Δx the path difference is

refracted ray(AC+AD) in
medium – reflected ray (AG)
in air
(AC+CD) –(AG +λ/2)

from triangles ACH & DCH

AC=CD = t/(cosθr) ;
From Triangle ACH From Triangle ADG
Tan (θr) =AH/t ; Cos(90-θi) = AG/AD
AH = t tan(θr); ( CH = t ) AG= AD Cos(90-θi)
AG = 2 t tan(θr) Sin(θi); =2AH Cos(90-θi);
from Snell’s law Sin(θi) = Sin(θr) = 2AH Sin(θi)
= 2t Sin2(θr)/Cos(θr)
ΔX = 2t /(Cosθr) - 2t Sin2(θr)/Cos(θr) +λ/2
ΔX= 2t (cosθr) - λ/2 =nλ
 N
Θi
Wedge shape
C
A θr
t
θ B
Wedge shaped Film D
ΔX= 2t Cos(θr + θ) +λ/2

From properties of
A R B
circles
CO * OD = EO * OF 2R - t
O r
(2R-t) * t = r* r E F
2Rt=~ r2 t
C
 Light incident normal to
plane surface of plano
N normal to the convex lense
curved surface

Here we assume the ray to be incidenting Normally…=> θi

=0 so θr=0 and for very large value of R and close to the
center C θ is also very small or negligible; so

ΔX= 2t Cos(θr + θ) +λ/2

ΔX= 2t Cos(~0) +λ/2
ΔX= 2t (1) +λ/2
 For constructive interference
ΔX= nλ 2Rt=~ r2
And so For air  =1
ΔX= 2t (1) +λ/2 = nλ ΔX= 2t (1) +λ/2 = nλ
At t=0 =>
ΔX= λ/2 ΔX= 2 r2/(2R) +λ/2 = nλ
Giving us a Dark fringe
For air  =1
r2/(R) =(2n-1)λ/2
r2 =R(2n-1)λ/2
For destructive interference
ΔX= (2n+1)λ/2 => r2 =Rnλ