2.4. Environmental Loads Chapter 2.

LOADS

at one occasion. In order find the maximum force, phase angle at which the maximum force
occurs shall be found first.

Let us express the total force on the pile by substituting the velocity and acceleration com-
ponents and integrating between the limits (from surface to seabed, i.e., 0 to -h),

[ ]
1 π 2 H 2 cos θ| cos θ| sinh(2kh) h
FT = CD ρ D +
2 T2 sinh2 kh 4k 2
2 2
πD 2π H sin θ
−CM ρ (2.29)
4 T2 k

The total force will be maximum when,

∂FT
=0 (2.30)
∂θ

Substituting the values of velocity and acceleration components in to the drag and inertia
force equation and differentiating with respect to θ and rearranging the terms, we get

[ ]
−1 πD CM 2 sinh2 kh
θmax = cos − (2.31)
H CD (sinh 2kh + 2kh)

Maximum Load on a horizontal member

Consider a case of a horizontal cylinder such as brace of a jacket, the combined drag and
inertia force (total force) varies with time and will be maximum only at one occasion. In
order find the maximum force, phase angle at which the maximum force occurs shall be
found first.

Let us express the total force on the pile by substituting the velocity and acceleration,

[ ]
1 H 2ω2 cosh2 k(z + h)
FT = CD ρ D cos θ| cos θ|
2 4 sinh kh
[ ]
πD2 Hω 2 cosh2 k(z + h)
−CM ρ sin θ (2.32)
4 2 sinh kh

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