A-1 (Academic Level Course)

Theoretical Session - 30 Minutes

Online Training Programme

Central Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institute

Tractor Nagar, Budni, District – Sehore,
Madhya Pradesh - 466445

Dev Vrat Kumar , STA

 Transmission
 Content
1. About Transmission
2. Power train
3. Clutch
4. Gearbox
5. Differential
6. Final drive
7. Power take -off
8. Setting & adjustment
9. Trouble shooting
INTRODUCTION
 Power transmission system of tractor

• The complete path of power from the engine to the point

of used is called power train.
Power transmission system of tractor
 Power transmission system of tractor

• Transmission is a speed varying mechanism,

equipped with several sub assembly.
 Clutch

 The tractor required to do many jobs, and according to the

requirement, the speed and torques are varied with the help of
gearbox. In order to change the gears, the gearbox must be
kept free from the engine power, otherwise the gear teeth will
be damaged and engagement of gear will not be perfect.
 Type of clutch
 Single Plate Clutch (Tractor)
 Dual Plate Clutch (Tractor)
 Multi Plate Clutch (Power Tiller)
 Dog Teeth Clutch (Power Tiller)
 Cone Clutch (Synchronizer unit)
 Band Clutch (SP Combine Harvester)
 Shear Clutch (Rotavator)
 Clutch

 Single Plate Clutch  Dual Plate Clutch

 Clutch

 Constructional details of clutch

 Clutch plate
 Pressure plate
 Cover plate
 Release finger
 Anti rattle spring
 Release bearing
 Release bearing retaining spring
 Pilot bearing
 Coil springs
 Clutch pedal
 Clutch pedal retaining springs
 I-bolt
 Fork
 Clutch components

 Pad Type Clutch plate 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8, Fixed & Flexible

 Clutch components

Fixed Type Plate Flexible Type Plate Pressure Plate

Diaphragm Plate Clutch finger Anti-rattle Spring

 Clutch components

Clutch Assy. I-Bolts Cover Plate

Release Bearing Bearing Fork Pilot Bearing

 Clutch

 Single Plate Clutch

 Clutch

 Dual Plate Clutch

 Clutch

 Dual Plate Clutch

 Clutch

 Dual Plate Clutch

 Clutch

 Dual Plate Clutch

 Gearbox

 Gearbox is a speed and torque changing device. It helps in

the varying the speed of driving wheels in relation to the
engine speed depending upon the load condition.

 It may be called a sequence of gears and shafts, through

which the engine power is transmitted to the tractor wheels.

 It has also got provision to change the direction of motion of

tractor.

 To connect and disconnect the power by means of neutral

position.
 Sliding mesh type gearbox

 In this type of gearbox the upper shaft known as main shaft

and the lower one is counter shaft or lay shaft and a third
shaft carries a reverse gear is known as reverse shaft. all
shafts are parallel to each other.

 The gears on the counter and reverse shaft are fixed, The
gear on main shaft slide to mesh with suitable gear of counter
and reverse shaft.

 The shifting rail and forks are used to shift gear from one
position to another. The shift rails are kept in position with the
help of spring loaded detent balls (as a lock), this allows one
pair of gears engage at one time.
Sliding Mesh Type Gearbox
 Source : MCE Nagpur,
 Constant mesh type gearbox

 In this type of gearbox the upper shaft known as main shaft

and the lower one is counter shaft or lay shaft and a third
shaft carries a reverse gear is known as reverse shaft. all
shaft are parallel to each other.

 The gears on the counter, reverse shaft and main shaft are
(constant) fixed condition, and always in mesh with each
others. The main shaft gears are mounted on bushing or
needle bearing and are free to rotate along with counter and
reverse shaft. power is transmitted by engaging sleeves
(mounted on main shaft) with gear shoulder.

 The shifting rail and forks are used to shift gear from one
position to another. the shift rails are kept in position with the
help of spring loaded detent balls (as a lock), this allows one
pair of gears engage at one time.
Constant Mesh Type Gearbox
Constant Mesh Type Gearbox

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

 Source : MCE Nagpur,
 Synchro mesh type gearbox

 Synchromesh gearbox are sliding collar or sleeve

transmissions with synchronizers added to aid the operator in
manually shifting gearbox.

 Manual shifting of an unsynchronized transmission can be

difficult and time consuming, power shifting transmissions
using synchronizers can be shifted quickly while the vehicle
clutch is disengaged.

 Synchro mesh gearbox have been used for many years on

automotive vehicles and are now standard equipment on
manually shifted tractor transmissions. They increase tractor
productivity compared to an unsynchronized gearbox.
 Synchro mesh type gearbox

 The gears on the counter, reverse shaft and main shaft are
(constant) fixed condition, and always in mesh with each
others. The main shaft gears are mounted on bushing or
needle bearing and are free to rotate along with counter and
reverse shaft.

 The synchronizer unit mainly consists of synchronizer rings

and synchronizers hub, which helps in smooth engagement of
gears.

 The shifting rail and forks are used to shift gear from one
position to another. the shift rails are kept in position with the
help of spring loaded detent balls (as a lock), this allows one
pair of gears engage at one time.
Synchro Mesh Type Gearbox

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

Synchronizer Unit
 Source : MCE Nagpur,
 Differential

 The gearbox output shaft extends a short distance outside the

gearbox and has fitted to its end a toothed gear known as a
bevel pinion.

 This pinion is in mesh with another bevel gear known as the

crown wheel. the unit known as the differential is directly
attached to the crown wheel,

 Differential is used to allows each drive wheel to rotate at a

faster or slower rate than the other when turning corner

 While taking a turn, each wheel travels a different distance

through the turn. The inside wheels travel a shorter distance
than the outside wheels.
 Differential

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

 Final Drive
 Such type of device equipped with off road vehicle like Agricultural
tractor, Power tiller, Self propelled machines. This device having
one gear pair mounted on half axle shaft or end of rear axle shaft or
any other location before rear wheel. It is used for final reduction of
speed, sock absorption and heavy load carrying ability, which also
works as a safety device in transmission system.

 Inboard reduction (IBR-Technology)

 Big crown wheel-Straight axle type
 Common housing type

 Outboard reduction (OBR-Technology)

 Portal hosing type
 Planetary type
 Power Take -off
 Power take-off is one of the efficient point of power output in the
tractor which is enable to supply engine power to the point of use by
the suitable arrangement. PTO can be classified as below:
 According to no. of splines
 Type-I PTO
 Type-II PTO
 Type- III PTO
 According to the drive
 Independent PTO
 Semi Independent PTO
 Not Independent PTO
 According to the rotational speed
 Ground PTO
 Multi Speed PTO
 Reverse Speed PTO
 Power Take -off
Not Independent PTO
In this type of drive line, PTO Power transmission depend
up on the operation of single plate clutch, transmission of power by
mean of single common drive.

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

 Power Take -off
Not Independent PTO
In this type of drive line, PTO Power transmission depend
up on the operation of single plate clutch transmission of power by
mean of single separate drive .

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

 Power Take -off
Semi Independent PTO
In this type of drive line, PTO Power transmission depend
upon the operation of dual plate clutch by means of single pedal
clutch operation.

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

 Power Take -off
Independent PTO with (Reverse Speed PTO)
In this type of drive line, Power transmission depend upon
the operation of dual plate clutch by means of two separate controls
(pedal and hand lever) and drive line, one for PTO engagement and
another for main transmission. Two gear pairs additionally added to
enable for changing the direction of rotation along with coupler.

 Source : MCE Nagpur,

 Settings and adjustments

 The following setting required

 Crown pinion roller bearing pre-loading.
 Bull pinion roller bearing pre-loading
 Backlash between gear pair
 Backlash between crown wheel and bevel pinion.
 Cone centre distance adjustment.
 Clutch pedal free play adjustment
 Clutch finger height adjustment
 Troubleshooting

 Problems in transmission
 Unusual noise from Clutch, Gearbox, Differential & Final drive
 Nose while turning.
 Tractor dose not move.
 Number of gear shift more than one at a time.
 Gear hard shift
 Gear slip out of mesh
 Overheating
 Abnormal wear of component
 Clutch slippage
 Clutch drags & grabs
Thank you