Experiment # 4

Objective:

Design and Implement an Arduino-based Ohmmeter.

Apparatus:
 Arduino Board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
 Breadboard and jumper wires
 Resistors (known values for calibration)
 Display device (LCD or Serial Monitor for output)
 Power source
Theory:
An ohmmeter is a device used to measure electrical resistance, typically in ohms (Ω). It is an essential
tool in electronics for evaluating the resistance of resistors, conductors, or other components within a
circuit. Ohmmeters work by applying a known voltage to the component under test and measuring the
resulting current flow
The ohmmeter measures resistance by applying a known voltage across the resistor and measuring the
resulting current. Ohm's Law (V = I * R) can be rearranged as R = V/I, where R is resistance, V is
voltage, and I is current.In this ohmmeter, a known voltage is applied across the resistor, and the
resulting voltage drop across it is measured. Using Ohm's Law, we can calculate the resistance.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig:6 Arduino base ohmmeter

Procedure:
 Assemble the circuit on a breadboard according to the provided connections.
 Upload the Arduino code to the board using the Arduino IDE.
 Optionally, calibrate the ohmmeter by replacing the placeholder resistor value in the
code.
 Power on the Arduino and either press a pushbutton or wait for the programmed
intervals to trigger resistance measurements.
 Monitor the resistance values displayed on the Serial Monitor or connected display
device for practical ohmmeter readings.

Code:
const int analogPin = A0; // Analog pin for voltage measurement
const float knownVoltage = 5.0; // Known voltage (in volts)

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for debugging
}

void loop() {
float voltage = analogRead(analogPin) * (knownVoltage / 1023.0); // Read analog voltage
float current = (knownVoltage - voltage) / resistorValue(); // Calculate current
float resistance = voltage / current; // Calculate resistance

Serial.print("Resistance: ");
Serial.print(resistance);
Serial.println(" ohms");

delay(1000); // Delay for stability or use a pushbutton to trigger measurements

}

float resistorValue() {
// Replace with the actual value of the resistor connected to A0
return 1000.0; // Example: 1k ohm resistor
}

Observation and Calculation:

Actual Readings Experimental Readings

(V) (V)
0.0 0.0
 0.5 0.5
1.0 1.0
1.5 1.5
2.0 2.0
2.5 2.5
3.0 3.0
3.5 3.5
4.0 4.0
4.5 4.5
5.0 5.0

Table : Measurements for the Voltmeter

Conclusion :

In conclusion, this Arduino-based ohmmeter project serves as a practical exploration of fundamental

electronics principles. By applying Ohm's Law and utilizing analog input, the circuit measures resistance
accurately through a known voltage. The simplicity of the setup allows for an understanding of basic
sensor interfacing and data processing with an Arduino. The calibration step enhances precision,
ensuring reliable resistance measurements. This hands-on experience lays a foundation for further
exploration in electronics, fostering a deeper comprehension of circuit design, coding, and the practical
application of resistive measurement techniques.