Practical-4

Method of Variation of Parameter

d2 y
Question 1: Solve second order differential equation + y = tanx by
dx2
method of variation of parameter.

Solution: Step-1 find complementary function

eqn := y ''@xD + y@xD;
f@x_D := Tan@xD;
P = DSolve@eqn Š 0, y@xD, xD
88y@xD ® C@1D Cos@xD + C@2D Sin@xD<<

Step-2 Consider fundamental sulution function u(x) and v(x)

u@x_D := Cos@xD;
v@x_D := Sin@xD;

u v
Step-3 Find Wronskian W =
u' v '

OFF
u@xD v@xD
W = SimplifyBDetBK
u '@xD v '@xD
1

-v@xD f @xD u@xD f @xD

Step-4 Find g(x) = and hHxL =
W W

- v@xD f@xD
g@x_D :=
W
u@xD f@xD
h@x_D :=
W

Step-5 Find G = Ù g â x and H =Ù h â x

G = Integrate@g@xD, xD
H = Simplify@Integrate@h@xD, xDD

LogBCosB F - SinB FF - LogBCosB F + SinB FF + Sin@xD

x x x x
2 2 2 2
- Cos@xD
2 Practical 4.nb

Step-6 Find PI = uG + vH

PI = u@xD G + v@xD H

- Cos@xD Sin@xD + Cos@xD KLogBCosB F - SinB FF - LogBCosB F + SinB FF + Sin@xDO

x x x x
2 2 2 2

d2 y dy
Question 2: Solve second order differential equation -2 = ex sinx
dx2 dx
by method of variation of parameter.

Solution: Step-1 find complementary function

eqn := y ''@xD - 2 y '@xD;
f@x_D := ãx Sin@xD;
P = DSolve@eqn Š 0, y@xD, xD

::y@xD ®
1
ã2 x C@1D + C@2D>>
2

Step-2 Consider fundamental sulution function u(x) and v(x)

1
u@x_D := ã2 x ;
2
v@x_D := 1
u v
Step-3 Find Wronskian W =
u' v '

OFF
u@xD v@xD
W = SimplifyBDetBK
u '@xD v '@xD
- ã2 x
-v@xD f @xD u@xD f @xD
Step-4 Find g(x) = and hHxL =
W W

- v@xD f@xD
g@x_D :=
W
u@xD f@xD
h@x_D :=
W
Step-5 Find G = Ù g â x and H =Ù h â x

G = Integrate@g@xD, xD
H = Simplify@Integrate@h@xD, xDD

ã-x HCos@xD + Sin@xDL

1
-
2

ãx HCos@xD - Sin@xDL
1
4
 Practical 4.nb 3

Step-6 Find PI = uG + vH

PI = u@xD G + v@xD H

ãx HCos@xD - Sin@xDL - ãx HCos@xD + Sin@xDL

1 1
4 4