Move Analysis of Method section in Scopus Indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journal

Abstract

This research conducts a comprehensive move analysis of the Method sections in Scopus-indexed
Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals, specifically from SIELE and TEFLIN. The study identifies three
primary moves—Establish the Territory, Establishing a Niche, and Occupying the Niche—within the
Method sections. "Establish the Territory" dominates with 42%, emphasizing foundational concepts and a
robust framework. The second most frequent move is "Establishing a Niche" (30%), refining the
foundation laid by the first move. "Occupying the Niche" appears 27% of the time, offering optional,
specific insights. A detailed breakdown of identified steps reveals "Claiming centrality" (22%) as the
most frequent, emphasizing the importance of the discussed topic. Optional steps like "Reviewing items,"
"Counter-claiming," "Questioning," and "Continuing a tradition" appear at 5%. "Indicating a gap" follows
as the second most frequent step (15%). Excerpts from journals exemplify these moves, illustrating how
authors introduce, refine, and delve into specific research contexts. The move-step analysis of five
research articles aligns with the identified moves, emphasizing the common focus on these structural
elements in academic genres. In conclusion, this research contributes insights into the move structures of
Method sections, shedding light on the nuanced approaches within Indonesian Applied Linguistics
Journals. The restatement of objectives, data collection description, and analytical framework provide a
clear roadmap for the study. The summary of findings from past studies and the alignment with steps
findings further enrich the understanding of move structures in academic writing, offering valuable
implications for research and pedagogy.

Introduction

The field of Applied Linguistics encompasses a Introducing The Field

broad spectrum of research topics related to
language use, acquisition, and teaching. Research
articles within this field play a pivotal role in
disseminating new knowledge and findings,
making it essential to understand the structure and
content of these articles for effective
communication of research findings.
Specifically, the Method section provides a detailed Introducing general/particular topic
account of the research methodology employed in a Indicating Problems
study, ensuring transparency and reproducibility.
However, despite its importance, there are
challenges and gaps in the existing literature, with a
key challenge being the lack of comprehensive
studies focusing on move-step structures and
rhetorical patterns in the Method section, especially
in specific academic contexts such as Indonesian
Applied Linguistics journals.
These move-step structures and rhetorical patterns Indicating a Gap
are crucial for identifying commonalities and
variations in presenting research methodology,
contributing to the improvement of research writing
pedagogy and the quality of articles in the field.
Previous research has emphasized the significance Additional
of linguistic features in Method sections,
particularly in relation to communicative functions.
For instance, studies have highlighted the use of
specific linguistic structures to explain procedures,
justify data collection, and present data analysis.
Understanding how these linguistic features
contribute to effective communication of research
methodology is essential for developing teaching
materials tailored to students' needs.
Additionally, prior studies have identified patterns Question-raising
in the organization of Method chapters in academic
writing. Presences of introductory and concluding
texts, generic section headings, and subheadings
have been observed. These findings suggest the
need for a comprehensive move analysis in the
Method section of Indonesian Applied Linguistics
journals.
In summary, the field of Applied Linguistics faces Introducing present Research
challenges in understanding move-step structures
and rhetorical patterns in the Method section.
Addressing these challenges and conducting a
move analysis in Scopus indexed Indonesian
Applied Linguistics journals, this study aims to
provide valuable insights for researchers,
educators, and students.
The findings of this study can inform the Additional
development of effective research writing courses
and enhance the quality of research articles in
Indonesian Applied Linguistics journals by
detailing move-step structures and rhetorical
patterns in the Method section.

This study also aims to investigate the

communicative functions of Method sections,
exploring how these functions are realized through
lexical and syntactic choices. Additionally, it seeks
to identify common patterns and variations in the
organization of Method sections in Indonesian
Applied Linguistics journals.

Furthermore, the study intends to examine

linguistic features in the Method sections,
specifically in explaining procedures, justifying
data collection, and presenting data analysis.
Analyzing these features will provide insights into
their contribution to effective communication of
research methodology, informing the development
of teaching materials and courses aimed at
improving students' understanding of the
association between linguistic features and
 communicative functions in the Method section.
Drawing inspiration from previous research, Summarizing Previous Research
particularly the works of Lim (2006) and
Pramoolsook (2009) in analyzing Method sections
of management research articles, the current study
aims to contribute further by examining Scopus
indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics journals.
While Lim focused on constituent steps and
Pramoolsook emphasized text division and
consultation with specialists, this study seeks to
explore communicative functions in this specific
linguistic context, providing a basis for tailored
teaching materials in the field of Applied
Linguistics (Lim, 2006; Pramoolsook, 2009).

Method

1. In this method section, our analysis focus is to conduct an analysis of the Method section of Scopus
indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics journals. Our primary objective is to identify and describe
the various moves or steps used in the Method section so that we can understand common patterns
and variations in the presentation of research methodology in these journals.
2. Chen & Kuo (2012) Analytical Framework
We use the analytical framework proposed by Chen & Kuo (2012) to assist in the analysis of the structure
and steps used in the Method section.
Move 1: Introducing the Method chapter
 Indicating chapter/section structure
 Providing an overview of the study
 Indicating theory/approach
Move 2: Describing data collection method and procedure(s)
 Describing the sample (participants, location, time, etc.)
 Describing methods and steps in data collection
 Justifying data collection procedure(s)
Move 3: Delineating methods of data analysis
 Presenting an overview of the (data analysis) design
 Explaining specific method(s) of data analysis
 Explaining variables and variable measurement
 Justifying the methods of measuring variables or data analysis
Move 4: Elucidating data analysis procedure(s)
 Relating(or recounting) data procedure(s)
 Justifying the data analysis procedure(s)
Previewing results
 Referring to other studies
 Providing background information
 Providing definition of terms
 Providing support or justification
3. To begin with, the framework developed by Chen and Kuo in 2012 offers a comprehensive move-
step analytical structure specifically tailored for the examination of the "Methods" sections within
research articles and theses.
 Furthermore, the Chen and Kuo (2012) model is considered suitable for this research field, which
involves the analysis of "Methods" sections within research articles and theses in the fields of
Applied Linguistics and TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language). It's worth noting that the
Chen and Kuo (2012) model originated from the analysis of theses in the realm of Applied
Linguistics.
4. We collected data from Scopus indexed articles and theses in the field of Indonesian Applied
Linguistics using the following steps:
a. Step 1: Source Selection
We conducted searches in the Scopus database using relevant keywords to find journal articles and
theses relevant to our research topic.
b. Step 2: Article Selection
We assessed each article to ensure they had a relevant Method section for our analysis.
c. Step 3: Data Extraction
We extracted data related to the steps in the Method section from each selected article.
d. Step 4: Classification and Analysis
We classified the data according to the steps aligned with the Chen & Kuo (2012) analytical
framework. We then analyzed this data to identify common patterns in the presentation of research
methodology.
5.
METHODS 1 "Challenges in Studies in English 223 Words
reading English Language and Education
academic texts for
non-English major
students of an
Indonesian
university"
METHODS 2 Indonesian English Studies in English 217 Words
Learners’ Attitudes Language and Education
towards Cheating,
Absenteeism, and
Gender: Interactions
with L2
Achievement
METHODS 3 A Comparison of Studies in English 178 Words
English, Acehnese, Language and Education
and Indonesian
Monophthongs
METHODS 4 Language Studies in English 214 Words
Development in Language and Education
Writing through Pair-
Reviews in EFL
Learning
METHODS 5 Merdeka Belajar– Studies in English 209 Words
Kampus Merdeka Language and Education
(MBKM) to
Strengthen the
Culture and
Citizenship Literacy
of Pre-Service EFL
Teachers
METHODS 6 Didactic Oriented TEFLIN Journal 113 Words
Study: Move and
Transitivity Analysis
of Method, Result,
and Discussion
Sections in Research
Articles
METHODS 7 THE TEFLIN Journal 198 Words
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE
EMOTIONAL
LABOR AND
BURNOUT
LEVELS OF EFL
TEACHERS AT
UNIVERSITY
PREPARATORY
SCHOOLS
METHODS 8 USES OF THE TEFLIN Journal 248 Words
FIRST LANGUAGE
IN THE ENGLISH
AS A
FOREIGN/SECOND
LANGUAGE
CLASSROOM:
TEACHERS’
VIEWS AND
ARGUMENTS
METHODS 9 CORPUS USED AS TEFLIN Journal 125 Words
A DATA-DRIVEN
LEARNING TOOL
IN L2 ACADEMIC
WRITING:
EVIDENCE FROM
TURKISH
CONTEXTS
METHODS 10 L2 CONFIDENCE TEFLIN Journal 146 Words
DEVELOPMENT
OF ELF
INTERNATIONAL
STUDENTS IN
TAIWAN
6. **Corpus Compilation:**
- Total number of texts analyzed: 10 (Text 1 to Text 10)
- Total length (words) of the entire corpus: 1871 words
- Description of journals/theses:
- Text 1 to Text 5: SIELE (Scopus indexed, fields: Teaching and Learning of English, Linguistics,
Literature, source: [SIELE Journal Website](https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/SiELE/index)
- Text 6 to Text 10: TEFLIN (Fields: English Language Teaching, English language teaching and
learning, English language teachers' training and education, source: [TEFLIN Journal Website]
(https://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/index)
7. **Move 1: Introducing the Method chapter**
- Step 1: The section structure is indicated by mentioning the "following sections" that will present
the research method.
- Step 2: An overview of the study is provided. It outlines the study's objective, which is to uncover
students' difficulties in reading academic English texts, focusing on their academic reading
experiences.
- Step 3: The theory or approach, which is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), is
introduced as the method for exploring students' reading experiences.
**Move 2: Describing data collection method and procedure(s)**
- Step 1: The section describes the sample, which includes participants' characteristics such as
gender, total absences, and final grades.
Result

Moves total Percentage

Move 1 Establish the territory 4 42%
Move 2 extablishing a niche 4 30%
Move 3 Occupying The Niche(Optional) 5 27%

The move that significantly dominates in this analysis is "Establish the territory,"
appearing a total of 4 times with a percentage of 42%. With this significance, it can be
interpreted that the research places significant emphasis on constructing foundational concepts
and a robust framework for understanding and defining the research domain. This move serves
as a primary foundation, providing a solid footing for a more in-depth understanding of the
discussed topic.

In the first journal article on difficulties in reading academic English texts, the Moves can
be identified as follows:

“The initial paragraphs introduce the research focus, which is the students'
difficulties in reading academic English texts. The mention of the research design and the
utilization of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) sets the groundwork for the
study.”

In the second journal article on sound production, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The article starts by positioning the research within the framework of positivism,
focusing on the objective observation of sound production in English, Indonesian, and
Acehnese vowels.”

In the third journal article on writing instruction, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The Ex-Post Facto Method is introduced as the primary approach to analyzing

students' writing achievement. The mention of the process-based approach and
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development further establishes the research context.”

Following closely is the second most frequently occurring move, "Establishing a niche,"
appearing 4 times with a percentage of 30%. This indicates that after defining the research
domain, the study systematically focuses on determining and forming a specific or specialized
area within the research framework. This move becomes crucial in refining the foundation laid
by the first move.

In the first journal article on difficulties in reading academic English texts, the Moves can
be identified as follows:
 “The article establishes a niche by explaining the choice of IPA as a suitable
method for exploring students' reading experiences. The discussion on how IPA aims to
reveal implicit meanings in lived experiences, specifically related to reading academic
English texts, solidifies the niche.”

In the second journal article on sound production, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The niche is established by presenting the specifics of the research, including the
number of students, types of materials administered, recording details, and data analysis
methods. This sets the foundation for understanding the study's unique contributions.”

Although the third move, "Occupying The Niche (Optional)," appears more frequently,
namely 5 times, its percentage is only 27%. This suggests that this move may be more optional
or not consistently applied in every analysis. Nevertheless, the presence of this move allows the
research to explore and delve into specific areas that may not always be present in every research
context. Thus, a detailed analysis of the occurrence and percentage of these moves provides an
intricate overview of the research focus and approach towards developing a profound
understanding of the discussed topic.

In the second journal article on sound production, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The article occupies the niche by detailing the statistical analysis of the collected
data, specifying the research support, and referencing relevant literature on vowel
contrasts. The inclusion of the Indonesian Endowment Fund's support adds to the unique
context of the research.”

Steps Total Percentage

Step 1 Claiming centrality (obligatory) 3 22%
Step 2 making topic generalization (Obligatory) 1 15%
Step 3 reveiwing items (Optionals) 1 5%
Step 1a Counter – claiming (Optional) 1 5%
Step 1b indicatiing a gap(Obligatory) 2 15%
Step 1c questening (Optional) 1 5%
Step 1d continiouing a tradition 2 5%
Step 1a outlining purposes (Obligatory) 4 5%
Step 1b announcing present research (Optional) 1 22%
Step 2 announcing principal findings - -
Step 3 : indicating research article - -
 In analyzing the identified steps, it is noteworthy that Step 1, "Claiming centrality (obligatory),"
dominates with a total of 3 and a percentage of 22%. Those steps are obligatory and indicate an emphasis
on claiming the importance or centrality of the discussed topic. They serve as the primary focus in
establishing the foundation for statements in the article.

“The present study employed a quantitative method of distributing an online

questionnaire. The eight questionnaire items on attitudes towards cheating (AtC) were adapted from a
study by Carpenter et al. (2006) involving 643 learners at engineering departments from 11 institutions in
the United States and abroad. In the present study, there were four possible responses: “Strongly Agree”
equal to 5 points, “Agree” equal to 4, “Disagree” equal to 2, and “Strongly Disagree” equal to 1….”

Meanwhile, there are several steps with a 5% percentage, including Step 3, "Reviewing items
(Optionals)," Step 1a, "Counter-claiming (Optional)," Step 1c, "Questioning (Optional)," and Step 1d,
"Continuing a tradition." All those steps are optional and appear in fewer numbers, indicating variations
in the approach to writing those articles.

Thus, it can be concluded that the step that occurs most frequently is Step 1, "Claiming centrality
(obligatory)," followed by Step 1b, "Indicating a gap (Obligatory)," as the second most frequent step.
Meanwhile, optional steps such as Step 3, "Reviewing items," Step 1a, "Counter-claiming," Step 1c,
"Questioning," and Step 1d, "Continuing a tradition," appear with lower percentages, indicating diversity
in the approach to writing those articles.

Paragraph From Journal Move

Journal 1: “The study examines the barriers to Move 1: Establish the territory
reading academic texts among university students
for whom English is a foreign language. While
many previous studies have focused on
instructional design for building academic reading
skills, this study focuses on the fundamental issues
that need consideration before setting up the
instructional design for English academic reading.
Taking an interpretive phenomenological
viewpoint, this study applied a qualitative method
through an online survey and interviews. Due to the
Covid-19 pandemic, online data collection was the
most accessible means of approaching the students.
Ninety-five students from various non-English
study programs (courses) at a private university
voluntarily responded to the open-ended online
questionnaire, providing survey data. Five students
provided further data through individual interviews
on their academic reading challenges. A thematic
analysis of the survey data revealed four themes
and eight subthemes representing the students’
challenges, which were explored further in the
interviews. These challenges and the relationships
among them are discussed. The results suggest that
most students depended on single-word meanings
as their.”
Journal 2: "The setting of the present study was Move 1: Establish the territory
online General English (GE) classes at a private
university in Java, Indonesia. GE classes were
obligatory non-credited matriculation classes for
learners from non-English departments at the
university. There were three GE levels, Levels 1, 2,
and 3. Depending on learners’ language levels
assessed through a placement test at the time of
their registration at the university, learners were
placed at a certain GE level. Only after passing GE
Level 3 could they take the English for Academic
Purposes class in their respective departments. At
the time of data collection, some 500 learners were
enrolling in the GE classes, with the majority being
in Level 3.”
Journal 3: "A total of 29 students consisting of 14 Move 1: Establish the territory
males and 15 females (average age 18) were
selected from a Modern Islamic Boarding School in
Aceh."
Journal 7: “This challenge becomes more Move 2 establishing a niche
complicated with the neo-liberal policies of today’s
world that require employees to deploy utmost
efforts physically, intellectually, and emotionally to
gain more profit (Kart, 2011). Since the late 2000s,
there has been a shift in how universities are
perceived, with increasing recognition of their roles
as service providers. Thus, students and parents are
now seen as valued customers, expecting the best
service (Berry & Cassidy, 2013; Constanti &
Gibbs, 2004). Consequently, universities compete
to provide the best educational environment and
opportunities to admit and retain more students.
This competition was stimulated in Turkish higher
education with the establishment of foundation
universities after the constitutional changes in
1984. As most state universities governed centrally
failed to meet the changing and increasing needs of
the young generation with their limited funding,
foundation universities attracted students with their
growing number of programs and opportunities
(Erguvan, 2013). Students select the programs in
both state and foundation universities based on the
scores they obtain in a competitive nationwide
entrance examination in Türkiye. Although only
8.67% of total students at tertiary level (YÖK, n.d.)
constitute the student population in foundation
universities due to their high tuition fees, these
universities raise the quality of education through
competition while alleviating the burden on the
state. In such a competitive context, teachers at
tertiary level take on a big responsibility to better
prepare their students for the labor market and to
keep the rankings of their institutions high (Swart
et al., 2013). This situation may lead to more
emotional challenges, which makes emotional labor
an important issue to explore as a possible source
of teacher burnout within the context of
universities, because teachers are vital for
universities to achieve their institutional and
educational goals."
Journal 5: "Regular use of pair-reviews among Move 2 establishing a niche
students of the same age or status will make it
easier for them to communicate, and this social
connection and dialogue with others is regarded as
essential for the transition from complicated to
conceptual thought (Vygotsky, 1978)"
Journal 10: "After living and studying in Taiwan, Move 3 Occupying The Niche(Optional)
the participants started to challenge their NNS
identity through the various interactions and
engagements in ELF community. Interestingly,
Rini gained a more stable state of confidence
compared to her peers since she had achieved a
target language level which is primarily for
communication. In this case, Rini successfully
earned the ownership of English and accepted her
NNS identity as a legitimate English speaker."

Discussion

The research articulates a clear primary objective: to delve into the Method sections of Scopus indexed
Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals. It aims to identify move structures, elucidate communicative
functions, and provide insights into rhetorical patterns. This focus spans journals from both SIELE and
TEFLIN, aiming to contribute valuable knowledge to the field.

The data collection process involved systematically selecting 10 articles from reputable journals, ensuring
diversity in research topics and methodologies. The Method sections were meticulously examined using
an analytical framework by Chen & Kuo (2012). This framework comprises four key moves, offering a
systematic breakdown of the Method sections in the analyzed articles. The Chen & Kuo (2012)
framework encompasses moves like introducing the Method Chapter, describing data collection methods,
delineating methods of data analysis, and elucidating data analysis procedures. This structured approach
enables a nuanced analysis of how researchers in Indonesian Applied Linguistics present their
methodologies. Examining past studies, the Move findings provide a comprehensive overview of various
research articles. Noteworthy examples include research on linguistic features in management articles,
move-step structures in TESOL master's theses in Vietnam, and a move/step model named Demonstrating
Rigour and Credibility (DRaC). These findings underscore the diversity in move structures across
academic genres and fields, contributing to a broader understanding of research article Methods sections.

In summary, the research project employs a robust methodology, draws on a well-defined analytical
framework, and presents insightful findings from past studies. This discussion not only highlights the
significance of the research but also emphasizes the broader implications for researchers, educators, and
students in the field of Applied Linguistics in the Indonesian context.

In these articles, the Move findings reveal common patterns in the Method sections across various
academic genres. Move 1, Establishing the Territory, is consistently identified as involving the
introduction of research focus and methodology. Move 2, Establishing a Niche, encompasses
explanations of unique contributions or contexts, while Move 3 (Optional), Occupying the Niche, entails
providing detailed insights into methodology and its specific application. Together, these moves
contribute to a nuanced understanding of the structure and organization of Method sections.

The collective analysis of past studies further illuminates these findings. In Study 1, the focus on
inconsistencies in research methodology aligns with the importance of systematic presentation identified
in the Move 1 – Establishing the Territory. The call for standardized templates echoes the need for a
structured approach in presenting methodologies across various academic fields.

Study 2 complements these findings by highlighting language disparities in abstracts, aligning

with the Move 2 – Establishing a Niche. This study, focusing on linguistic features in abstract
compositions, contributes to the broader pedagogy of abstract writing, emphasizing the importance of
unique contributions and contexts.

Study 3, centered on biomedical engineering research articles, resonates with Move 3 –

Occupying the Niche, as it identifies common moves and frequently used verbs within the Method
section. The emphasis on enhancing discourse competency aligns with the need for detailed insights into
methodology, as suggested in this move.

In Study 4, the cross-linguistic comparisons of method sections mirror the Move 2 – Establishing
a Niche. The examination of distinctions between local languages and international English aligns with
the emphasis on unique contributions and contexts, highlighting variations in move and step frequencies
across different journals.
 Finally, Study 5's exploration of cognitive genres in psychology major students correlates with
the Move 3 – Occupying the Niche, focusing on specific instructions in EAP writing courses for
psychology majors. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective EAP writing courses,
emphasizing the need for detailed insights into methodology and its application.

In summary, the Move findings, supported by the analysis of past studies, underscore the
consistent presence of these moves across diverse research articles, offering valuable insights into the
structure and organization of Method sections in academic genres.In conclusion, the analysis of the move
structures in the Method sections of Scopus indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals reveals
notable patterns and trends across the examined articles. The predominant move, "Establish the territory,"
emerges as a foundational and obligatory step, constituting 42% of the identified moves. This underscores
the importance of laying a robust foundation by introducing the research focus and methodology, thereby
providing a solid basis for a comprehensive understanding of the discussed topic. Following closely is the
move "Establishing a niche," occurring 30% of the time. This move signifies the systematic effort to
define and carve out a specific or specialized area within the research framework, refining the foundation
established by the first move. The analysis demonstrates that after defining the research domain, the
articles consistently focus on determining and forming a unique niche within the broader context.

The third most frequently occurring move, "Occupying The Niche (Optional)," appears 27% of
the time. While this move is more optional and not consistently applied in every analysis, its presence
allows for a more in-depth exploration of specific areas that may not always be present in every research
context. The move contributes to the richness and diversity of the research by providing detailed insights
into the methodology and its specific application. In terms of the identified steps, "Claiming centrality
(obligatory)" stands out as the most dominant, constituting 22% of the steps. These obligatory steps
emphasize the importance of claiming the centrality and significance of the discussed topic, serving as a
primary focus in establishing the foundation for statements in the articles. Meanwhile, optional steps such
as "Reviewing items," "Counter-claiming," "Questioning," and "Continuing a tradition" appear with lower
percentages, indicating variations in the approach to writing the articles.

The overall conclusion drawn from the analysis of these move structures and steps is that there is
a discernible pattern in how Method sections are crafted in Scopus indexed Indonesian Applied
Linguistics Journals. The articles consistently prioritize establishing a solid foundation, defining a
specific niche, and, optionally, delving into detailed insights within that niche. This understanding
contributes valuable insights for researchers, educators, and students in the field of Applied Linguistics in
the Indonesian context.

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