0367 - 2353: ‫ د‬ ‫رت‬

" ‫ق‬‫ "آ‬

5507-2602 :‫ د إ‬ ‫رت‬
291 - 281 .‫ ص‬.‫ص‬

،‫ع ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ص ا‬‫ و‬‫ت ا‬‫ا‬

‫وم‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت‬
New Technologies and development opportunities in the tourism sector,
E- Tourisme application requirements

djemilnassima@hotmail.com 1

2021/06/30 :‫ﺗﺎر ﺦ اﻟ ﺸﺮ‬ 2021/06/06 :‫ﺗﺎر ﺦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‬ 2021/05/06 :‫ﺗﺎر ﺦ ﺳﺘﻼم‬

‫ﻣ ﺺ‬
‫ ﺴ ﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺿﮫ‬،‫ﻌﺘ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ أ ﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت واﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟ ﻴﺌﺎت اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺬا اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺗﻮاﻛ ﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺿﻤﺎن ﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎت ﻛﺒ ة ﻋﻠ ﺎ‬
. ‫ﻇﻞ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫إن اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ أدى إ ﻇ ﻮر ﻣﺠﺎل أو ﻣﻔ ﻮم ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬،‫ ﻋ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ‬،‫اﻟ أ ﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ﺿﺮورة ﻣ ﺔ ﺴﺎ ﻢ ﺗ ﺸﻴﻂ اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟ ﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬، ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ وﺷﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺟﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة و اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ وﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟ ﺸﺮ ﻌﺎت اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﺎ‬
.‫ﺪف ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺬا اﻟﻘﻄﺎع و ﺴ ﻴﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻔ ﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﺑﺮاز أﺛﺮ ﺎ ﻋ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬،‫وﻣﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺗ ﻨﺎول ﺬﻩ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘ ﺎ‬
.‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ‬،‫ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬:‫ﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
Abstract
Tourism is considered one of the most important industries and economic sectors, due to
what it knows of global competition and the great challenges that modern developments impose on
the tourism industry, which makes the bodies concerned with this sector keep pace with them in order
to ensure continuity, especially in employing modern technology in the tourism field.
The meeting of the tourism sector and modern technology led to the emergence of a new
sector or concept, e-tourism, which for the tourism sector has become an urgent necessity that
contributes to the revitalization of tourism practices, through various websites, electronic applications
and social media E-tourism is the analysis, design, implementation and application of IT and e-
commerce solutions in the travel and tourism industry; as well as the analysis of the respective
economic processes and market structures and customer relationship management. The potential for e-
tourism is considerable despite the limited impact of ICT in developing countries. The majority of
developing countries are mainly concerned with setting up informative e-tourism websites to market
their destinations.
This research paper, introduce og e-tourism and the statement of the importance of tourism
electronic and its impact on the tourism sector.
Key words: New Technologies, E- tourism, internet

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 ‫‪ ‬م‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﺬ أﻛ ﻣﻦ أر ﻊ ﻋﻘﻮد ﺗﻮﻇﻒ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎﻻت ا ﻴﻮ ﺔ‬
‫و ﺳ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪان‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺟﺎء ﻛﻨ ﻴﺠﺔ "ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ" ﻟﺘﻄﻮرات ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﻓ ﺎ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻼم و ﺗﺼﺎل واﻟﺮﻗﻤﻨﺔ وﻇ ﻮر اﻟﻮ ﺐ ‪ .2.0‬ﻟﻢ ﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ داﺋﺮة ا ﺪال‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ و ا ﺮك‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ وﺟﻮد ﺎ أو ﻃﺮق اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﺎ ﺑﻞ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻲ أو ﻧ و ﻮﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻛﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﺣﻀﺎري ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺠﺎوزﻩ أو ﺗﺤﺎﺷﻴﮫ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎل‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺪة ﺳﻨﻮات‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ و ﺞ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ وا ﺪﻣﺎت إ اﻟ و ﺞ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺬا‬
‫ﻌﺪ ﺎ أن اﻟ و ﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدئ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻄﻮة "ﺟﺮ ﺌﺔ" ﻣﺠ ﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻗﺐ ﻟﻴﺘ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺎن‬
‫ﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻮ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدات اﻟﺪول واﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻟﻠﺰﻣﺎن واﳌ ﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻐ ﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﺳ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﺎد و ﺼﻔﺔ ﺗﺪر ﺠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ و ﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺮض ا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت واﻟﺪول‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﺮض اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و ﺗﺼﺎل‪ ،‬ﺻﻮرا ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠ و ﺞ ﻟ ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻌﺪدت اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﺣﻮل‬
‫ﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﺳﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ أو اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺪف ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أ ﻤﻴ ﺎ وأﺛﺮ ﺎ ﻋ اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﺎ ﺴﺎ ﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﺎرت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ا ﺎرﺟﻴﺔ و ﺗ ﺸﻴﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺴ ﻴﻞ ا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻮﺟ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮع وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓ‬
‫اﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻀﺮور ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ و ﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت واﻟ ﺸﺮ ﻌﺎت اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬إذ ﺸ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺻﺎرت ﺸ ﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎرب ‪ %75‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪)2010‬اﻟﻌﻄﺎر‪،‬‬ ‫ﻢ ﺬﻩ ﺧ ة‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺘﺨﻄﻰ ﺬا اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ‪ 100‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎر دوﻻر‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻛ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ وﺳﻴ ﻮن‬ ‫ﺬا ا ﺎل ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪ ،2010‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ،(26‬ﻟﺪى ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮن‬
‫ﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﮫ وﻗﻊ ﻋ‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺳﻨ ﻨﺎول ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺬﻩ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔ ﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴ ﺎ وأ ﻢ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻐ ات ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ﻋ اﳌﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺪو وا‬
‫إ واﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ا‪‬ت ا‪ ‬و‪‬ص ا‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ع ا‪ ،‬ت ‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬
‫ا‪ ‬ا‪‬وم‪‬‬

‫‪..1‬اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ وﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ)‪ (E-tourisme‬إ )‪(M-tourisme‬‬

‫ﺷ ﻞ‪1‬‬
‫اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻗﻮى اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫إن اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺒ ة‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﳌ ﺴﺎرع اﻟﺬي ﻌﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إ ﺟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎل و ﻋﻼم اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫و ﺸﺮ ﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺄﺷ ﺎل ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ )ﺻﻮر ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﺻﻮت وﻧﺼﻮص(‪).‬ا ﺮ ﻲ‪ ،2011 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪(85‬‬
‫ﺳﻮاق اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﺠﺴﺪ أ ﻤﻴﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻼم ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ واﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﳌﺎل وﺧﻠﻖ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﳌﺴ ﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة أﻗﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ا‬
‫ﺰ اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق‪ ،‬اﻟ اﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟ ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮ ﺎت اﻟﻄ ان‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أو أ ﻢ اﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪...‬ا ‪ ،‬و ﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﺬﻩ ا ﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟ ﺴﻮ ﻖ و ﻋﻼم اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ا ﺮاﺋﺪ وا ﻼت ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪»  « le‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .(www.Tourmag.com 1998‬وﺟﺮ ﺪة ‪« le‬‬ ‫‪)tour mag‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ إﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ا ﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﺟﺮ ﺪة‬ ‫‪Quotidien‬‬ ‫‪du‬‬ ‫» ‪tourisme.com‬‬
‫)‪ .((http://www.quotidiendutourisme.com/c/production‬وﺟﺮ ﺪة » ‪) « l’écho touristique.com‬ﺟﺮ ﺪة‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ )‪((www.lechotouristique.com‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎدا ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺴﺎ ﻢ ﺷﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺟﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺎ و ﻌﺪ اﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎت » ‪ « Forums‬واﳌﺪوﻧﺎت » ‪ « Blogs‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أ ﻢ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ا ﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﻮر أو ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﺎت‬
‫رو ﻮرﺗﺎﺟﺎت أو أﻓﻼم وﺛﺎﺋﻘﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿ ﺎ اﳌﺪوﻧﺎت أو ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺟﺘﻤﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟ‬
‫ﻋ اﻟﻴﻮﺗﻮب » ‪ « youtube‬اﻟ ﺳﺎ ﻤﺖ ﺟﺬب ﺟﻤ ﻮر واﺳﻊ و ﻗﻨﺎﻋﮫ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻮﺟ ﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ ‬م‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬

‫‪« Benjamin‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺜﻞ ر ﺒﻮرﺗﺎج» ‪ « n’allez en Algérie‬اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف ا ﺮج اﻟﻔﺮ‬

‫» ‪ Martinie‬اﳌﺪﻋﻮ » ‪ « Tolt‬ﺴﺒﺔ ﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﺪوﻧﺘﮫ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺎول ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺬا اﻟﺮو ﻮرﺗﺎج‬
‫ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‪) .‬اﻟﺮو ﻮرﺗﺎج ﻋ اﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻛ و ﻲ اﻟﺘﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻐﻴ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫)‪.(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQCgFuRJfwI‬‬
‫وﺗﺘﻌﺪد اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺎت ﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠ ﺪف ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬اﻟ ﻳﺪ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻌﺮف ﺑﺄ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ "ﺗﺤﻮاس" )اﻟﻮاﺟ ﺔاﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻳﺪ وواﺟ ﺎت اﻟﻌﺮض‬
‫ا ﺰاﺋﺮ ‪ (http://www.tahwas.com/‬وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ وا ﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﳌﻘﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺎر ﺔ وﻋﻘﺪ اﳌﺆﺗﻤﺮات اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻌﺪ‪...‬ا ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠ ﺎ اﻟ و ﺞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻧ ﻧﺖ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺴﻮ ﻘﻴﺔ ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎ ﻌﺘ‬
‫ﻋ أوﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻗ ان ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ أدى إ ﻇ ﻮر ﻧﻤﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ (e-tourisme) -‬اﻟ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ – اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و ﺗﺼﺎل ﻐﺮض اﻟ و ﺞ ﻟ ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﻋ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺸﺒ ﺎت‬
‫اﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ واﳌﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ ﻣﺒﺎدئ وأﺳﺲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻼ ﻓ ﺎ ﻋﺮوض ا ﺪﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎح اﻟﺮاﻏﺒ ن اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻗﺒﻮل اﳌﻨﺘﻮج اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﳌﻀﺎﻣ ن‬
‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪..1.1‬ﻣﻔ ﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻌﺪ ﻣﻔ ﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻔﺎ ﻴﻢ ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻤﻔ ﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬
‫واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ ﺎ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺪف اﻟ و ﺞ ﻟ ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬و ﻨﺎك ﻣﻦ ﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﺸﺒ ﺎت اﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ واﳌﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻرﺗ ﺎز ﻋ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻋ أ ﺎ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺳﻴﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻌﺾ اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑ ن ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ وأﺧﺮى أو ﺑ ن ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ وز ﻮن )ﺳﺎﺋﺢ( ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮ ﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫و ﺗﺼﺎﻻت ) ﺎ ‪ ،2017 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(222‬‬
‫و ﺘﻌﺪى اﳌﻔ ﻮم إ أ ﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻟ ﻲ ﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻋ ا ﻮال أو اﳌﻮ ﻴﺎل )‪(m-tourisme‬‬
‫أي ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮ ﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟ ﺰة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﺎﻟ ﻮاﺗﻒ واﳌﻔﻜﺮات ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ )ﺑﺨ ‪ ،2010 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑ ﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻌﺾ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﮫ ﺑ ن اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ ،(276‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺎ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺳﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴ ﺎ )‪ (B2B‬أو ﺑ ن اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ واﳌﺴ ﻠﻚ )‪ ،(B2C‬أو ﺑ ن اﳌﺴ ﻠﻜ ن أﻧﻔﺴ ﻢ )‪ (C2C‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬
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 ‫ا‪‬ت ا‪ ‬و‪‬ص ا‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ع ا‪ ،‬ت ‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬
‫ا‪ ‬ا‪‬وم‪‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و ﺗﺼﺎل اﻟ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺮوض ا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧ ﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1990‬ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‪)degriftour.com :‬ﺑﺨ ‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺑﺎﺳﻞ‪ ،2008 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .(18‬وﻗﺪ ﻇ ﺮ أول ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺳﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ ،2010‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(276‬‬
‫ارﺗ ﺎز ﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧ ﺸﺎر اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧ ﻧﺖ واﻟ ﺗﻘﺪم ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺗﺼﺎل‪ ،‬ﻷن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣ ﺎن ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻓ ة اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻀﺎت ﻣﻤﺎ ﺸﻂ اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫)‪.(Balaise, 2004, p. 16‬‬
‫ﺪف ﺴﻮ ﻖ‬ ‫ﻠ ﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎ ﺗﺒ ن أن اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻞ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﺒ ﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت وا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﺗﻮﻓ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ و ﺴ ﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ و ﻞ أﻧﻮاع اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪..2‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪..1.2‬اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ اﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت‬ ‫إن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل إ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻈﻢ و ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫دار ﺔ اﻟ ﺗﻮاﺟﮫ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘ ﺎ اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺳ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﻣﺒ ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋ أﺳﺲ ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ و ﻣ ﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟ ﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺑ ن ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ وو اﳌﺴ ﻠﻚ أو اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟ ﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬إن إﺷ ﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل إ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋ ﺗﻮﻓ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ دوات ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻻﻗﺘﺤﺎم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ وﻓﻖ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ اﻟ ﻳﺪ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮم اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺼﻮل ﻋ اﻟ ﻳﺪ اﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻣﺮاﺳﻼ ﻢ و ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﺧﺮى أو اﻟﺴﻴﺎح‪.‬‬

‫إ ﺸﺎء ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ )‪ :(pages d’accueil‬إن اﻟﺘﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻔﻌ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ إ ﺸﺎء ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻛﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ أو ﻋ‬
‫ﻧ ﻧﺖ)ﺑﺎﺳﻞ‪ ،2008 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ،(23‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ وا ﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ )‪ :(Site web‬ﺗ ﺄ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق أو اﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬
‫إ إ ﺸﺎء ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺪف اﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺨﺪﻣﺎ ﺎ وﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬

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 ‫‪ ‬م‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬

‫ﻋﺮض اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺷ ﻞ ﺻﻮر أو ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت أو ﻟﻮﺣﺎت إﺷ ﺎر ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪، (ploton, 2001, p. 75).‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ إﺳ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠ و ﺞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﮫ اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق ﻟﻠ و ﺞ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫و ﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ن اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﺋﺢ واﻟﻮﺳﻄﺎء ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﺸﺮ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ إﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺬاﺑﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺢ ا ﺪﻳﺪ أو ﻣﺎ ﺴ ﺑﺰ ﻮن ﻧ ﻧﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي‪ .‬ﻓ ﺴﺎ ﻢ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻨﺎدق ﺑﻨﺎء و ﻌﺰ ﺰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر ﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺻﻨﺎف ا ﺪﻣﺎت‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟ ﺴﻮ ﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬و ﻨﺎء ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻓﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺑ ن اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﺋﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻴﻒ)ﺧﻀﺮة‪ ،2018 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(71‬‬

‫ﻢ‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ إ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫ﺳ ﺜﻤﺎرات اﳌﻄﻠﻮ ﺔ ﻹ ﺸﺎء ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻋ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻘﺎس ﺬﻩ ﺳ ﺜﻤﺎرات‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬أ ﺪاﻓ ﺎ وﻣﺪاﺧﻠ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷن اﳌﺴ ﺜﻤﺮ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ داﺋﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ ﺳﺮ ﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤ ﺎ أو اﳌﻮارد‬ ‫ﺳ ﺜﻤﺎر ﻮن أن اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﻄﺎ ﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺪف إ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ واﳌﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺛﺮ ﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إ اﺳ ﺜﻤﺎرات ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟ‬
‫ﻤﺔ )رأﻓﺖ‪ ،1999 ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(12‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺤﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟ ﺎ اﳌﻐﺎﻣﺮة ﺑﻤﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠ ﺴﻮ ﻖ واﻟ و ﺞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﻊ ﻇ ﻮر ﺷﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ ﺷﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺟﺘﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺄت اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮاء اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻣ ﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ أو ا ﺎﺻﺔ إ إ ﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻔ ﺴﺒﻮك )‪ ،(Facebook‬أ ﺴﺘﻐﺮام )‪،(instagram‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻋ ﺷﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺟﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮ )‪ ،(Twitter‬اﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻮب )‪...(You Tube‬وذﻟﻚ ﳌﻮاﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ و ﺪب اﻟﺴﻴﺎح ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﻮزارات‬
‫واﻟﺪواو ﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق‪ ،‬اﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟ ﺴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ا ﻤﻌﻴﺎت‪ ،‬اﳌﺪارس اﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﺠﺮد‬
‫ﻮاة ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ا‪‬ت ا‪ ‬و‪‬ص ا‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ع ا‪ ،‬ت ‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬
‫ا‪ ‬ا‪‬وم‪‬‬

‫ﺷ ﻞ‪2‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﻐﺮام وﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻌﺾ اﻟ ﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻋ‬

‫‪..2.2‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬ ‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ز ﺎدة‬ ‫ازدادت أ ﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫وا ﺪﻣﺎت ﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ ﺎ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻠ ﺴﻮ ﻖ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺘﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫و‬

‫اﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎت )‪ :(Blogs‬ﺴﺎ ﻢ اﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎت ﻛﻤﻮﻗﻊ إﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ن زوار اﳌﻮﻗﻊ و ﺑﺪاء‬
‫آرا ﻢ ﺣﻮل ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف ﻮاة ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ أو‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺮا ﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺻﺎر ﻳﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺸﺪة ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻼم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ وﻛﺬا‬
‫اﻟ ﻴﺌﺎت اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ ‬م‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬

‫ﻃﺮ ﻘﺔ ﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠ ﺎ وﻓﻖ ﻧﻈﺎم إرﺳﺎل ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟ ﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﻧ ﻧﺖ )‪ (ichbiah, 2007, p. 190‬ﻳﺠﻤﻌ ﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ أو ﻣﺠﺎل ا ﺘﻤﺎم واﺣﺪ‬
‫)اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟ اث‪ (...‬وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻺﻃﻼع ﻋ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻌ ن )ﻋﺮوض و ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻀﺎت‪.(...‬‬

‫ﺸﺮات إﺧﺒﺎر ﺔ ﺴﻴﻄﺔ وﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮة‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺒﺎر ﺔ ‪:Newsletter‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺪر ﺸ ﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ودوري وﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﻋ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺎﻻت ﻋﻦ اﳌﻨﺘﻮﺟﺎت و ﺸﺎﻃﺎت اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ و‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻳﺪ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸ ﻛ ن )‪ . (Moinet, 2006, p. 359‬ﺪف اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺒﺎر ﺔ ﻟ‬
‫ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ أو ﻃﻼع ﻋ اﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻣ اﻣﻨﺔ اﺑﺘﻜﺮ ﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Netscape‬ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺮ اﳌ اﻣﻦ )‪ :(RSS‬ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺸﺮ اﳌ اﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻀﺎﻣ ن اﻟﻮ ﺐ )اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪ .(OECD, 2006, p. 301)1999‬ﻟﺘ ﻮن وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ واﳌﺪوﻧﺎت‪ ،(...‬و ﻌﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ‪ RSS‬وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺳ ﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﻣﻦ ا ﺼﻮل ﻋ ﻣﺎ ﺴﺘﺠﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫أﺧﺒﺎر وﻣﻮاﺿﻴﻊ ﻓﻮر ورود ﺎ ﻋ ﻣﻮاﻗﻌﮫ اﳌﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻋ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ أن ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬
‫اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ ذا ﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻓ ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة )ﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(81‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺰ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ )‪ :(reservation électronique‬و ﺘﻌﻠﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ا‬ ‫ا‬

‫ﺧﻼل ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻧ ﻧﺖ ا ﺎﻻت اﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻗﺎﻣﺔ )ﻏﺮف اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق‪،(...‬‬
‫ﺷﺮ ﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻞ )ﺗﺬاﻛﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﻄﺎر‪ ،‬اﳌﻴ و أو ﺗﺄﺟ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‪ ،(...‬واﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ...‬اﻟ ﺗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﺎت اﻟﻄ ان‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إ و ﺎﻻت اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺖ ﺷﺮ ﺎت اﻟﻄ ان‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬
‫ﺰﻋ‬ ‫ﺰ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ ﻟﺸﺮ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻮز ﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟ اﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﺗ ﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼء ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ا‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ا‬
‫ﺰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق وﺗﺄﺟ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إ ﺗﺬاﻛﺮ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ واﻟﻘﻄﺎرات‬ ‫ﻧ ﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ ﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻌﺾ اﻟﺪول‪.‬‬
‫ﺷ ﻞ‪3‬‬
‫ﺰ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا‬

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 ‫ا‪‬ت ا‪ ‬و‪‬ص ا‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ع ا‪ ،‬ت ‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬
‫ا‪ ‬ا‪‬وم‪‬‬

‫ﺰ وﺷﺮاء اﻟﺘﺬاﻛﺮ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ا ﻮي ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌ ﺳ ﻴﻞ اﳌﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﺗ ﻴﺢ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﺣﺮ ﺔ أﻛ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﺢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺴ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮ ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬وﻣ ﺎن ﺟﻠﻮﺳﮫ وﻧﻮع اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺰ و ﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺴ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠ ﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ ﻴﺢ ﻌﺾ ﺷﺮ ﺎت اﻟﻄ ان اﻟﻜ ى إﻣ ﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻌﺪﻳﻞ ا‬
‫ﻋ اﻟﺘﺬاﻛﺮ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ أو ﺣ ﺑﻴﻌ ﺎ إ آﺧﺮ ﻦ ﺧﻼل ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎر ﺦ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ )ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪،2003 ،‬‬
‫اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ ﺔ و ﻣﺮاﺣﻠ ﺎ وﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .(157‬ﺬﻩ ا ﺪﻣﺔ ﻌﺮف ﺗﺄﺧﺮا‬
‫ﺰ ا ﻄﻮط ا ﻮ ﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ ﺔ رﻏﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺎب أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ا‬
‫ﺰ ﻏﺮف ﻓﻨﺎدق و ﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﺬاﻛﺮ ا ﺎرج‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮ ﻖ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ )‪،(carte visa‬واﻟ ﺴﻤﺢ ﺑ‬

‫ا ﺮ ﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷ ﻞ‪4‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ا ﺮ ﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋ اﻟ ﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻨﻘﺎل‬

‫ا ﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣ ﺎ ﻟﻔ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘ ا ﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬

‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻔﻲ ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫واﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ أ ﺎ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ و را‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ وﺟ ﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺄ ﻢ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ و ﺛﺮ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ﻢ‬
‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮ ﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﺰ ﺎراﺗﮫ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ اﳌﺴ ﺪف وذﻟﻚ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻘﺮب اﳌﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺢ‬ ‫أو ﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻣ ﺎن ﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ا ﺮ ﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮر ا ﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟ‬
‫ﻤﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ و )ﻣﺮوان‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ (https://mawdoo3.com‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣ ﺎن ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ‬ ‫إ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟ‬
‫اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬اﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‪ ،‬دور اﻟﺴ ﻨﻤﺎ‪ ،‬اﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺴﺎ ﻢ ﺳ ﻴﻞ ﻞ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ ‬م‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬

‫‪..3‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول ﺈﺳ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ ﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺮض ﻧﻔﺴ ﺎ‬
‫ﻋ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎت ا ﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﺟ ﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ و ﺴ ﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻠ ﺎ اﳌﺒﻜﺮة ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ و ﺳ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺪى ﺻﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫رﻏﻢ ﺬا ﻻ ﺗﺰال ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻟ ﻴﺎ ﻞ و ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮوري اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺬا ا ﺎل وذﻟﻚ اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓ‬
‫ا ﺘﻤﻊ و ﺑ ن‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ و ﺮاﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺄ ﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻌﺰ ﺰ اﻟﺒ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ وﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺸﺮ اﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ واﻟ ﺴ ﻴﻼت وﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ إﻃﺎر ﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓ‬
‫ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬إ ﺸﺎء اﳌﺸﺎر ﻊ ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻛ ﻟﻼﻧ ﻧﺖ‪ ،‬وﻓﺘﺢ ا ﺎل ﻟﻼﺳ ﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫وﺟﻠﺐ رؤوس ﻣﻮال اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ و ﺟﻨ ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑ ن اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ا ﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫واﻟ ﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠ و ﺞ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻮﻣﺎت وا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎط‬ ‫أدى اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﺴﺮ ﻊ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت واﻧ ﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧ ﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬إ ﻐﻴ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ إ أﻧﻤﺎط إﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻌ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺎ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋ ﺛﻮرة اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧ ﻧﺖ ﻟﻠ و ﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﺸﺮ و ﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻔﺮ وﺳﺎ ﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت وا ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳ ﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮب‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ و ﺎ ﺼﻮص اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻻ زال ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺗﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺬا اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻼ ﻣ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟ ﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ و ﺘﻤﺎم ﺑ ﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺴﺎ ﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺒ ول وﻣﺴﺎ ﻤﺘﮫ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻮﻃ ‪ ،‬و ن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدا ﻋ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﺳﻴ ﻮن ﻟﮫ أﺛﺮ اﻳﺠﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻌﺮ ﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋ اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺧﺬ ﻌ ن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺗﺰﺧﺮ ﺎ‪ ،‬و‬
‫ﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟ و ﺞ ﻟﻜ و ﻲ‪ ،‬ﺄﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ا ﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮة ﻋ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺴﻴﺎح‪ .‬و ﺎﻟﺘﺎ إن‬
‫ﺬﻩ اﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺘﺼﺎد واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺻﺎر ﺿﺮورة ﻣ ﺔ‬
‫و وﺟﻌﻞ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ وﺟ ﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻴﺎز‪.‬‬

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 ‫ا‪‬ت ا‪ ‬و‪‬ص ا‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ع ا‪ ،‬ت ‪‬‬ ‫‪" ‬آ‪‬ق ‪"‬‬
‫ا‪ ‬ا‪‬وم‪‬‬

‫اﳌﺼﺎدرواﳌﺮاﺟﻊ‪:‬‬

‫اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت‪ /‬اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫‪ .1‬ا ﺮ ﻲ ﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ رﺟﺎء‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻮد اﻟﺴﻴﻒ اﻟﺴ ‪ ،2015 ،‬ﻋﻼم اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻔﺎ ﻴﻤﮫ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﮫ‪ ،‬دار أﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺸﺮ واﻟﺘﻮز ﻊ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎن‪.‬‬
‫ﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟ ي‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺸﺄة اﳌﻌﺎرف ﺳﻜﻨﺪر ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬اﻟﻌﻄﺎر ﻋﺰة‪ ،2010 ،‬اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﺑ ن اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ط‪،2‬‬
‫ﻇﻞ اﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‪ ،‬دار اﻟ ﻨﺎء ﻟﻠ ﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎﺳﻞ ﻣﺮوان‪ ،2008،‬اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺧﻀﺮة ﺟﻼل ﺑﺪر وآﺧﺮون‪ ،2018 ،‬اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬رأﻓﺖ رﺿﻮان‪ ،1999 ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ دار ﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺎ ﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ا ﺮ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ واﻟ ﺸﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺎ ﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟ‬
‫‪ .7‬ﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،2017 ،‬اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻇﻞ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و ﺗﺼﺎﻻت وﻋﻮﳌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬أﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻨﺪ ﷴ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،2003 ،‬اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﺎ ﺮة‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ا ﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ و ﻃﺮوﺣﺎت‬

‫‪ .9‬ﺳﻼ ﺑﻮ ﻜﺮ‪ ،‬آﻓﺎق اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ ﻋ ﺿﻮء ﺗﺠﺮ ﺔ ﺗﻮ ﺲ و ردن‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟ ﺴﺘ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‪ ،‬اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻨﺔ‪ .2014-2013 ،‬ا ﺰاﺋﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ا ﻼت‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺑﺨ اﺑﺮا ﻴﻢ ود‪ .‬ﺷﻌﻮ ﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻓﻮزي‪ ،‬دور ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و ﺗﺼﺎل ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﻔﻨﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪/07 ،‬‬
‫‪.2010-2009‬‬

‫اﳌﻮ اﻗﻊ ﻟﻜ وﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ .11‬ﻣﺮوان ﷴ‪ ،2010 /07/ 05 ،‬أ ﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.2021/02/03 ،https://mawdoo3.com ،‬‬
‫‪12. Cyril Balaise, Le commerce électronique entre professionnel (internet), Paris, faculté de droit, 2004.‬‬
‫‪13. Daniel Ichbiah, 2007, Les mots de l’informatique, campus presse, France..‬‬
‫‪14. Fredéric Ploton, 2001, Entrepriseet information animer son site web, Dunod, France.‬‬
‫‪15. François Moinet, 2006, Le tourisme rural, édition France agricole, France, 4ème Ed.‬‬
‫‪16. OECD (Organisation de coopérationet de développement économique), 2006 Perspectives des‬‬
‫‪technologies de l’information, édition OECD.‬‬

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