Move Analysis of Method section in Scopus Indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journal

Syafiq Khairi, Naddyne Atthaya Harland, Afiyah Haura Salsabila Nst, Fitri Widya Jayanti Hsb

Syafiqkhairi59@gmail.com, nadynneharland@gmail.com, afiyahhaurasalsabilanst@gmail.com ,

fwidya656@gmail.com

Abstract

This research conducts a comprehensive move analysis of the Method sections in Scopus-indexed
Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals, specifically from SIELE and TEFLIN. The study identifies three
primary moves—Establish the Territory, Establishing a Niche, and Occupying the Niche—within the
Method sections. "Establish the Territory" dominates with 42%, emphasizing foundational concepts and a
robust framework. The second most frequent move is "Establishing a Niche" (30%), refining the
foundation laid by the first move. "Occupying the Niche" appears 27% of the time, offering optional,
specific insights. A detailed breakdown of identified steps reveals "Claiming centrality" (22%) as the
most frequent, emphasizing the importance of the discussed topic. Optional steps like "Reviewing items,"
"Counter-claiming," "Questioning," and "Continuing a tradition" appear at 5%. "Indicating a gap" follows
as the second most frequent step (15%). Excerpts from journals exemplify these moves, illustrating how
authors introduce, refine, and delve into specific research contexts. The move-step analysis of five
research articles aligns with the identified moves, emphasizing the common focus on these structural
elements in academic genres. In conclusion, this research contributes insights into the move structures of
Method sections, shedding light on the nuanced approaches within Indonesian Applied Linguistics
Journals. The restatement of objectives, data collection description, and analytical framework provide a
clear roadmap for the study. The summary of findings from past studies and the alignment with steps
findings further enrich the understanding of move structures in academic writing, offering valuable
implications for research and pedagogy.

Introduction

Academic writing is a crucial aspect of scholarly research, as it allows researchers to communicate their
findings and methodologies to a wider audience. There are various types of academic writing, including
research articles, which typically follow a specific structure, including an introduction, methodology,
results, and discussion sections. In this article, we will focus on the method section of research articles,
particularly in the context of Scopus-indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journal.

The method section of a research article is a crucial component, as it provides a detailed description of the
research process, methods, and techniques used by the researchers. This section enables other scientists to
replicate the experiments and verify the results, ensuring the validity and reliability of the research. In the
context of Scopus-indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journal, the method section plays a significant
role in the overall quality and impact of the research published.

Despite the importance of the method section in research articles, it is often overlooked or
underdeveloped, leading to difficulties in replicating experiments and verifying results. Furthermore, the
 method section is closely scrutinized by journal editors and peer reviewers, making it essential to provide
a well-structured and technically sound description of the research process.

Several studies have explored the method section of research articles in various contexts, such as
rhetorical moves in abstracts of a Scopus-indexed Applied Linguistics Journal and linguistic realizations
in international and Indonesian journal articles. These studies highlight the importance of analyzing the
method section to understand the research process and improve the quality of published research.

Despite the existing research on the method section of research articles, there is still a gap in
understanding the specific challenges and issues faced by researchers when writing this section. Further
research is needed to identify these gaps and provide recommendations for improving the method section
in research articles, particularly in the context of Scopus-indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journal.

The question this article aims to address is: How can researchers improve the method section of their
research articles to ensure clarity, coherence, and replicability?

In this study, we will analyze the method section of research articles in the Scopus-indexed Indonesian
Applied Linguistics Journal. By examining the rhetorical moves and linguistic realizations in these
articles, we aim to identify common challenges and best practices for improving the method section in
research articles. This research will contribute to the ongoing discourse on academic writing and provide
valuable insights for researchers and editors in the field of applied linguistics.

Method

In this method section, our analysis focus is to conduct an analysis of the Method section of Scopus
indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics journals. Our primary objective is to identify and describe
the various moves or steps used in the Method section so that we can understand common patterns
and variations in the presentation of research methodology in these journals.
Chen & Kuo (2012) Analytical Framework
We use the analytical framework proposed by Chen & Kuo (2012) to assist in the analysis of the structure
and steps used in the Method section.
Move 1: Introducing the Method chapter
 Indicating chapter/section structure
 Providing an overview of the study
 Indicating theory/approach
Move 2: Describing data collection method and procedure(s)
 Describing the sample (participants, location, time, etc.)
 Describing methods and steps in data collection
 Justifying data collection procedure(s)
Move 3: Delineating methods of data analysis
 Presenting an overview of the (data analysis) design
 Explaining specific method(s) of data analysis
 Explaining variables and variable measurement
 Justifying the methods of measuring variables or data analysis
 Move 4: Elucidating data analysis procedure(s)
 Relating(or recounting) data procedure(s)
 Justifying the data analysis procedure(s)
Previewing results
 Referring to other studies
 Providing background information
 Providing definition of terms
 Providing support or justification
To begin with, the framework developed by Chen and Kuo in 2012 offers a comprehensive move-
step analytical structure specifically tailored for the examination of the "Methods" sections within
research articles and theses.
Furthermore, the Chen and Kuo (2012) model is considered suitable for this research field, which
involves the analysis of "Methods" sections within research articles and theses in the fields of
Applied Linguistics and TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language). It's worth noting that the
Chen and Kuo (2012) model originated from the analysis of theses in the realm of Applied
Linguistics.
We collected data from Scopus indexed articles and theses in the field of Indonesian Applied
Linguistics using the following steps:
a. Step 1: Source Selection
We conducted searches in the Scopus database using relevant keywords to find journal articles and
theses relevant to our research topic.
b. Step 2: Article Selection
We assessed each article to ensure they had a relevant Method section for our analysis.
c. Step 3: Data Extraction
We extracted data related to the steps in the Method section from each selected article.
d. Step 4: Classification and Analysis
We classified the data according to the steps aligned with the Chen & Kuo (2012) analytical
framework. We then analyzed this data to identify common patterns in the presentation of research
methodology.

METHODS 1 "Challenges in Studies in English 223 Words

reading English Language and Education
academic texts for
non-English major
students of an
Indonesian
university"
METHODS 2 Indonesian English Studies in English 217 Words
Learners’ Attitudes Language and Education
towards Cheating,
Absenteeism, and
Gender: Interactions
with L2
Achievement
METHODS 3 A Comparison of Studies in English 178 Words
English, Acehnese, Language and Education
and Indonesian
Monophthongs
METHODS 4 Language Studies in English 214 Words
Development in Language and Education
Writing through Pair-
Reviews in EFL
Learning
METHODS 5 Merdeka Belajar– Studies in English 209 Words
Kampus Merdeka Language and Education
 (MBKM) to
Strengthen the
Culture and
Citizenship Literacy
of Pre-Service EFL
Teachers
METHODS 6 Didactic Oriented TEFLIN Journal 113 Words
Study: Move and
Transitivity Analysis
of Method, Result,
and Discussion
Sections in Research
Articles
METHODS 7 THE TEFLIN Journal 198 Words
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE
EMOTIONAL
LABOR AND
BURNOUT
LEVELS OF EFL
TEACHERS AT
UNIVERSITY
PREPARATORY
SCHOOLS
METHODS 8 USES OF THE TEFLIN Journal 248 Words
FIRST LANGUAGE
IN THE ENGLISH
AS A
FOREIGN/SECOND
LANGUAGE
CLASSROOM:
TEACHERS’
VIEWS AND
ARGUMENTS
METHODS 9 CORPUS USED AS TEFLIN Journal 125 Words
A DATA-DRIVEN
LEARNING TOOL
IN L2 ACADEMIC
WRITING:
EVIDENCE FROM
TURKISH
CONTEXTS
METHODS 10 L2 CONFIDENCE TEFLIN Journal 146 Words
DEVELOPMENT
OF ELF
INTERNATIONAL
STUDENTS IN
TAIWAN
- Total number of texts analyzed: 10 (Text 1 to Text 10)
- Total length (words) of the entire corpus: 1871 words
- Description of journals/theses:
- Text 1 to Text 5: SIELE (Scopus indexed, fields: Teaching and Learning of English, Linguistics,
Literature, source: [SIELE Journal Website](https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/SiELE/index)
- Text 6 to Text 10: TEFLIN (Fields: English Language Teaching, English language teaching and
learning, English language teachers' training and education, source: [TEFLIN Journal Website]
(https://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/index)
1. **Move 1: Introducing the Method chapter**
- Step 1: The section structure is indicated by mentioning the "following sections" that will present
the research method.
 - Step 2: An overview of the study is provided. It outlines the study's objective, which is to uncover
students' difficulties in reading academic English texts, focusing on their academic reading
experiences.
- Step 3: The theory or approach, which is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), is
introduced as the method for exploring students' reading experiences.
**Move 2: Describing data collection method and procedure(s)**
- Step 1: The section describes the sample, which includes participants' characteristics such as
gender, total absences, and final grades.

Result

Moves total Percentage

Move 1 Establish the territory 4 42%
Move 2 extablishing a niche 4 30%
Move 3 Occupying The Niche(Optional) 5 27%

The move that significantly dominates in this analysis is "Establish the territory,"
appearing a total of 4 times with a percentage of 42%. With this significance, it can be
interpreted that the research places significant emphasis on constructing foundational concepts
and a robust framework for understanding and defining the research domain. This move serves
as a primary foundation, providing a solid footing for a more in-depth understanding of the
discussed topic.

In the first journal article on difficulties in reading academic English texts, the Moves can
be identified as follows:

“The initial paragraphs introduce the research focus, which is the students'
difficulties in reading academic English texts. The mention of the research design and the
utilization of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) sets the groundwork for the
study.”

In the second journal article on sound production, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The article starts by positioning the research within the framework of positivism,
focusing on the objective observation of sound production in English, Indonesian, and
Acehnese vowels.”

In the third journal article on writing instruction, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The Ex-Post Facto Method is introduced as the primary approach to analyzing

students' writing achievement. The mention of the process-based approach and
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development further establishes the research context.”
 Following closely is the second most frequently occurring move, "Establishing a niche,"
appearing 4 times with a percentage of 30%. This indicates that after defining the research
domain, the study systematically focuses on determining and forming a specific or specialized
area within the research framework. This move becomes crucial in refining the foundation laid
by the first move.

In the first journal article on difficulties in reading academic English texts, the Moves can
be identified as follows:

“The article establishes a niche by explaining the choice of IPA as a suitable

method for exploring students' reading experiences. The discussion on how IPA aims to
reveal implicit meanings in lived experiences, specifically related to reading academic
English texts, solidifies the niche.”

In the second journal article on sound production, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The niche is established by presenting the specifics of the research, including the
number of students, types of materials administered, recording details, and data analysis
methods. This sets the foundation for understanding the study's unique contributions.”

Although the third move, "Occupying The Niche (Optional)," appears more frequently,
namely 5 times, its percentage is only 27%. This suggests that this move may be more optional
or not consistently applied in every analysis. Nevertheless, the presence of this move allows the
research to explore and delve into specific areas that may not always be present in every research
context. Thus, a detailed analysis of the occurrence and percentage of these moves provides an
intricate overview of the research focus and approach towards developing a profound
understanding of the discussed topic.

In the second journal article on sound production, the Moves can be identified as follows:

“The article occupies the niche by detailing the statistical analysis of the collected
data, specifying the research support, and referencing relevant literature on vowel
contrasts. The inclusion of the Indonesian Endowment Fund's support adds to the unique
context of the research.”

Steps Total Percentage

Step 1 Claiming centrality (obligatory) 3 22%
Step 2 making topic generalization (Obligatory) 1 15%
Step 3 reveiwing items (Optionals) 1 5%
Step 1a Counter – claiming (Optional) 1 5%
 Step 1b indicatiing a gap(Obligatory) 2 15%
Step 1c questening (Optional) 1 5%
Step 1d continiouing a tradition 2 5%
Step 1a outlining purposes (Obligatory) 4 5%
Step 1b announcing present research (Optional) 1 22%
Step 2 announcing principal findings - -
Step 3 : indicating research article - -

In analyzing the identified steps, it is noteworthy that Step 1, "Claiming centrality (obligatory),"
dominates with a total of 3 and a percentage of 22%. Those steps are obligatory and indicate an emphasis
on claiming the importance or centrality of the discussed topic. They serve as the primary focus in
establishing the foundation for statements in the article.

“The present study employed a quantitative method of distributing an online

questionnaire. The eight questionnaire items on attitudes towards cheating (AtC) were adapted from a
study by Carpenter et al. (2006) involving 643 learners at engineering departments from 11 institutions in
the United States and abroad. In the present study, there were four possible responses: “Strongly Agree”
equal to 5 points, “Agree” equal to 4, “Disagree” equal to 2, and “Strongly Disagree” equal to 1….”

Meanwhile, there are several steps with a 5% percentage, including Step 3, "Reviewing items
(Optionals)," Step 1a, "Counter-claiming (Optional)," Step 1c, "Questioning (Optional)," and Step 1d,
"Continuing a tradition." All those steps are optional and appear in fewer numbers, indicating variations
in the approach to writing those articles.

Thus, it can be concluded that the step that occurs most frequently is Step 1, "Claiming centrality
(obligatory)," followed by Step 1b, "Indicating a gap (Obligatory)," as the second most frequent step.
Meanwhile, optional steps such as Step 3, "Reviewing items," Step 1a, "Counter-claiming," Step 1c,
"Questioning," and Step 1d, "Continuing a tradition," appear with lower percentages, indicating diversity
in the approach to writing those articles.

Discussion

The primary goal of this research project, titled "Move Analysis of Method section in Scopus
Indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journal," is to conduct an in-depth examination of the Method
sections within Scopus indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals. The specific objectives include
identifying and analyzing the move structures employed in these Method sections, elucidating the
communicative functions of each move, and providing insights into the overall rhetorical patterns and
linguistic features used in presenting research methodologies. By focusing on journals from both SIELE
(Society of Indonesian English Language Educators) and TEFLIN (Teaching English as a Foreign
Language in Indonesia) Journal, the study aims to contribute valuable knowledge for researchers,
educators, and students in the field of Applied Linguistics in the Indonesian context.
 For this research, a total of 10 articles were collected, with five articles sourced from SIELE
Journal and another five from TEFLIN Journal, both reputable Scopus indexed Indonesian Applied
Linguistics Journals. The articles were selected systematically to encompass diverse research topics and
methodologies within the field. The focus was specifically on the Method sections of each article,
analyzing how authors structured their methodology chapters. The analytical framework developed by
Chen & Kuo (2012) was applied to systematically scrutinize each article's Method section, emphasizing
moves such as introducing the Method chapter, describing data collection methods and procedures,
delineating methods of data analysis, and elucidating data analysis procedures.

The analytical framework employed in this research project, developed by Chen & Kuo in 2012,
provides a systematic breakdown of the Method sections in the analyzed articles. The framework consists
of four key moves:

Move 1: Introducing the Method Chapter

 Indicating chapter/section structure

 Providing an overview of the study
 Indicating theory/approach

Move 2: Describing Data Collection Method and Procedure(s)

 Describing the sample (participants, location, time, etc.)

 Describing methods and steps in data collection
 Justifying data collection procedure(s)

Move 3: Delineating Methods of Data Analysis

 Presenting an overview of the (data analysis) design

 Explaining specific method(s) of data analysis
 Explaining variables and variable measurement
 Justifying the methods of measuring variables or data analysis

Move 4: Elucidating Data Analysis Procedure(s)**

 Relating (or recounting) data procedure(s)

 Justifying the data analysis procedure(s)
 Previewing results

This framework allows for a comprehensive and systematic analysis of each article's Method
section, enabling a nuanced understanding of how researchers in Indonesian Applied Linguistics present
their methodologies.
 The analyzed excerpts from five research articles reveal a common focus on the move-step
structures within the Method sections of various academic genres, particularly in the context of research
articles. Here is a summary and a restatement of the Move findings from the Result section:

The research articulates a clear primary objective: to delve into the Method sections of Scopus
indexed Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals. It aims to identify move structures, elucidate
communicative functions, and provide insights into rhetorical patterns. This focus spans journals from
both SIELE and TEFLIN, aiming to contribute valuable knowledge to the field.

The data collection process involved systematically selecting 10 articles from reputable journals,
ensuring diversity in research topics and methodologies. The Method sections were meticulously
examined using an analytical framework by Chen & Kuo (2012). This framework comprises four key
moves, offering a systematic breakdown of the Method sections in the analyzed articles. The Chen & Kuo
(2012) framework encompasses moves like introducing the Method Chapter, describing data collection
methods, delineating methods of data analysis, and elucidating data analysis procedures. This structured
approach enables a nuanced analysis of how researchers in Indonesian Applied Linguistics present their
methodologies. Examining past studies, the Move findings provide a comprehensive overview of various
research articles. Noteworthy examples include research on linguistic features in management articles,
move-step structures in TESOL master's theses in Vietnam, and a move/step model named Demonstrating
Rigour and Credibility (DRaC). These findings underscore the diversity in move structures across
academic genres and fields, contributing to a broader understanding of research article Methods sections.
the research project employs a robust methodology, draws on a well-defined analytical framework, and
presents insightful findings from past studies. This discussion not only highlights the significance of the
research but also emphasizes the broader implications for researchers, educators, and students in the field
of Applied Linguistics in the Indonesian context.

The text highlights the common moves in academic articles' Method sections, outlining the
importance of establishing territory, defining a niche, and potentially occupying that niche with detailed
insights. Each move contributes to the overall understanding of Method section structures. These moves
offer valuable insights into the structure and organization of academic writing, particularly emphasizing
the role of genre-based writing pedagogy.

The first study underscores the critical role of research methodology in social and human
sciences, revealing inconsistencies in presentation across journals. While aligning with the initial move of
claiming centrality, it highlights the necessity of a standardized approach, setting the stage for the
subsequent move of making topic generalizations. This study lays the groundwork for the need to address
systematic presentation in academic writing.
 The second study, focusing on abstract discourse patterns in English and Indonesian theses and
dissertations, aligns seamlessly with the move of reviewing items. By employing Hyland's five-move
analysis model, the research offers insights into linguistic differences, particularly in tense usage. This
contributes to the broader pedagogy of abstract composition, emphasizing the importance of linguistic
features in effective abstract writing.

In the third study, which delves into biomedical engineering research articles, the move of
outlining purposes is evident. The identification of common moves and frequently used verbs within the
Method section aligns with the broader discourse competency sought in these articles. The study not only
contributes to the understanding of moves within specific disciplines but also provides practical insights
for writers and researchers in biomedical engineering.

The fourth study, comparing method sections in English and Persian applied linguistics research
articles, aligns with the move of indicating a gap. By analyzing distinctions between local and
international articles, it mirrors the emphasis on variations in move and step frequencies across different
journals. This study contributes to the ongoing exploration of cross-linguistic differences in academic
writing.

The fifth study on experimental psychology articles corresponds to the move of announcing
present research. By dissecting move structures and cognitive genres in the Method sections, it aligns
with the broader theme of understanding cognitive genres in psychology articles. The study emphasizes
the need for specific instructions in EAP writing courses for psychology majors, aligning with the move
of announcing principal findings.

In conclusion, the studies collectively reinforce the importance of genre-based writing pedagogy
and contribute valuable insights into rhetorical strategies and linguistic features used in academic writing,
particularly in the context of Method sections.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the analysis of the move structures in the Method sections of Scopus indexed
Indonesian Applied Linguistics Journals reveals notable patterns and trends across the examined articles.
The predominant move, "Establish the territory," emerges as a foundational and obligatory step,
constituting 42% of the identified moves. This underscores the importance of laying a robust foundation
by introducing the research focus and methodology, thereby providing a solid basis for a comprehensive
understanding of the discussed topic. Following closely is the move "Establishing a niche," occurring
30% of the time. This move signifies the systematic effort to define and carve out a specific or specialized
area within the research framework, refining the foundation established by the first move. The analysis
demonstrates that after defining the research domain, the articles consistently focus on determining and
forming a unique niche within the broader context.

The third most frequently occurring move, "Occupying The Niche (Optional)," appears 27% of
the time. While this move is more optional and not consistently applied in every analysis, its presence
allows for a more in-depth exploration of specific areas that may not always be present in every research
context. The move contributes to the richness and diversity of the research by providing detailed insights
into the methodology and its specific application. In terms of the identified steps, "Claiming centrality
(obligatory)" stands out as the most dominant, constituting 22% of the steps. These obligatory steps
emphasize the importance of claiming the centrality and significance of the discussed topic, serving as a
primary focus in establishing the foundation for statements in the articles. Meanwhile, optional steps such
as "Reviewing items," "Counter-claiming," "Questioning," and "Continuing a tradition" appear with lower
percentages, indicating variations in the approach to writing the articles.

The overall conclusion drawn from the analysis of these move structures and steps is that there is
a discernible pattern in how Method sections are crafted in Scopus indexed Indonesian Applied
Linguistics Journals. The articles consistently prioritize establishing a solid foundation, defining a
specific niche, and, optionally, delving into detailed insights within that niche. This understanding
contributes valuable insights for researchers, educators, and students in the field of Applied Linguistics in
the Indonesian context.

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