutpaut adikien Ccmis o a d c


doknouum ilpp)
ac Componant
The a. Campone umdosmahA
md accomby dhe udaton

O
ecb

Sa cale Cmporond
m S yodug
aCome nont ko ha dr
T hThe Snaduo Gacs
byOuSTN
m u d e . suu

Ums Vac

No
2 2
Coods dc al-aae o hous
Thu ippa yaJkeqe
a c mko de.
O poo

Cem
Recie ac n p pouen
att
toha applied
pGLoe

S a
d-cpaus oP

a pous ea

Pa-

Pa

+RL)
aC= Tms nd

d RL

X loo
Hemce 3mTRL
tL
(Lm2 ( Sid

1d RL

o
Qo 6
a C mput poen

ve
uG 6 |
pOwe.
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Comtse

Cemta
O

Vo

D
Suumg ue h OL Condudy FO) amd D2 dsa mot Conducd

amdauct RS) amd D>cmdud


>Duu -N he dues nat
F
/

UM

D wt
TT

D Cordauds

Nm+

Vma m
J Spp) tCLoad) a Dz
2 ouV
SoH2

Du 03

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e
C d u c tCarrducd
Dy amd

TedeLen
FD S-C
S D2 F omaD
Dond
Se potenu a A amd
m appaaUng sRL Dcm D c S
homce
m

Vm Simwtdt

- (caystYL

-2 n

O-636Dn
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2T
Cnngdee p u c t l isde

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o 636 m- 2 y )

TlL
m2 Sim t dt
TIL
- Ccoyzt dt

t Sin 2wt
2

Sm 2 *

ockn )
Uym

o482

TdeL
o es h d a ) (Td RL)
23mT X \ou )
Pa

Th 8hau) tha a txm eeme

wice sh ah ue a
2

Cenlne- t acin
d edae
Cemtetop d
t doey nt e aine Cemba- tappad qui
s i ndUma hacoua
Cendoy

a
2) Trama lme> a dau
amd hemle trnman
TDarslemen Jo Cad i

ne P1 o
eadn dugde
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Simce eadn dids o iod ae
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m

5sqina S s -u a g e p l t a n s
aidn ComdudS
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T aelay

adi ien
then im b i dge
uk
s à 2 amd
md hbente
nce
eama )
a 3.c
Tuos dtoduy CL a
diode a .
a w hacomey pon.
Je
auet m
m

ten Uallage
Oaraae
amd cheabeik
e
Ths s h imet
a c omd hih 10adome.
l uadame pah sn
Capait0n e
Lapaditsn

hone
a S m pot
pot
dhnough gad -Gnya Sma
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ac CompsTOntpabay thaoua

POen

22 v

3T

choge
onen tha adiien Gutpu Ugltage i snouasimg, tha Caþa utsh
Johe paae yage Vm. m A to B)
br apacban
vallase i o to ho,
peamt , tha sacai uut
a me
Since h a Saunce vellage
hoy + m Ua aUay i .
w \y SD Smd Cunaent
a S33 tham m the apacta
dioda t h e sudken).u
n e e e bida
Sce sgh
digda e . acme oemcmuuite.
he doda 0.C) digonneds
3abeda 3hu Jounce m
J eod The capaitaay Stosta o dichoge tou
ead md aach psimk C
he diod agaim Stoonds Candudung Gmd Cpa

hathoad o ha« vallage Um C to D

0 d e pasida Char
Cubuont c
ll eod ouDDUnt L Omd n dunuma

mam inod
30nd CuJUni nd Heme u n m

h end a m
aacdo ddpamd pon
Chansunamd dshaan
Rhe Comytan
me
the Sorgeo t h
sme Consom T: RC
Steadien yalage much 3hen

dixhae e
Capaaten
doey a r

a i d nd a d
ed
m e then
csprcian u
Cve. moe p
Cm om
Ualage uid nota
20m Se

T RLC
C 20Tm Sec
Reveue uakdowm
w
iN diada o vey Sma amaamt o wavontou

Th ' ad ay saterye
dn amae u A amd mA Gie amd s Dapedrvj
Lahase Udnon 'admoa indeendent ied voltagg.
1dbeben a he votuge adoüed vey ah ,

UJnom n

omed povjdod nat ehading ha et pmameily

damagedà aha Guta.


- Thene Ce Juso pn oceyaG u i d h Cam Cauug umduom bbaohdaam

tZeeA uardsun
Avasamdna bakdaum
2enen hoandum
inoualad elodoi eld a) aundaon
> nan ne ve>e bia

Thus a
h i h l a u i c iold cauy Covasnt bsnda do woak.
Jasge mo hage Caiey aaa. mes»idod a
(ed s
age usoont o aLs Tmachamim
eaedsum
6V
Avadarnche raadadaun
I m casa aadapnahe buahdaum, he noassnd eadiekld
Casb'moecag 'in vdoide ninor asuiey
Tha n exne cosdien a s n Cadaknt bonday handay

u m maa endad (aouos oaa acceadtad


Ond t a uale m e (sndont bomds duumg tainHnav.
abge Cobuisamd t h JaSaa amaum
h adnasrisn C a d a avalanhe ahdoun
ocu onolegey > 6
Zenen Diode >Z-D

Smbol
V

m doaung Concetroion
on t h Hla dnOuge
basi colluy aP-n umct

A n a a rdoun dicde
maum a Conytamt Vetage device
Popula
Fobuakud omu dh Si
a penóa d umden P
whem openadod umden

O 6 to 0. v

ee-
V Choasndoisticy 2emendiode

CondudtiT
N

puard9un Votage ,

J RS boow
uhen 2 enen dioda diode
dàoda
Phactc
2enen
UUmt podsimq n o u g n
non comducanA
2e CAnd 2eme
dAods

eyeie Natage qualy V8n h e


Unem
Ahy duG
d
dioda d d e n Jm U
td L2
2D m e Jmto condhon.
pre menom
p u a r douwn

NeeINe ollaqe
buau t 3enendioda
b paasi

ce
DmamC s )Nonn
Zenen Slode d yoltaae uulaon de

Eavadent cincuit
Zemendi oda

OFF
ON
a)

v amd R i ad hu
the 3at «,
Step: etemime
zene diode amui na J m
Lz amd coladkima
ha heune
hs Volkage aouD» Jaudiuta
open cnuut

KLVj
V= VL =

amd lue
Step
Srep Subatitua tha appmopi eauüvalmt ca
dusinud umensuny
= Vz on oN STota

PoFF 3hak
T
Tz R - TL

TL V amd
dakerurv
ay FGn tha Tenen diod \w wen ala, dateumuma V
S2omd fz
Rapea panr (a) th

V-z1SVN
PzM:3om

sa

6V 2RRL VL

V 16) Craky) 84

Simue V= 83v i J»
oFFTodo
Suharituuna O

VL V=8:3v

o A

Fon R 3K
2vy
SImLe V2 )2v aaten tham V2 loV , Jha diodo u

VL N2 \ o V

oV =6v
vi -VL - 16 N
= 331mA
3SL
= SV a 6m

2 6 mA
mA-3 33m A
-

VzT2 Ctov) 2-64mA) =


26 m
2
3omu
lu mam the paied zM z
whicn '

Aaton
beaic jame
Dueu a td d yoltage Vz , thes'y hak ha
u d en
oluusuCamd thaukenaoad duart) wnidh

ad i t n R u poult im VL sss tham Nz


Too 3m a

amd 2emen daoda uil a 'm oFF Shok


tuUn th
nimumead submKe thod
Tb areumne tne mi u t i n =Vz
Caladadu RL ime
2emen diod m gi mpl
L Vz= K

V-Nz
e Tomans ed

Lz -

Sme Sub tudarrg

the m i n i0
on Lz oausr

Lmm

LLmin

ha Tmge
em a detesomine
mai nourad at 1sv
omd L t t uud JUult in VeL bsxma
RL

6 eeumine he ramum Lso1ageai


KS

RVz (1o)
Rmim v-Nz So-10

= 250 Sn m-3m

R -V2. 4oV

o amA

- Vom
-
32 mA =m
LLmin R-l2m
2 5 k SL

umin
(1o)32mA) 320mw
P = VzLem
Fud RL varuav
Fon

viimin deomi nd
VLV2. RLV
RL+

(RLR)VNz

he man ala o vi i imiled

1 man
omd 2 m the max iz2
ed z
Si me TL'
RL

Vz
Viman = Lemrau
, tht l a
a1amee Vaua
Deresmine

22o$

z2
m-6omA,
RLS2K5 VL

vimimn
L ) V 2 0 0 42o11) L2oV)23 63v

16- 64 mA
LL VL 20 =

RL - 76 6 m0
6omA t 6 69 mA

viman
6- v
ht Emi lfma od

3-3V

>3-15 Saperoa
CAut' Nadage
OTmope biaod

o o LmineLene

LED emded dsss o a Jostae mo

dadand sd mobeid Grahs

pdnec Gemd Gap (T0Gn)


dapatad

dapobad
Mor otho ene

SoN Gnd

Sdup d
me

m
m

8 )
C'. se S
LED
HGSc madsnid urrde Cavood ddp

LED Cam

CoTdb anymtlen

Com Gro
mt
t LE) orm
ble dum

e
LED dskends dn

Col.on

dide d i

2
ene malrual neV
wavedan

e.

E u (oad
unde

LED cbond LE av
o u a n d

LED Am Ase
R ponse sme

ime
Ssprehion

ommImd e
Cndba
Oma
a po device
Photo du od e > o

Pnoto Sentiue Coatinng

ceue
aPhto >ena tive
y
iple > Photo Corduch ue e d
DA nAim s
medo poto
umctrodn

Phe to E Hue matenialy one

Se

PoS
Pnotodiode PTooaema ite Coakha i phsvided sy
a he ncbm.
width &
Photo di sda ha anqe doplouon o e
Conc. oPamd
dcAnO e doping
thi obtoimed

m ahe

mot comdut
ncrm
dh photo diode
mden f8
pena
e
D T disda photoodo
wrem ompaned

lso tme ugen >mttu a


Los pow en hnamdling, ady antage
ae Photos ods bA pamodma

S
Gpeautm

Pept umnden damem

eveme auaAm UTomd

hema nena

C1pas

nA S
Cmdasdng
a
ar olodA the mdouo hen ma Jmtensi
and dar JD
Aurg a na unctkmn t
en a no Coaemd bords mear omd chaage
hage
CObsiers a kea eo ond Condudt uy t h e a s

ppe ca d Photo Cordndbtve

LPotoyn 7 LDasr

1Pnahom
SL
to L

SL
Lwmen Neryb

Fon a
god PheAodt od Ahe emt ad
Joqpirom

dae
Ge Keten Peorarnse

C noym
mna canies:
Note- wren

ren no e
w omaim umoead

omote cortbo >ensT


SiCn -ConbJod Pedi Sce)

ate
Stmbol

ttode
VF

Cothode

gake
P

-NG
SGT LC2
Vgate
Tale ov

E
777

neruoa o t Vkte
Fon
vs E2 =Vgate =o
, AS2=o v

I C o to STeu
totun
th

H mpedemse
AtEi
pube V ulppeon a 3ho scr

Calocto CuUomt 2 uil hen


n Auounod on valu

Cc pndung

c tme toOofA
lo
duacey a Jane
FO pooe

on
Tme t o o 2SAS
m ome n h
tba
Commst dund
sm
a megetve pulde to
ain
Cam ax smed techmiqua)
Commuttim
Fonted
a fominl

HH
OF

a me donie

VO

He SC as
VF TA
Fawand Conduovm

RevOnee C nQnt
aeodo
uotageei
Fouund
evee
Foud

hot
alkege aboue
i
Fsstuand erecr ove \olmae ) F -
c h oSeR emtey Condut M

) Holdimg CAont Tu) -

i, r o
he
Condu
dum t a to
e SeR uithe mdhe
becerna

Cgndi tRm
neA&
o h o q e cOJnier

a e
mode ehode

Revedse n d o n m e m t e t u w o

O
2emen dida
Aucllanche s

ppscott o r

Osts Suilch

E mp o r e i n C o r y o

3som

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