ŚWIATOWIT Supplement Series C: Pontica et Caucasica, vol.

I
eds Marcin Matera, Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski
ŚWIATOWIT Supplement Series C: Pontica et Caucasica, vol. I
eds Marcin Matera, Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski

The Crimea and the Northern Black Sea Coast

in Archaeological Research 1956–2013
Крым и Северное Причерноморье
в археологических исследованиях 1956–2013 гг.
eds M. Matera, R. Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski

Institute of Archaeology
University of Warsaw 2017
 Pontica et Caucasica

The Crimea and the Northern Black Sea Coast

in Archaeological Research 1956–2013
Крым и Северное Причерноморье
в археологических исследованиях 1956–2013 гг.

eds M. Matera, R. Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski

Warsaw 2017
 Komitet Redakcyjny:
W. Nowakowski, T. Sarnowski, E. Papuci-Władyka, M. Mielczarek, P. Dyczek,
T. Scholl, A. Biernacki, A. Twardecki, J. Rakoczy

Redaktorzy tomu:
M. Matera, R. Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski

Skład i opracowanie graficzne:

Elżbieta Jaskulska

Korekta:
Marcin Matera

Korekta językowa (język angielski):

Monika Muszyńska, Marcin Jaworowicz, Miłosława Stępień, Maciej Talaga

Okładka:
Fragment mapy: Octaua tabula continet Sarmatiam que in ea est et Tauricam chersonesum…
(Claudii Ptolomaei , Cosmographia …, red. Nicolaus Germanus, rękopis BOZ 2, zbiory Biblioteki Narodowej)

Wydanie zawiera m.in. materiały prezentowane na konferencji pt.: Krym i północne wybrzeża Morza Czarnego w
badaniach archeologicznych 1956-2013, która odbywała się na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim w dniach 19–23.10.2015, pod
patronatem JM Rektora Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Prof. dr hab. Marcina Pałysa.

© Instytut Archeologii UW

ISBN 978-83-61376-51-4
ISSN 1642-4956

Druk, oprawa:
Proprint Usługi Poligraficzne
ul. Daleka 9, 96-321 Żabia Wola
biuro@proprint.biz.pl
 Contents

Wstęp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Late Roman and Early Byzantine Seals from Cherson and its Environs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
N. Alekseienko, V. Nessel’

Элитные склепы возле малых боспорских городов Китея и Илурата. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

В.А. Xршановский

Комплекс усадеб в предместье городища «Чайка» в Северо-Западном Крыму (вариант реконструкции). . . 29

Т.В. Егорова

Экономические причины колонизации Нижнего Поднепровья в период эллинизма . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Н.А. Гаврилюк

Находки римского военного оружия и вооружения времени принципата с территории Xерсонеса

Таврического как следы римского военного присутствия. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Р.A. Гавроньски, Р. Карасевич-Щыпёрски

Подводно-археологические исследования на месте раннесредневекового кораблекрушения у скал

Mалые Адалары к северо-востоку от мыса Плака, Черноморский шельф Южного берега Крыма, на
территории Алуштинского горсовета АР Крым Украина в 2009–2011 гг.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
В.Е. Герасимов, M. Новаковска

Фортификация боспорского города-крепости Илурат (планы П. Дюбрюкса, данные раскопок

и виртуальные реконструкции). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
В.А. Горончаровский, Я. Ракочи

В стороне от проторенных путей? Несколько слов о значении и месте Ольвии на периферии

римского мира. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Р. Карасевич-Щыпёрски

Новый христианский комплекс в Xерсонесе: архитектура и хронология. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Е.Ю. Кленина, А.Б. Бернацки

How Did Amber Come to the Pontic Area in the Migration Period?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
B. Kontny

Закрытые археологические комплексы катастроф в материалах Елизаветовского городища на Дону. 139

В.П. Копылов, А.В. Копылов

Mетодика археологических исследований Э.Р. фон Штерна и ее влияние на историческую науку. . . . . 149
А.Г. Кузьмищев

Итоги исследования Кульчукского городища . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

С.Б. Ланцов, Л.И Грацианская
Рыбный промысел Танаиса. Роль и место рыболовства в хозяйственной жизни и экономике
населения Танаиса. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
M. Mатера

The Lower Dniester Region in Antiquity. History and the Present State of Polish Archaeological
Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
M. Mielczarek

Особенности оборонительной системы боспорского города Китея (по материалам раскопок 1971–
2012 гг.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Е.А. Mолев

Античное поселение на западном берегу Казачьей бухты вблизи Xерсонеса Таврического. Новые
факты и предположения. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
В.А. Нессель, С.Г. Демьянчук

Сакральная топография Кошарского городища (по результатам раскопок 1998–2014 гг.). . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Л.В. Носова, Е.Ф. Редина

About the Study of Hellenistic and Early Roman Glass of Northern Black Sea Coast in Middle 20th –
Early 21st Centuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
K. Novychenkova-Lukicheva

Roman Republican and Provincial Coins from the Archaeological Excavations of the Sanctuary near the
Pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo in the Crimean Mountains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova

Городища Нижнього Подніпров’я (II ст. до н.е. – II ст. н.е.) – новітні дослідження. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Д.Д. Никоненко

Господарські споруди в системі приміських садиб Ольвії Понтійскої (підсумки розкопок 2003–2013
рр.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
В. Папанова, С. Ляшко

Археологические исследования в Северном Причерноморье с участием польских экспедиций. 1956–

2013 гг.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Т. Сарновски

20 лет археологических исследований Варшавского университета в Танаисе (1995–2014 гг.). . . . . . . . . . 263

Т. Шолль

A Cremation Grave of the Chernyakhov Culture with Spurs and Knop Bow Fibula (Bügelknopffibel):
Regional Context and Interregional Comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
E. Schultze, M.V. Lyubichev

New Discoveries of Early East Greek Pottery from the Native Sites of the Northern Black Sea Littoral. . . 295
G.R. Tsetskhladze

Археологические комплексы района базилики «Крузе» в Xерсонесе (итоги раскопок 1998, 2005-
2013 гг.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
С.В. Ушаков

«Древний Xерсонес» Страбона в свете археологических исследований 1985–1990 гг.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

А.А. Зедгенидзе
 Roman Republican and Provincial Coins
from the Archaeological Excavations
of the Sanctuary near the Pass Gurzufskoe
Sedlo in the Crimean Mountains
N.G. Novichenkova*, M.V. Novichenkova**
*Historical-Literary Museum, Yalta, **Institute of Archaeology NAS Ukraine, Kiev

The study focuses on the analysis of 35 Roman Republican and

Provincial silver coins1 found during archaeological excavations of
the sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo at 1981–1993.
Sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo was opened
in 1981 on the Main ridge of the Crimean Mountains (fig.
1, 2) on the height of 1434 m above sea level, while laying
of the pipeline Yalta-Alushta route2. The excavations were
carried out by archaeological expedition of Yalta Histori-
cal-Literary Museum under the guidance of
N.G. Novičen­kova and V.I. Novičenkov. Several cultural
layers of sanctuary of antique period dated from 4th–3rd
century BC to first half of 2nd century AD3 consisted the
mass gathering of jaws of large and small cattle. There were
found jewelry, household items of Hellenistic/Late Repub-
lican and early Roman time, metal figurines of deities of Fig. 1. Map of Crimean mountain pastures with position of
Greco-Roman pantheon4, fragments of cast and blown sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo (V. I. Novičenkov).
glass vessels5, pottery and coins of the Mediterranean and
the Black Sea centers6, the items of Roman military equip- from sanctuary Gurzufskoe Sedlo10 which are presented by
ment of 1st century BC – first half of 2nd century AD7 at several chronological groups:
cultural strata. The heyday of the functioning of the sanc- Two of Roman Republican denarii are of the last quar-
tuary is the last quarter of 1st century BC – the first half of ter of 3rd – 2nd century BC11 – that are an undetermined
1st century AD8. There were revealed 138 of Roman coins denarius of 211–114 BC (pl. 1, 1, tab. 1, 1)12, a denarius of
among the finds of the sanctuary9, the 25% of which dates L. Flaminius Chilo of 109–108 BC (pl. 1, 2)13.
back to the Late Roman Republic (133–28 BC). There are Five Roman AR coins are of period of First and Second
28 Roman Republican coins and 7 Roman Provincial coins Mithridatic Wars of 89–85, 83–81 BC – a denarius of
L. Titurius L. f. Sabinus of 89 BC14 (pl. 1, 3), a quinarius of

1
First published. 10
Funds of Yalta Historical-Literary Museum.
2
Novičenkova, Novičenkov 1991; Novičenkova 1994; 11
We are grateful to V.A. Sidorenko for conducted preliminary
Novichenkova 2002; Novičenkova 2013b; Novičenkova 2015a. determination of the Roman Republican coins from the
3
Novičenkova 2002: p. 135 and 145–146, Novičenkova 2015a: excavations of 1983, 1984.
pp. 117–121. 12
The earliest date of denarii of such type: see Anonymous issue,
4
Novičenkova 1994: pp. 70–75, fig. 12–22; Treister 1998: pp. 68– after 211 BC, Crawford RRC 44/5, Sydenham 168; the latest
80; Treister 2001: pp. 235–245. date – 115-114 BC, Crawford 289/1, Sydenham 546; by common
5
Novičenkova-Lukičeva 2013: pp. 278–283. features the nearest types are: C. Scribonius, 154-146 BC,
6
Novičenkova 2015a: pp. 49–53. Crawford 201/1, Sydenham 380; C. Valerius C.f. Flaccus, 140 BC,
7
Novičenkova 1998: pp. 51–65; Novičenkova 2011: pp. 271–297; Crawford 228/2, Sydenham 440; by size: quinarii, after 211 BC
Novichenkova 2013: pp. 29–30. (15*16, 16*17 mm), Crawford 44/6, Sydenham 141; denarius,
8
Novičenkova 2015a: p. 121. P. Sulla, 151 BC (17 mm), Crawford 205/1, Sydenham 386.
9
38.4 % (53 of specimens) dates by the reign of Augustus; 13
Crawford 302/1, Sydenham 540.
Novichenkova 2015a: pp. 49 and 51. 14
Crawford 344/2c, Sydenham 698.
230
Fig. 2. Plan of sanctuary Gurzufskoe Sedlo (Novičenkova 2002:
fig. 2).
Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus of 88 BC15 (pl. 1, 4), a ser-
rate denarius of 83–82 BC of praetor Q. Antonius Balbus
(pl. 1, 5)16, a denarius of L. Sulla and L. Manlius Torquatus of
82 BC (pl. 1, 6)17, a denarius of L. Procilius of 80 BC (pl. 1,
7)18. By 85–76 BC dates a cistophoric tetradrachm of Roman
Province of Asia, Pergamum (Mysia) mint (pl. 3, 29)19.
Two Roman AR coins are of period of Third Mithridatic
War of 74–63 BC – a cistophoric tetradrachm of 69/68 BC
of Roman Province of Asia, Ephesos mint (pl. 3, 30)20, a de-
narius of M. Plaetorius M. f. Cestianus of 69 BC (pl. 1, 8)21.
Two denarii are of First Triumvirate of 60–55 BC of
Julius Caesar, Pompeus and Licinius Crassus – a denarius
of L. Marcius Philippus of 56 BC (pl. 1, 9)22, a denarius of
Cn. Plancius of 55 BC (pl. 1, 10)23.
Seven denarii are of Civil war of 49–45 BC of Julius
Caesar rule (four of them are of period of 48–47 BC – of
battle of Nicopolis and the Caesar Pontic War at Asia Mi-
15
Crawford 345/2, Sydenham 703.
16
Crawford 364/1d, Sydenham 742b.
17
Crawford 367/5, Sydenham 757.
18
Crawford 379/1.
19
Kleiner Pergamum 41, BMC 116.
20
Kleiner Ephesos 68, BMC 170.
21
For dating of 69 BC see reg. number R.8591 at on-line catalogue
of Roman Republican Coins in the British Museum, Ghey E.,
Leins I., eds; by Crawford 405/5, Sydenham 807 – of 57 BC.
22
Crawford 425/1, Sydenham 919.
23
Crawford 432/1, Sydenham 933.
N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova
nor and Minor Armenia): a denarius of Julius Caesar,
49 BC, military mint moving with Caesar (pl. 1, 11)24, a de-
narius of Albinus Bruti f. of 48 BC (pl. 1, 12)25, a denarius
of L. Hostilius Saserna of 48 BC (pl. 2, 13)26, а denarius of
Julius Caesar 48–47 BC, military mint moving with Cae-
sar (pl. 2, 14)27; а denarius of one of the commanders of
Gneus Pompeus – of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio,
Imperator, 47–46 BC (pl. 2, 15)28, а denarius of T. Carisius
of 46 BC (pl. 2, 16)29, a denarius of L. Valerius Asisculus of
45 BC (pl. 2, 17)30; one denarius is undetermined of 44–
43 (?) BC (pl. 2, 18)31.
Twelve Roman coins are of period of Second Triumvi-
rate of Octavianus and Marcus Antonius and Final War of
the Roman republic. There are two denarii of Rome mint
of 42, 40 BC: a denarius of P. Clodius M. f. Turrinus of
42 BC (pl. 2, 21)32, a denarius of Q. Voconius Vitulus of
40 BC (pl. 2, 22)33, dedicated to the divine Caesar. Five
cistophoric tetradrachmae are of reign of Marcus Antonius
in Asia Minor of 39 BC (pl. 3, 23–26) of Ephesos mint. Five
denarii are of 36–29 BC of Rome mint: a denarius of Oc-
tavianus of 36 BC (pl. 3, 27)34, a legionary denarius of
M. Antonius of 32–31 BC (pl. 3, 28)3536, three denarii of
Octavianus of 32–29 BC (pl. 3, 29-31)37.
Three denarii of Octavianus (Augustus) are of 29–
27 BC (pl. 3, 32–34)38.
The stratigraphy data / preservance of coins. Roman Re-
publican coins from the excavations of the sanctuary near
the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo were revealed at re-deposited
layers of a sanctuary. Only one denarius of P. Clodius
M. f. Turrinus of 42 BC of excellent safety, was recorded at
small remains of undisturbed strata of the Late Hellenis-
tic/Roman Republican cultural layer of the sanctuary to-
gether with coin of Panticapaeum 100–75 BC, сistophoric
tetradrachmae of Mithridates VI of Pontus of 120–63 BC,
gold stater of Dynamis of 21–20 BC. Almost all of the
24
For dating of 49 BC see reg. number 2002,0102.4407 at on-
line catalogue of Roman Republican coins of British Museum,
Ghey, E., Leins I., eds, by Crawford 443/1, Sydenham 1006 of
49–48 BC.
25
Crawford 450/2, Sydenham 942.
26
Crawford 448/2a, Sydenham 952.
27
Crawford 452/2, Sydenham 1009.
28
Crawford 459/1.
29
Crawford 464/5, Sydenham 985.
30
Crawford 474/1a.
31
By common features: P. Sepullius Macer and C. Julius Caesar,
Crawford 480/5а, b; Julius Caesar, Crawford 485/1.
32
Crawford 494/21, Sydenham 1115.
33
Crawford 526/4, Sydenham 1133.
34
Crawford 540/2, Sydenham 1338.
35
Crawford 544.
36
By common features it is the most close to denarii of LEG
IIII (Crawford 544/16), LEG XI (Crawford 544/25), LEG
XVII CLASSICAE (Crawford 544/10), especially of LEG
VIII (Crawford 544/21) and LEG VIIII (Crawford 544/22;
Sydenham 1226).
37
RIC I 251, RIC I 252, RIC I 265.
38
RIC I 267, RIC I 269a.
Roman Republican and Provincial coins from the archaeological excavations…
coins were revealed at the new ritual complex of sanctuary
with system of sacrificial pits which began to be construct-
ed at 30th BC – a last quarter of 1st century BC, had its
continue at 40th of 1st century AD (fig. 3).
Eleven of coins were found at strata of 1st cent AD
together with coins of Augustus, Mithridates the VIII.
These are three of Roman Republican denarii (uncertain of
211–114 BC, L. Sulla and L. Manlius Torquatus of 82 BC,
Marcus Antonius of 32–31 BC) which were revealed to-
gether on the bottom of sacrificial pit, and denarii of L. Ti-
turius L. f. Sabinus of 89 BC, Q. Antonius Balbus of 83–
82 BC, cistophoroe of Pergamum of 85–76 BC of Roman
Province of Asia, denarii of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Sci-
pio of 47–46 BC and L. Valerius Asisculus of 45 BC, two
cistophori of M. Antonius of one type (RPC I 2201), a de-
narius of Octavianus (Augustus) of 29–27 BC). Sacrificial
pits of this strata were constructed at 40th of 1st century
AD. Five of copies (45.45%) of 211–114 BC, 89 BC, 82 BC,
45 BC, 32–31 BC from this group of eleven coins are worn.
Nineteen coins were revealed at strata dated by 30th of
1st century BC – first half of 1st century AD. This are a de-
narius of L. Flaminius Chilo of 109–108 BC, a quinarius of
Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus of 88 BC, a cistophoric
tetradrachm of Ephesos of 69–68 BC of Roman Province of
Asia struck, six denarii of eight found of 49–43 BC (except
of denarii of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio and L. Vale-
rius Asisculus), a denarius of Q. Voconius Vitulus of 40 BC,
three of M. Antonius cistophoric tetradrachmae of 39 BC,
a denarius of Octavianus of 36 BC and five denarii of
Octavianus (Augustus) of 32–29, 29–27 BC (all the denarii
of this period except of one coin of Octavianus (Augustus)
of 29–27 BC). Three of copies (of 88 BC, 46 BC, 44–43 BC)
from this group of nineteen coins are worn – 15.8%.
Denarii of L. Procilius of 80 BC and M. Plaetorius
M. f. Cestianus of 67 BC of worn and good safety are from
strata of medieval epoch concerning the remnants of the
foundation of Christian church at North-eastern part of
square 12И. A denarius of L. Marcius Philippus of 56 BC of
bad state of preservation was revealed at “road” area
(square 10К727) of Late Hellenistic cultural layer of square
10К together with finds of denarii of Augustus, Tiberius.
A find of denarius of Cn. Plancius of 55 BC of good state
of safety is a lifting discovery.
Roman Republican coins dated by the first half of
1st century BC are chronologically correlated with group
of items of Roman manufacture of this period fixed as at
Hellenistic/Roman Republican strata and re-deposited
layers from the excavations of the sanctuary – an Etrus-
can-Italic fragments of helmets of Montefortino type, de-
tail of signum39 and details of an oval Scutum shield40, sim-
pulae of Peschate type41, details of the La-Tėne situlae of
centres of Italian and Gaul production and other La-Tėne
metal vessels42.
39
Novičenkova 2014: pp. 435–441.
40
Novičenkova 2015: pp. 321–327.
41
Novičenkova 2015a : p. 91, fig. 180.
42
There are also nine of coins of Pontus belong to the reign of
Mithridates VI Eupator from numismatic finds of the sanctuary
231
Fig. 3. Sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo. Line of
sacrificial pits (V.I. Novičenkov).
Historically, a Mountain Crimea by an antique written
sources is determined to a region Taurica inhabited by
Taurian tribes43. ”… the country fronting the same sea is
hilly and projects into the Pontus; it is inhabited by the
Tauric nation”44. Pliny the Elder wrote about Scytho-Tauri
who: “…occupy a spine”45 – a Main ridge of the Crimean
Mountains where a sanctuary Gurzufskoe Sedlo is situat-
ed. It is known about participation of inhabitants of
Mountain Taurica in the Mithridatic Wars, as an allies of
the Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus “…He [Mithri-
dates VI] has allies also ready to obey his every command,
Scythians, Taurians, Bastarnae, Thracians, Sarmatians and
all those who dwell in the region of the Don and Danube
and the sea of Azof…”46, “…he had for allies the Chalybes,
Armenians, Scythians, Taurians…”47
After defeat of the Mithridates VI at Third Mithridat-
ic war and his death a Taurian population was involved in
the events connected with Bosporan48 and Chersonesos
opposition and the adoption of influence of Romans in the
region. Chronological group of Roman Republican coins
near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo – two silver cistophoric
tetradrachmae of Mithridates VI, six copper coins of Amisos
of 85–65 BC, one coin of Amastris mint. The coins of Chios,
Byzantium, Cappadocia, Bithynia, Dioscurias, Dionysopolis,
Callatis (four gold stater coins of Lysimachian type of Callatis
and Byzantium mint) from excavations of a site are dating by
2nd–first half of 1st century BC.
43
Str. 7.4.2.
44
Hdt. 4.99.
45
Plin. HN 4.85.
46
App. Mith. 15.67.
47
App. Mith. 69.13.
48
Two finds of Bosporan coins are dating by 375–340, 325–
300 BC, two coins are of last quarter of 2nd century BC and
of 73–63 BC. The increasing of the number of Bosporan coins
at second half of 1st century BC at sanctuary (the 17 of copies
including coins of Asandros of 50–47, 47–30, 47–22 BC, two
gold staters of 31 and 24 BC, gold stater of Dynamis of 20 BC,
drachma of Polemo I testify the strengthening of Bosporan
political influence on the barbarian population of Taurica
from this period.
232
of 56–28 BC had reflected the political and military activ-
ity of Roman state in the East at this period. There were
the Eastern campaign of Marcus Licinius Crassus of 55–
53 BC, Roman defeat at Battle of Nicopolis in 48 BC49
caused the Caesar’s War in Pontus at 47 BC with Pharnac-
es II, the King of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom. This
coin inflow continued during the rule of Marcus Antonius
at the East at period of Second Triumvirate, and intensi-
fied than at the epoch of Octavianus (Augustus) rule50.
Finds of Roman Republican coins of second part of 1st
century BC are correlated the finds of Roman Late Repub-
lican military equipment of this date from the excavations
of the sanctuary – the details of Late Republican Gallic
helmets of West-Celtic type51, catapult bolts, arrowheads
with conical heads, Alesia fibulae52.
Finds of Roman Republican coins in the Northern Black
Sea region are single. Two aurei of Julius Caesar of 45–44 BC
come from the excavations of the Panticapaeum citadel on
Bosporus53. One denarius of Julius Caesar of 47 BC was a part
of the Fontalov deposit of the Taman Peninsula, along with
three staters of Asandros and 17 drachmas of Polemo I54.
A denarius of 38 BC was revealed in the hoard of the Roman
coins from Stanica Priberežnaâ near Saki Lake55.
It is possible that some of Roman Late Republican coins
could come to re-deposited strata from earlier Late Hellen-
istic/Late Republican cultural layer where they could get at
periods of Mithridatic wars, at Pontic war or due to some
events connected with first half of rule of Asandros on Bos-
poros. Other part of Roman Republican coins could get to
sanctuary at epoch of Augustus rule, and accordingly be
concerning with Roman military actions at North Pontic
region, and at period of Roman-Bosporan war of AD 45–49.
A rare for the South of Eastern Europe case of detection
of big group of Roman Republican coins in archaeological
context in the cultural layer of the site allows to use this
49
Caes. B Alex. 40: “…the Legion of Pontus being almost wholly
cut off, with great part of those of Deiotarus, the XXXVI
Legion... with the loss of about two hundred and fifty men”.
50
Novičenkova 2015: p. 51: An amount of Roman coins became
to enlarge at sanctuary Gurzufskoe Sedlo at period of
Augustus rule with a common number of Augustus coins of 53
exemplars.
Müller 2002: The same could be said about the items of Roman
military equipment of the epoch of Augustus of the sanctuary
Gurzufskoe Sedlo, the analogies for this finds are the most
close for Roman military camp Haltern, 7 BC–9 AD.
51
Novičenkova 2013: pp. 311–313.
52
Novičenkova, 2000: p. 160, fig. 5, 1–6.
It
looks like it was some active political and military participation
of barbarous elite in events of 50th – last quarter of 1st century
BC, possibly supporting the Pharnaces II of Pontus in his
actions against Rome, later the Asandros, whose board was
forwarded to conduct an independent policy from Rome, what
is evidenced by the killing by him of Mithridates of Pergamon,
designated as the king of the Bosporus by Julius Caesar.
53
Tolstikov 1987: p. 51, fig. 15 a, b.
54
Kropotkin 1961: p. 40.
55
Kropotkin 1961: p. 65.
N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova
numismatic source as a chronological indicator character-
izing the growth of the Roman military and political influ-
ence in the Black Sea Basin during second half of 2nd –
1st century BC, showing a reflection of role of native
inhabitants of Mountain Crimea in historical events of this
period.
Catalogue.
Roman Republican coins
1. AR denarius, undetermined, of 211–114 BC (pl. 1, 1).
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right, two circular
stamped countermarks / reverse: Dioscuri right? /
Luna in biga right / Victory in biga right? One circu-
lar stamped countermark.
2. AR denarius of L. Flaminius Chilo of 109–108 BC (pl.
1, 2). Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right; ROMA
behind, the mark value X before, stamped counter-
mark V / reverse: Victory driving galloping biga right.
3. AR denarius of moneyer L. Titurius L. f. Sabinus of
89 BC (pl. 1, 3). Obverse: bearded head of king Tatius
right. SABI[N] behind, A•PV before / reverse: killing
of Tarpeia, in exerque, [L TITVRI].
4. AR quinarius of Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus of
88 BC (pl. 1, 4). Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter
right / reverse: Victory standing right, crowning tro-
phy, reverse is worn, in exergue, [CN LE]NT?
5. AR denarius of 83–82 BC of Q. Antonius Balbus (pl.
1, 5). On obverse is the laureate bust of Jupiter right,
S•C behind / reverse: a Victory in quadriga right,
F below; [Q•]ANTO•BA[LB]/PR, serrate.
6. AR denarius of L. Sulla and L. Manlius Torquatus of
82 BC (pl. 1, 6). Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma
right, [PRO•Q] behind, [MA]NLI before / reverse:
Sulla driving quadriga right, crowned by Victory, in
exergue, [L•S]VLLA•IMP.
7. AR denarius of L. Procilius dating of 80 BC (pl. 1, 7).
Obverse – Laureate head of Jupiter right, S•C behind
/ reverse – Juno Sospita in goatskin advancing right,
hurling spear and holding shield; L•PROC[ILI•F]
downwards to left, serpent to right.
8. AR denarius of M. Plaetorius M. f. Cestianus of 69 BC
(pl. 1, 8). Obverse: Head of Bonus Eventus right, har-
poon behind / reverse: winged caduceus; M PLAE-
TORI to right, CEST EX SC to left.
9. AR denarius of L. Marcius Philippus of 56 BC
(pl. 1, 9). Obverse: Diademed head of ancestor Ancus
Marcius right, lituus behind / reverse: Equestrian stat-
ue right on the new aqueduct, [PHILIPPVS] on left,
within five arches of aqueduct A Q V A M [A R];
flower below horse.
10. AR denarius of Cn. Plancius of 55 BC (pl. 1, 10). Ob-
verse: Diana Planciana right, wearing petasus, cruci-
form earring, necklace of pendants, a hair in long
locks CN. PLANCIVS before, AED. CVR. S•C be-
hind / reverse: Cretan mountain goat standing right;
quiver and bow to left.
Roman Republican and Provincial coins from the archaeological excavations…
11. AR denarius of Julius Caesar, 49 BC (pl. 1, 11), mili-
tary mint moving with Caesar. Obverse: Elephant ad-
vancing right, trampling on horned serpent, CAE-
SAR in exergue / reverse: Emblems of the pontificate:
simpulum, aspergillum, securis and apex.
12. AR denarius of Albinus Bruti f. of 48 BC (pl. 1, 12). Ob-
verse: Head of Pietas, PIETAS behind / reverse: Clasped
hands with caduceus, ALBINVS­•BRVTI­•F below, up-
per part of caduceus is worn.
13. AR denarius of L. Hostilius Saserna of 48 BC (pl. 2, 13).
Obverse: Bearded head of captive Gallic warrior
(Vercingetorix) with flashed back waxed hair right,
chain around his neck, Gallic shield behind / reverse:
nude Gallic warrior, standing left, wielding spear and
holding shield, in galloping biga driven by charioteer
right, L•HOSTILIVS above, SASERN below.
14. AR denarius of Julius Caesar 48–47 BC (pl. 2, 14),
military mint moving with Caesar. Obverse: Female
head right, wearing wreath and diadem; LII behind /
reverse: the Gallic war Trophy of armor, helmet,
shield, war pipes, axe surmounted by an animal’s head
to right; CAE–SAR below.
15. AR denarius of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Im-
perator, 47–46 BC (pl. 2, 15). Obverse: Laureate head
of Jupiter right; [Q•METEL], PIVS below / reverse:
SCIPIO, elephant right, in exergue, IMP.
16. AR denarius of T. Carisius of 46 BC (pl. 2, 16). Obverse:
Draped bust of Victory right, SC behind / reverse: Vic-
tory in quadriga right, T. CARISI in exergue.
17. AR denarius of L. Valerius Asisculus of 45 BC
(pl. 2, 17). Obverse: Head of Apollo right,
ACISCV[LVS] before / reverse: Europa on bull right,
holding veil, in exergue, [L•VALERIVS].
18. AR denarius, undetermined, of 44–43(?) BC (pl. 2, 18).
Obverse: Male head, two stars (?) behind and before,
right / reverse: star of six rays left inside, vertical line at
centre, wing (caduceus?), in exergue, […]IUS?
19. AR denarius of P. Clodius M. f. Turrinus of 42 BC (pl.
2, 19). Obverse: Radiate head of Sol right; quiver be-
hind / reverse: Crescent moon and five stars, •P•
CLODIV[S] •M•F below.
20. AR denarius of quaestor Q. Voconius Vitulus of
40 BC (pl. 2, 20) dedicated to the divine Caesar. Ob-
verse: Laureate head of Caesar right, behind lituus /
reverse: Bull-calf advancing left, Q•VOCONIVS –
VITVLVS•Q•DESIGN, S–C.
21. AR denarius of Octavianus of 36 BC (pl. 2, 21). Ob-
verse: Bare head right, [IMP•CAESAR]•DIVI•F•III•-
VIR•ITER•R•P•C / reverse: [COS]•ITER•ET­•TE­[R•
DESIG], Temple of Divus Julius: statue of Julius Cae-
sar, holding lituus, within tetrastyle temple, [DI]
VO•IVL on architrave, star within pediment, altar at
left.
22. AR legionary denarius of M. Antonius of 32–31 BC
(pl. 2, 22). Obverse: Galley r., [ANT AVG] –
233
III• VIR­•R•P•C / reverse: Legionary aquila between
two standards [LEG …].
23. AR denarius of Octavianus of 32–29 BC (pl. 2, 23). Ob-
verse: Diademed head of Venus right/reverse –
Octavianus in military dress, rushing left, bearing spear
in left hand and raising right, CAESAR-DIVI•F.
24. AR denarius of Octavianus of 32–29 BC (pl. 2, 24).
Obverse: Bare head of Octavianus right / reverse: Pax
standing left holding olive branch and cornucopiae,
CAESAR – DIVI• F.
25. AR denarius of Octavianus (Augustus) of 32–29 BC
(pl. 3, 25). Obverse: Bare head of Octavianus right /
reverse: Naval and military trophy facing, composed
of helmet, cuirass, shield, and crossed spears, set on
prow of galley right; crossed rudder and anchor at
base; IMP-CAESAR.
26. AR denarius of Octavianus (Augustus) of 29–27 BC
(pl. 3, 26). Obverse: Bare head right / reverse: arcus
Octaviani, showing a single span surmounted by Oc-
tavianus in facing triumphal quadriga; IMP.CAESAR
on the architrave.
27. 27, 28. AR denarii of Octavianus (Augustus) of 29–
27 BC (pl. 3, 27, 28). Obverse: Bust of Octavianus /
reverse: Terminal column with Octavian’s head, above
a thunderbolt, IMP-CAESAR.
Roman provincial coins
1 (29). AR Cistophoric Tetradrachm of Roman Province
of Asia, Pergamum (Mysia) mint 85–76 BC (pl. 3, 29).
Obverse: cista mystica with half-open lid, serpent is-
sues to left, all within an ivy wreath / reverse: orna-
mented bow-case with two snakes, civic monogram
ΠEΡ left, snake coiled around thyrsos right, ΠPY ΜH
above.
2 (30). AR Cistophoric Tetradrachm of Roman Province
of Asia, Ephesos mint of 69/68 BC (pl. 3, 30). Ob-
verse: cista mystica with half-open lid, serpent issues
to left, all within an ivy wreath / reverse: two serpents
entwined around bow and quiver; between Corn ear
in opposed cornucopiae above, civic monogram EΦE,
date Ξϛ in left field, torch in right field.
3-5 (31-33). AR Cistophoric Tetradrachmae of Marcus An-
tonius of 39 BC (pl. 3, 31–32), Ephesos mint. Obverse:
conjoined busts of wreathed Antonius and Octavia
right, M ANTONINVS IMP COS DESIG ITER ET
TERT / reverse: Bacchus (Dionysus) standing on cista
mystica, III VIR; two of Cistophori.
6-7 (34-35). AR Cistophoric Tetradrachmae of Marcus An-
tonius of 39 BC (pl. 3, 33–34), Ephesos mint. Obverse:
laureate bust of wreathed Antonius right, lituus below,
M ANTONIVS IMP COS DESIG ITER ET TERT /
reverse: draped bust of Octavia right above cista,
flanked by twisting snakes, III VIR R P C.
234 N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova

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Novičenkova 2000
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Kleiner, F.S., The dated cistophori of Ephesus, ANSMN 18,
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Kropotkin V.V., Kladi Rimskih monet na territorii SSSR [SAI Simferopol'.
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can and Early Imperial Roman Military Equipment from the I v. do n.è. na Bospore i v Ŭžnoj Tavrike, in: Vahtina M.Û.,
sanctuary Gurzuf Saddle Pass in the Mountain Crimea, in: Gricik E.V, Žižina N.К., Kashaev S.V., Pavličenko N.A,
Jensen X.P., Grane T. eds., Abstracts of the XVIIIth Ro- Sokolova O.Û., Hrshanovskij V.A., eds., Bosporskij fenomen:
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Novičenkova 2011 Sydenham 1952
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Novičenkova 2013 pp. 88–114.
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Novičenkova 2015
Abbreviations
Novičenkova M.V., Detali oval’nogo ŝita Scutum posdnerespub-
licanskogo vremeni iz svâtiliŝa u perevala Gurzufskoe Sedlo, Ar-
heologiâ i Davnâ Istoriâ Ukrainy 1 (14), pp. 321–327. ANSMN – American Numismatic Society, Museum Notes.
BI – Bosporskie issledovaniâ.
Roman Republican and Provincial coins from the archaeological excavations… 235

BMC – Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British RPC – Roman Provincial Coinage.
Museum. SA – Sovetskaâ Arheologiâ.
RA – Rossijskaâ Arheologiâ. SAI – Svod Arheologičeskih Istočnikov.
RIC – Roman Imperial Coinage. VDI – Vestnik Drevnej Istorii.
RRC – Roman Republican Coinage.

Римские республиканские и провинциальные монеты

из археологических раскопок святилища у перевала
Гурзуфское Седло в Горном Крыму

В ходе раскопок святилища у перевала Гурзуфское
Седло в 1981–1993 гг. археологической экспедицией Ял-
тинского историко-литературного музея под руковод-
ством Н.Г. и В.И. Новиченковых в культурном слое па-
мятника, наряду с предметами позднеэллинистического,
римского импорта, римским вооружением было выявле-
но 319 римских монет, большая часть которых датирует-
ся I в. до н.э. – I в. н.э. В данной статье публикуется
35 римских республиканских и провинциальных монет,
в том числе, эпохи Mитридатовых войн, периода Перво-
го Триумвирата, диктатуры Юлия Цезаря, Второго
Триумвирата, начала правления Октавиана (Августа).
Практически все монеты были выявлены в переотло-
женных слоях. Ввиду редкости обнаружения римских
республиканских монет в культурных слоях археологи-
ческих памятников юга Восточной Европы, приведены
подробные данные стратиграфии.
236 N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova

Plate 1. Roman Republican coins of 211–48 BC. Sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo
1. Uncertain, 211–114 BC; 2. L. Flaminius Chilo, 109–108 BC; 3. L. Titurius L. f. Sabinus, 89 BC; 4. Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodi-
anus, 88 BC; 5. Q. Antonius Balbus, 83/82 BC; 6. L. Sulla and L. Manlius Torquatus, 82 BC; 7. L. Procilius, 80 BC; 8. M. Plaetorius
M. f. Cestianus, 69 BC; 9. L. Marcius Philippus, 56 BC; 10. Cn. Plancius, 55 BC; 11. Julius Caesar, 49 BC; 12. Albinus Bruti f., 48 BC.
Roman Republican and Provincial coins from the archaeological excavations… 237

Plate 2. Roman Republican coins of 48–32/29 BC. Sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo.
13. L. Hostilius Saserna, 48 BC; 14. Julius Caesar, 48/47 BC; 15. Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, 47/46 BC; 16. T. Carisius,
46 BC; 17. L. Valerius Asisculus, 45 BC; 18. Undetermined, 44/43? BC (P. Sepullius Macer and Julius Caesar? / Julius Caesar?);
19. P. Clodius M. f. Turrinus, 42 BC; 20. Q. Voconius Vitulus, 40 BC; 21. Octavianus, 36 BC; 22. M. Antonius, 32/31 BC;
23-24. Octavianus, 32/29 BC.
238 N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova

Plate 3. Roman Republican coins 32/29-29/27 BC. Sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo.
25. Octavianus, 32/29 BC; 26–28. Octavianus (Augustus), 29/27 BC. Roman Provincial coins 85/76-39 BC. Sanctuary near the pass
Gurzufskoe Sedlo. 29. Roman Province of Asia, Pergamum mint, 85–76 BC; 30. Roman Province of Asia, Ephesos mint, 69–68 BC;
31–34. M. Antonius, Roman Province of Asia Proconsularis, 39 BC.
Table 1. Data on Roman Republican and Provincial coins from archaeological excavations of a sanctuary near the pass Gurzufskoe Sedlo.

Date Pl. Type of coin / Exc. year/ № Condition of coin / countermarks / strata /
№ Moneyer Catalogue reference Size, mm Weight,g Passport data
/ place of mint: № metal exc. sq. date of strata
Roman Republican coins
1 Uncertain 211–114 BC, See art. ref. 1, 1 AR. Denarius/ 15.5× ___ ГС–83, 11И341/ КП 27786, very worn / center, pit on sq.11И34–44, one
Rome concerning of Pl. 1,1 Quinarius? 16 mm 447 ко 101, ПО22№51 of three coins
2 L. Flaminius Chilo 109–108 BC, Crawford 302/1, 1, 2 AR. Denarius 18–19 mm 3.56 g. ГС–84, 9з987 КП 30971, good – worn / on obverse countermark V /
Rome Sydenham 540 ко 903, dark strata with burned bones of 30th of 1st
ПО23№198 cent BC – first half of 1st cent AD
3 L. Titurius L. f. Sabinus 89 BC, Crawford 344/2c, 1, 3 AR. Denarius 16.5×19 ___ ГС–83 ко 100, worn /center/ strata and pits – 40th of 1st
Rome Sydenham 698. mm 11И269 КП 27783, cent AD – 1st cent AD
ПО22№49
4 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus 88 BC Crawford 345/2, 1, 4 AR. 13.5×14 1.79 g. ГС–84, КП 30972, worn / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first
Clodianus Sydenham 703 Quinarius mm 10И749 ко 572, half of 1st cent AD
ПО 17№364
5 Q. Antonius Balbus 83–82 BC, Crawford 364/1d, 1, 5 AR. Denarius, 18.2– 4.0 g. ГС–83, ПО45№1, good, some worn / pit, center/ strata and pits
Rome, Sydenham 742b serratus 18.9 mm 11И153 КП 37959 – 40th of 1st cent AD – 1st cent AD
Senate mint
6 L. Sulla 82 BC Crawford 367/5, 1, 6 AR. Denarius ___ ___ ГС–83, 11И341/ ПО22№50, worn / center, pit on sq.11И34–44, one of
Roman Republican and Provincial coins from the archaeological excavations…

and L. Manlius Torquatus Sydenham 757 447 ко 103, three coins

КП 27785
7 L. Procilius 80 BC, Crawford 379/1 1, 7 AR. Denarius ___ 3.4 g. ГС–89, 12 И, ПО 3№59, worn / on surface of strata 12И / re-deposited
Rome, Senate (north.–east. КП 56803, antique level with medieval level
mint part) ко 619
8 M. Plaetorius 69 BC, Crawford 405/5 1, 8 AR. Denarius ГС–89, 12И ПО 3№58, excellent / on surface of strata12И / re-
M. f. Cestianus Rome, ___ ___ (north.–east. ко 618 deposited antique and medieval levels
Senate mint part)
9 L. Marcius Philippus 56 BC, Crawford 425/1, 1, 9 AR. Denarius 16.5 mm ___ ГС–83, 10К727 КП 27752, worn / “road” area / Late Hellenistic strata
Rome Sydenham 919 ПО 1№80, mixed with finds of first centuries BC
ко 19
10 Cn. Plancius 55 BC, Crawford 432/1; 1, 10 AR. Denarius 17.5– ___ ГС–84, КП 30964, good / lifting discovery from square of late
Rome Sydenham 933 18.5 mm 9И ко 1516, Hellenistic gray clay layer 9И
ПО6№159
11 Julius Caesar 49 BC, military Crawford 443/1, 1, 11 AR. Denarius 17.5×19 3.96 g. ГС–84, 10И741 КП 30966, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
moving mint Sydenham 1006 mm ко 574, of 1st cent AD
ПО17№290
239
 240

Table 1. Continued
Date Pl. Type of coin / Exc. year/ № Condition of coin / countermarks / strata /
№ Moneyer Catalogue reference Size, mm Weight,g Passport data
/ place of mint: № metal exc. sq. date of strata
12 Albinus Bruti f. 48 BC Crawford 450/2 1, 12 AR. Denarius 18–19 mm 3.775 g. ГС–84, КП 30968, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
10И862 ко 33 of 1st cent AD
ПО24№268
13 L. Hostilius Saserna 48 BC, Crawford 448/2а, 1, 13 AR Denarius 18.5– 3.93 g. ГС–84, КП 30970, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
Rome Sydenham 952 19.5 mm. 10И749 ко 575, of 1st cent AD
ПО17№224
14 Julius Caesar 48–47 BC, Crawford 452/2, 1, 14 AR. Denarius 19–20 mm 3.69 g. ГС–84, КП 30965, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
military Sydenham 1009 10И65 ко 1332 of 1st cent AD
moving mint ПО 47№1
15 Q. Caecilius 47–46 BC, Crawford 459/1, 2, 15 AR Denarius 17– ____ ГС–83, 10К908 КП 27755, good-worn / strata and pits – 40th of 1st cent
Metellus Pius Scipio Utica, Sydenham 1046. 18.5 mm ко 123 AD – 1st cent AD
North Africa ПО 29№10
16 T. Carisius 46 BC, Crawford 464/5, 2, 16 AR Denarius 16– 3.605 g. ГС–84, 10И942 КП 30967, good-worn / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC –
Rome, Sydenham 985 17.5 mm ко 576, first half of 1st cent AD
Senate mint ПО17№287
17 L. Valerius Asisculus 45 BC, Crawford 474/1a 2, 17 AR. Denarius ___ 2.88 g. ГС–85, 11з148, ко 3, worn / strata – 1st cent AD
Rome ПО 2№2,
18 Undetermined 44–43? BC see art. ref. concern. 2, 18 AR. Denarius 16– 3.31 g. ГС–84, Ко 34, very worn / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC –
of Pl. 2, 18 16.5 mm 10И–996 КП 30962, first half of 1st cent AD
ПО 24–369
19 P. Clodius 42 BC, Crawford 494/21, 2, 19 AR. Denarius 18 mm ___ ГС–83 КП 27731, excellent / Late Hellen./ Late Rep. strata,
M. f. Turrinus Rome Sydenham 1115. 10з068 ко 114, ПО26№97 light-grey clay with bone fract. at east part of
square 10з
20 Q. Voconius Vitulus 40 BC, Crawford 526/4; 2, 20 AR. Denarius 17.5×21 3.62 g. ГС–84, 10И553 ко 573, good / Dark strata with ash, rubble and bones
Rome, Sydenham 1133 mm КП 30963, / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half of
Senate mint ПО 17–85 1st cent AD
21 Octavianus 36 BC, Crawford 540/2, 2, 21 AR. Denarius 19–20 mm 3.8 g. ГС–84, 10И968 ко 35, good, some worn on left half on reverse /
Southern or Sydenham 1338 КП 30969, strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half of 1st
central Italian ПО24№326 cent AD
mint
22 M. Antonius 32–31 BC, Crawford 544, 2, 22 AR. Denarius 18 mm ___ ГС–83 ко 102, very worn / countermark on reverse: M (two
Patrae (?) mint Sydenham 1212. 11И341/ КП 27787, letters NN joined together) /center, pit on
447 ПО 22№52 sq. 11И34–44, one of three coins
N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova
Table 1. Continued
Date Pl. Type of coin / Exc. year/ № Condition of coin / countermarks / strata /
№ Moneyer Catalogue reference Size, mm Weight,g Passport data
/ place of mint: № metal exc. sq. date of strata
23 Octavianus 32–29 BC, Ital. RIC 251 2, 23 AR. Denarius 18–19 mm 4.58 g. ГС–84 КП 30973, good – excellent / strata of 30th of 1st cent
(Brundisium?) 10И363 ко 577, BC – first half of 1st cent AD
mint ПО17№361
24 Octavianus 32–29 BC, RIC 252 2, 24 AR. Denarius 19–20 mm 3.9 g. ГС–84 Ко 509, excellent / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first
Uncertain 10И968 КП 30977, half of 1st cent AD
Italian mint ПО18№338
25 Octavianus 32–29 BC, Ital. RIC 265 3, 25 AR. Denarius ___ ___ ГС–85, 11з083 КП 37957, good / without edge, ancient damage / strata
(Brundisium?) ко 4, – 1st cent AD
mint ПО 2 №4
26 Octavianus (Augustus) 29–27 BC, RIC 267 3, 26 AR. Denarius 19–20 mm 3.78 g. ГС–84 ко 770, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
Italian mint 10И КП 30980, of 1st cent AD
ПО 2№499
27 Octavianus (Augustus) 29–27 BC, RIC 269a 3, 27 AR. Denarius 19–20 mm ___ ГС–84 КП 30987, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
Italian mint 10И775 Ко 578, of 1st cent AD
ПО17№61
28 Octavianus (Augustus) 29–27 BC, RIC 269a 3, 28 AR. Denarius 19–20 mm ___ ГС–83 КП 27721, ко 23, good / strata and pits – 40th of 1st cent AD –
Roman Republican and Provincial coins from the archaeological excavations…

Italian mint 10К908 ПО1№88 1st cent AD

Roman Provincial coins
29 Roman Province of Asia 85–76 BC, Kleiner Pergamum 3, 29 AR. 25– ___ ГС–83, КП 27776, good, some worn / strata and pits – 40th of
Proconsularis Pergamum 41, BMC Musia 116 Cistophoric 25.5 mm 11К–006 ко 139, 1st cent AD – 1st cent AD
mint Tetradrahm. ПО39№15
30 Roman Province of Asia 69–68 BC, Kleiner Ephesos 68, 3, 30 AR. 20×22 mm 11.44 g. ГС–84, 10И КП 30952, good, some worn / strata of 30th of 1st cent
Proconsularis Ephesos mint BMC 170 Cistophoric ко 769, BC – first half of 1st cent AD
Tetradrahm. ПО 2№56
31 M. Antonius 39 BC, Roman RPC I 2201, 3, 31 AR. 26–27 mm ___ ГС–83 КП 27760, good / strata and pits – 40th of 1st cent AD –
Prov. of Asia Sydenham 1197. Cistophoric 10К806 ко 10, 1st cent AD
Proconsularis, Tetradrahm. ПО1№78
Ephesos mint
32 M. Antonius 39 BC, Roman RPC I 2201, 3, 32 AR. 26 mm ___ ГС–83 КП 27732, good / strata and pits – 40th of 1st cent AD –
Prov. of Asia Sydenham 1197. Cistophoric 10К806 ко 11, 1st cent AD
Proconsularis, Tetradrahm. ПО 1№79
Ephesos mint
241
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Table 1. Continued
Date Pl. Type of coin / Exc. year/ № Condition of coin / countermarks / strata /
№ Moneyer Catalogue reference Size, mm Weight,g Passport data
/ place of mint: № metal exc. sq. date of strata
33 M. Antonius 39 BC, Roman RPC I 2201, __ AR. 25.5–26 12.01 g. ГС–84 ко 508, good / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC – first half
Prov. of Asia Sydenham 1197. Cistophoric. mm 10И634 КП 30964, of 1st cent AD
Proconsularis, Tetradrahm. ПО18№135
Ephesos mint
34 M. Antonius 39 BC, Roman RPC I 2202, 3, 33 AR. ___ ___ ГС–82 КП 27756, good / 9И, south p. /10И, north p./ strata of
Prov. of Asia Sydenham 1198. Cistophoric 9И /10И № 151 30th of 1st cent BC – first half of 1st cent AD
Proconsularis, Tetradrahm.
Ephesos
35 M. Antonius 39 BC, Roman RPC I 2202, 3, 34 AR. 27.5–28 11.41 g. ГС–84, 10И665 ПО21№2, good / pit / strata of 30th of 1st cent BC –
Prov. of Asia Sydenham 1198. Cistophoric mm ко 1286, first half of 1st cent AD
Proconsularis, Tetradrahm. КП 30955
Ephesos mint
N.G. Novichenkova, M.V. Novichenkova