Experiment 2

SOP and POS

Aim:
The aim of the experiment is to demonstrate the construction and functioning of a digital logic
circuit using integrated circuits (ICs) in both SOP and POS forms.
Apparatus:

1. IC chips (such as 7400, 7402, or 7486) - These ICs will be used to construct the logic
gates.
2. Breadboard - To assemble the circuit.
3. Connecting wires - To establish connections between ICs and components.
4. Power supply - To provide the required voltage for the circuit.
5. LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) - To visualize the output of the logic circuit.
6. Resistors - To limit the current flowing through the LEDs.

Theory:
Digital logic circuits are built using logic gates, which are electronic devices that perform basic
logic functions (AND, OR, NOT, etc.). The Sum of Products (SOP) and Product of Sums (POS)
are two standard forms used to represent logical functions.
In the SOP form, the logical function is expressed as the sum (OR) of several product (AND)
terms. It is represented as a Boolean expression of the form F = Σ(m1, m2, ..., mn), where m1,
m2, ..., mn are the minterms that yield an output of 1 for a given combination of input variables.
In the POS form, the logical function is expressed as the product (AND) of several sum (OR)
terms. It is represented as a Boolean expression of the form F = Π(M1, M2, ..., Mn), where M1,
M2, ..., Mn are the maxterms that yield an output of 0 for a given combination of input variables.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1 POS Figure 2 SOP

Procedure:
1. Connect the IC chips on a breadboard and establish the required power supply
connections.
2. Connect the input variables (A, B, etc.) to appropriate pins of the ICs and connect the
output pins to LEDs through current-limiting resistors.
3. Set up the input combinations according to the truth table and observe the corresponding
outputs on the LEDs.
4. Compare the observed outputs with the expected outputs from the truth table to verify the
functioning of the logic circuit in both SOP and POS forms.

Truth Table:
Here is an example truth table for a 2-input logic gate in both SOP and POS forms:
A B F (SOP) F (POS)
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0

In this example, the inputs A and B are used to calculate the output F for a specific logic gate.