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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
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THE PURPOSE OF EMBEDDED

SYSTEM
• Embedded systems are dedicated computer systems designed to perform specific tasks
within a larger device.
• They are typically small, low-power, and have limited resources compared to personal
computers.
• Some common purposes of embedded systems include:
• Controlling devices (e.g., thermostats, washing machines)
• Processing data (e.g., medical devices, fitness trackers)
• User interaction (e.g., game consoles, ATMs)
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KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Embedded systems have distinct characteristics that set them apart from personal computers:
• Dedicated Function: They perform a specific set of tasks as opposed to general-purpose
computing.
• Real-Time Constraints: They often have strict timing requirements to ensure timely responses.
• Resource-Constrained: They typically have limited memory, processing power, and battery life.
• Hardware-Software Integration: Hardware and software are designed to work together
seamlessly.
• Cost-Effective: They are designed to be low-cost for mass production.
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THE MICROCONTROLLER
• The microcontroller (MCU) is the central processing unit (CPU) of an embedded system.
• It is a single integrated circuit (IC) that includes a processor, memory, and input/output (I/O)
peripherals.
• MCUs are designed for low-power operation and efficient execution of embedded system
programs.
• Some common functionalities of MCUs include:
• Reading sensor data
• Controlling actuators
• Performing calculations
• Communicating with other devices
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CONCLUSION
• Embedded systems are the silent workhorses of the modern world. Despite their small size
and limited resources, they play a vital role in countless devices, from simple appliances to
complex industrial machines. By understanding their purpose, characteristics, and the role of
microcontrollers, we gain a deeper appreciation for the invisible technology that shapes our
lives.